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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Extractive Metallurgy of Activated Minerals

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • P. Baláž
    • English
    Mechanical activation of solids is a part of mechanochemistry, the science with a sound theoretical foundation exhibiting a wide range of potential application. Mechanical activation itself is an innovative procedure where an improvement in technological processes can be attained via a combination of new surface area and defects formation in minerals.Mechanical activation is of exceptional importance in extractive metallurgy and mineral processing and this area forms the topic of this book and is the result of more than twenty years of research and graduate teaching in the field.In pyrometallurgy, the mechanical activation of minerals makes it possible to reduce their decomposition temperatures or causes such a degree of disordering that the thermal activation may be omitted entirely. The potential mitigation of environmental pollutants is becoming increasingly important in this context.The lowering of reaction temperatures, the increase of the rate and amount of solubility, preparation of water soluble compounds, the necessity for simpler and less expensive reactors and shorter reaction times are some of the advantages of mechanical activation in hydrometallurgy. The environmental aspects of these processes are particularly attractive.Several industrial processes are examined and their flowsheets are presented as succesful of activation. In these processes, the introduction of a mechanical activation step into the technological cycle significantly modifies the subsequent steps.The book is designed for researchers, teachers, operators and students in the areas of extractive metallurgy, mineral processing, mineralogy, solid state chemistry and materials science.It will encourage newcomers to the mechanochemistry to do useful research and discover novel applications in this field.

  • Geochemical Remote Sensing of the Sub-Surface

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • M. Hale
    • English
    This volume documents the techniques for geochemical remote sensing of the subsurface, to present case-history evidence of their successes and limitations, and to consider their further potential. The chapters in Part I focus on the mechanisms and models of dispersion that give rise to the patterns we attempt to detect. Part II deals with the detection of dispersion patterns that owe their origins to processes, such as leakage, that are allied to resource emplacement. Part III describes the detection of dispersion patterns that are generated by processes, such as radiodecay and oxidation, taking place in deposits after their emplacement.Every chapter brings a fresh perspective. Radon has met with much success in uranium exploration, whilst thorough research studies on helium and mercury lead to conclusions that tend to discourage use of these gases in mineral exploration. The case for light hydrocarbons is one of compelling simplicity whilst elaborate mathematical and electrochemical models are advanced for metal migration.

  • Siliceous Deposits in the Pacific Region

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • R. Siever + 2 more
    • English

  • Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 34
    • J.C.J. Nihoul
    • English

  • Fundamentals of Numerical Reservoir Simulation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • D.W. Peaceman
    • English
    The use of numerical reservoir simulation with high-speed electronic computers has gained wide acceptance throughout the petroleum industry for making engineering studies of a wide variety of oil and gas reservoirs throughout the world. These reservoir simulators have been designed for use by reservoir engineers who possess little or no background in the numerical mathematics upon which they are based. In spite of the efforts to improve numerical methods to make reservoir simulators as reliable, efficient, and automatic as possible, the user of a simulator is faced with a myriad of decisions that have nothing to do with the problem to be solved. This book combines a review of some basic reservoir mechanics with the derivation of the differential equations that reservoir simulators are designed to solve.

  • Palygorskite-Sepiolite

    Occurrences, Genesis and Uses
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 37
    • A. Singer + 1 more
    • English

  • Petroleum Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • R.E. Chapman
    • English

  • Remote Sensing of Shelf Sea Hydrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • J.C.J. Nihoul
    • English

  • Eolian Sediments and Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • M.E. Brookfield + 1 more
    • English
    Papers cover the entire spectrum of eolian investigations, ranging from the microscopic level to regional synthesis as well as ancient eolian deposits and their interpretation.

  • Developments and Interactions of the Precambrian Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • B. Nagy + 3 more
    • English
    Selection of papers from the IGCP Project 157 and 160 meeting at the Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 11-14 Jan. 1982

  • Iron-Formation: Facts and Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • A.F. Trendall + 1 more
    • English

  • Clay Minerals

    A Physico-Chemical Explanation of Their Occurrence
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • B. Velde
    • English
    This book follows another by the same author, published in 1977, which the author considered as ``a first attempt to put some order in the house of clay petrology''. That book was described as ``an excellent first attack on clay mineral petrology... informative, and stimulating because of the method of presentation and the open-door treatment of the subject. Not only clay-mineral scientists but petrologists in general must read this first book on clay mineral petrology.'' (Earth Science Reviews).This book describes clay mineral occurrence in terms of the physical and chemical forces which influence it. It includes a geological description of mineral occurrence, a definition of the major features of clay mineral chemical composition, and an indication of the physical-chemical boundaries of these occurrences. It also presents general patterns for the geological environments of weathering, sedimentation, burial diagenesis, deep sea basalt alteration, hydrothermal alteration of acidic rocks and chemical precipitation in acidic and basic environments. The major clay groups are related to one another as they occur in geological systems through the use of graphical analysis. The author has thoroughly reviewed the relevant literature for the last 25 years. The data and analyses obtained and presented in this book will not only make interesting reading, but will also prove extremely useful to those involved with studies in deep sea research, mining geology, petroleum geology, agronomy and civil engineering.

  • Petrology of the Ocean Floor

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 33
    • R. Hekinian
    • English

  • Ocean Hydrodynamics of the Japan and East China Seas

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • T. Ichiye
    • English
    The Japan and East China seas are both marginal seas, but have different oceanographical features: the former is a deep basin filled with polar water but a jet-like current in the upper layer, and the latter is a wide continental shelf with two large rivers. This book provides the first synthesis of information on the circulation, hydrography, coastal phenomena, tides, turbidity and wind waves of these seas. Circulation caused by wind, pressure distributions and other effects is discussed with the aid of analytical, numerical and hydraulic models, many of which can also be applied to problems in other seas. New oceanographic techniques covered include remote sensing, drifter tracking and moored current meter system, providing information useful to both researchers and students.

  • Quaternary Dating Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • W.C. Mahaney
    • English

  • Cretaceous Environments of Asia

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 17
    • H. Okada + 1 more
    • English
    This book presents a synthesis of the principal environmental characteristics of the Cretaceous in East and South Asia. The research was accomplished under IGCP project 350, which deals with the biological, climatological and physical environments of this region during the Cretaceous.This synthesis discusses aspects of stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, geochemistry, tectonics, petrology, mineralogy, and geophysics. The research results are summarised by country, and include Far East Russia, Mongolia, eastern China, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and India. Although these countries do not encompass the entire region, this coverage provides an excellent perspective of the evolution of the region during the Cretaceous.The records incorporated in this book present a wealth of marine and nonmarine data on climate, biotic diversity, circulation and chemistry of the ocean as well as fundamental plume tectonism. The latter appears to have caused much of the environmental change in this broad region, including both an enhanced greenhouse effect and high sea levels.

  • Operational Aspects of Oil and Gas Well Testing

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • S. McAleese
    • English
    Well Testing is recognised by many operating oil and gas companies to be the most hazardous operation they routinely undertake. Therefore, it is of great importance that such operations are extremely well planned and executed.This handbook covers all the major "Operational Aspects of Oil and Gas Well Testing" and uses a structured approach to guide the reader through the steps required to safely and effectively plan a well test operation under just about any circumstances world wide.Safety procedures and well testing recommended practices are rigorously addressed in this book, as are the responsibilities of those persons involved in well testing operations. Perforat... equipment, drill stem test equipment and bottom hole pressure gauges are discussed in detail in the book. There is also a very valuable section on sub sea equipment, an area often not well understood even by experienced engineers who may have been primarily involved with land or jackup rigs. A major part of the book is the detailed coverage of the equipment and instrumentation that makes up a surface well testing package. It also covers operational and testing related problems such as, hydrates, wax and sand, and offers the reader some possible solutions. There are useful chapters on sampling, onsite chemistry, coil tubing and nitrogen operations and basic stimulation as they relate to well testing. Finally there is an extensive section of appendices covering useful engineering calculations and there is a complete example of a detailed well testing programme.

  • Earth System Science

    From Biogeochemical Cycles to Global Changes
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 72
    • Michael Jacobson + 3 more
    • English
    Over the last decade, the study of cycles as a model for the earth's changing climate has become a new science. Earth Systems Science is the basis for understanding all aspects of anthropogenic global change, such as chemically forced global climate change. The work is aimed at those students interested in the emerging scientific discipline.Earth Systems Science is an integrated discipline that has been rapidly developing over the last two decades. New information is included in this updated edition so that the text remains relevant. This volume contains five new chapters, but of special importance is the inclusion of an expanded set of student exercises.The two senior authors are leading scientists in their fields and have been awarded numerous prizes for their research efforts.

  • Marine Geology of Korean Seas

    • 2nd Edition
    • Sung Kwun Chough + 2 more
    • English
    Tremendous progress has been made in the geological understanding of the Korean seas with the advances in sophisticated exploration techniques, specifically in the areas of marine geophysics, sedimentology, geochemistry, and palaeoceanography, since Marine Geology of Korean Seas was first published in 1983.This book gives a comprehensive overview of the marine geology of these unique seas, including physiography, sedimentary facies and depositional processes of surface sediments, sequence stratigraphy, geologic structures, and basin evolution.In this edition, new results and interpretations have been incorporated that help to formulate geological models on the evolution of the Korean seas in relation to the adjacent continents.

  • Acoustic and Elastic Wave Fields in Geophysics, Part I

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 32
    • Avital Kaufman + 1 more
    • English
    This book is dedicated to basic physical principles of the propagation of acoustic and elastic waves. It consists of two volumes. The first volume includes 8 chapters and extended Appendices explaining mathematical aspects of discussed problems. The first chapter is devoted to Newton's laws, which, along with Hooke's law, govern the behavior of acoustic and elastic waves. Basic concepts of mechanics are used in deriving equations which describe wave phenomena. The second and third chapters deal with free and forced vibrations as well as wave propagation in one dimension along the system of elementary masses and springs which emulates the simplest elastic medium.In addition, shear waves propagation along a finite and infinite string are discussed.In chapter 4 the system of equations describing compressional waves is derived.The concepts of the density of the energy carried by waves, the energy flux, and the Poynting vector are introduced. Chapter 5 is dedicated to propagation ofspherical, cylindrical, and plane waves in homogeneous media, both in time andfrequency domains. Chapter 6 deals with interference and diffraction. Thetreatment is based on Helmholtz and Kirchhoff formulae. The detailed discussion of Fresnel's and Huygens's principles is presented. In Chapter 7 the effects of interference of waves with close wave numbers and frequencies are considered. Concepts such as the wave group, the group velocity, andthe stationary phase important for understanding propagation of dispersive waves are introduced. The final chapter of the first volume is devoted to the principles of geometrical acoustics in inhomogeneous media.

  • Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes

    • 2nd Edition
    • Open Open University
    • English
    Completely revised and updated for its second edition, this volume belongs to the Open University series on oceanography. It is designed so that it can be read on its own or studied as part of the Open University third-level course, S330 Oceanography.The book begins by describing the characteristics of waves and tides, and their behaviour in shallow water. After outlining the sources of sediment supply to the oceans, some theoretical aspects of sediment movement and deposition by currents are considered. After looking at wave action in the littoral zone, the interplay of tidal currents, river flow and wave action in estuaries and deltas are explored. The final chapter provides an overview of shelf processes.This is a vital book for all oceanography undergraduate students worldwide.

  • Caribbean Basins

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • P. Mann
    • English
    This 21-chapter volume provides a regionally-comprehen... collection of original studies of Caribbean basins conducted by academic and petroleum geologists and geophysicists in the early and mid-1990s. The common tectonic events discussed in the volume including the rifting and passive margin history of North and South America that led to the formation of the Caribbean region; the entry of an exotic, Pacific-derived Great Arc of the Caribbean at the leading edge of the Caribbean oceanic plateau; the terminal collision of the arc and plateau with the passive margins fringing North and South America; and subsequent strike-slip and accretionary tectonics that affected the arc-continent collision zone.Two introductory chapters (Part A) utilize recent advances in quantitative plate tectonic modeling and satellite-based gravity measurements to place the main phases of Caribbean basin formation into a global plate tectonic framework. Nineteen subsequent chapters are organized geographically and focus on individual or groups of genetically-linked basins. Part B consists of five chapters which mainly focus on basins overlying the North America plate in the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba and the Bahamas that record its rifting from South America in late Jurassic to Cretaceous time. Part C has six chapters that focus on smaller, usually heavily faulted and onshore Cenozoic basins of the northern Caribbean that formed in response to arc collisional and strike-slip activity along the evolving North America-Caribbean plate boundary. The two chapters in Part D focus on Cenozoic basins related to the Lesser Antilles arc system of the eastern Caribbean. Part E is comprised of three chapters on the Jurassic-Recent sedimentary basins of the eastern Venezuela and Trinidad area of the southeastern Caribbean. These basins reflect both the Jurassic-Cretaceous rifting and passive margin history of separation between the North and South America plates as well as a much younger phase of Oligocene to recent transpression between the eastward migrating Lesser Antilles arc and accretionary wedge and the South America continent. The three chapters of Part F contain deep penetration seismic reflection and other geophysical data on the largely submarine Cretaceous Caribbean oceanic plateau that forms the nucleus of the present-day Caribbean plate.

  • Modeling the Earth's Climate and its Variability

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 67
    • W.R. Holland + 2 more
    • English
    Understanding and predicting the Earth's climate system, particularly climate variability and possible human-induced climate change, presents one of the most difficult and urgent challenges in science. Climate scientists worldwide have responded to that challenge over the past decade by creating a wide variety of ever more sophisticated climate models that are beginning to show considerable ability to replicate many aspects of the climate system. At the same time, to fully understand climate change, one also has to look to past climates. For this purpose five eminent scholars who span the disciplines of modeling and observation, including elements of past, present and future climate studies came together at this Les Houches school. They presented a systematic development of each of their respective subjects which provided a comprehensive overview of this vast and complex subject. These core lectures were supplemented by a set of shorter lectures and of seminars.

  • Stratigraphic Systems

    Origin and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Glenn S. Visher
    • English
    The statigraphic record represents the history of processes and events that occurred at the surface of the earth. Presently, there are no textbooks on the market that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes to predict stratigraphic patterns. Visher's authoritative Stratigraphic Systems fills this niche. It outlines the principle stratigraphic concepts for exploration of hydrocarvon accumulations, with more than 700 illustrations. Can be used as a primary textbook for an undergraduate course in stratigraphy and sedimentation.

  • Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • E. Savazzi + 1 more
    • English
    The book presents multivariate statistical methods useful in geological analysis. The essential distinction between multivariate analysis as applied to full-space data (measurements on lengths, heights, breadths etc.) and compositional data is emphasized with particular reference to geochemical data. Each of the methods is accompanied by a practically oriented computer program and backed up by appropriate examples. The computer programs are provided on a compact disk together with trial data-sets and examples of the output.An important feature of this book is the graphical system developed by Dr. Savazzi which is entitled Graph Server. Geological data often deviate from ideal statistical requirements. For this reason, close attention has been paid to the analysis of data that contain atypical observations.

  • Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere

    Theory, Experiments, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts + 1 more
    • English
    Here is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of one of the hottest areas of chemical research. The treatment of fundamental kinetics and photochemistry will be highly useful to chemistry students and their instructors at the graduate level, as well as postdoctoral fellows entering this new, exciting, and well-funded field with a Ph.D. in a related discipline (e.g., analytical, organic, or physical chemistry, chemical physics, etc.). Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere provides postgraduate researchers and teachers with a uniquely detailed, comprehensive, and authoritative resource. The text bridges the "gap" between the fundamental chemistry of the earth's atmosphere and "real world" examples of its application to the development of sound scientific risk assessments and associated risk management control strategies for both tropospheric and stratospheric pollutants.

  • Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere

    • 2nd Edition
    • Peter Warneck
    • English
    Knowledge of thc chemical behavior of trace compounds in the atmosphere has grown steadily, and sometimes even spectacularly, in recent decades. These developments have led to the emergence of atmospheric chemistry as a new branch of science. This book covers all aspects of atmospheric chemistry on a global scale, integrating information from chemistry and geochemistry, physics, and biology to provide a unified account. For each atmospheric constituent of interest, the text summarizes the principal observations on global distribution, chemical reactions, natural and anthropogenic sources, and physical removal processes. Coverage includes processes in the gas phase, in aerosols and c1ouds, and in precipitation, as well as biogeochemical cycles and the evolution of the atmosphere. Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, Second Edition, will serve as a textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, and as an essential reference for atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, and anyone studying the biogeochemical cycles of trace gases.

  • Composition, Deep Structure and Evolution of Continents

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • R.D. van der Hilst + 1 more
    • English
    The ensemble of manuscripts presented in this special volume captures the stimulating cross-disciplinary dialogue from the International Symposium on Deep Structure, Composition, and Evolution of Continents, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 15-17 October 1997. It will provide an update on recent research developments and serve as a starting point for research of the many outstanding issues.After its formation at mid-oceanic spreading centers, oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides, until it subducts into the deep mantle beneath convergent margins. As a result of this continuous recycling process oceanic lithosphere is typically less than 200 million years old (the global average is about 80 Myr). A comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of continents involves a wide range of length scales: tiny rock samples and diamond inclusions may yield isotope and trace element signatures diagnostic for the formation age and evolution of (parts of) cratons, while geophysical techniques (e.g., seismic and electromagnetic imaging) constrain variations of elastic and conductive properties over length scales ranging from several to many thousand kilometers. Integrating and reconciling this information is far from trivial and, as several papers in this volume document, the relationships between, for instance, formation age and tectonic behavior on the one hand and the seismic signature, heat flow, and petrology on the other may not be uniform but may vary both within as well as between cratons. These observations complicate attempts to determine the variations of one particular observable (e.g., heat flow, lithosphere thickness) as a function of another (e.g., crustal age) on the basis of global data compilations and tectonic regionalizations.Imp... conclusions of the work presented here are that (1) continental deformation, for instance shortening, is not restricted to the crust but also involves the lithospheric mantle; (2) the high wavespeed part of continental lithospheric mantle is probably thinner than inferred previously from vertically travelling body waves or form global surface-wave models; and (3) the seismic signature of ancient continents is more complex than expected from a uniform relationship with crustal age.

  • Encyclopedia of Volcanoes

    • 1st Edition
    • Haraldur Sigurdsson + 4 more
    • English
    Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, if sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes. Through its thematic organization around the melting of the earth, it provides a comprehensive source of information on the multidisciplinary influences of volcanic eruptions--both the destructive as well as the beneficial aspects.The majority of the chapters focus on the geoscience-related aspects of volcanism (radioactive heat source, melting rock, ascent of magma, surface phenomena associated with exiting magma, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). In addition, complementary chapters discuss the multidisciplinary aspects of volcanism; these include the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. In addition to its appeal to educators, students, and professional and amateur scientists, the Encyclopedia of Volcanoes functions as an important information resource for administrators and officials responsible for developing and implementing volcanic hazard mitigation around the world.

  • Paleomagnetism

    Continents and Oceans
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 73
    • Michael W. McElhinny + 1 more
    • English
    Paleomagnetism is the study of the fossil magnetism in rocks. It has been paramount in determining that the continents have drifted over the surface of the Earth throughout geological time. The fossil magnetism preserved in the ocean floor has demonstrated how continental drift takes place through the process of sea-floor spreading. The methods and techniques used in paleomagnetic studies of continental rocks and of the ocean floor are described and then applied to determining horizontal movements of the Earth's crust over geological time. An up-to-date review of global paleomagnetic data enables 1000 million years of Earth history to be summarized in terms of the drift of the major crustal blocks over the surface of the Earth. The first edition of McElhinny's book was heralded as a "classic and definitive text." It thoroughly discussed the theory of geomagnetism, the geologic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field, and the shifting of magnetic poles. In the 25 years since the highly successful first edition of Palaeomagnetism and Plate Tectonics (Cambridge, 1973) the many advances in the concepts, methodology, and insights into paleomagnetism warrant this new treatment. This completely updated and revised edition of Paleomagnetism: Continents and Oceans will be a welcome resource for a broad audience of earth scientists as well as laypeople curious about magnetism, paleogeography, geology, and plate tectonics. Because the book is intended for a wide audience of geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers, it balances the mathematical and descriptive aspects of each topic.

  • Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth

    Computer Modeling
    • 1st Edition
    • John S. Lewis
    • English
    Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards explores the anticipated consequences of comet and asteroid impact. It presents the first computer simulations of the hazards of comet and asteroid bombardment of a populated Earth. Previous estimates of fatality and damage rates on the 100 to 10,000 year time scale are shown to be too low because they neglect rare, highly lethal outriders of the populations of bombarding objects, those with exceptional strength, unusually low entry velocity, and near-horizontal entry angles. This is the first realistic assessment of both the mean casualty rate and the expected statistical fluctuations in that rate. A breakdown of fatality and damage rates by impactor energy and compositional class suggests lessons for both asteroid search strategies and interdiction techniques.This book is written so that anyone with college level experience in the physical sciences can understand it. It includes a disk that allows the reader to simulate impact catastrophes. It serves as a useful resource in various physical sciences courses such as astronomy, planetary science, and environmental science.

  • Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles

    Theory, Measurements, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Michael I. Mishchenko + 2 more
    • English
    There is hardly a field of science or engineering that does not have some interest in light scattering by small particles. For example, this subject is important to climatology because the energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere is strongly affected by scattering of solar radiation by cloud and aerosol particles, and the whole discipline of remote sensing relies largely on analyzing the parameters of radiation scattered by aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. The scattering of light by spherical particles can be easily computed using the conventional Mie theory. However, most small solid particles encountered in natural and laboratory conditions have nonspherical shapes. Examples are soot and mineral aerosols, cirrus cloud particles, snow and frost crystals, ocean hydrosols, interplanetary and cometary dust grains, and microorganisms. It is now well known that scattering properties of nonspherical particles can differ dramatically from those of "equivalent" (e.g., equal-volume or equal-surface-area) spheres. Therefore, the ability to accurately compute or measure light scattering by nonspherical particles in order to clearly understand the effects of particle nonsphericity on light scattering is very important. The rapid improvement of computers and experimental techniques over the past 20 years and the development of efficient numerical approaches have resulted in major advances in this field which have not been systematically summarized. Because of the universal importance of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, papers on different aspects of this subject are scattered over dozens of diverse research and engineering journals. Often experts in one discipline (e.g., biology) are unaware of potentially useful results obtained in another discipline (e.g., antennas and propagation). This leads to an inefficient use of the accumulated knowledge and unnecessary redundancy in research activities. This book offers the first systematic and unified discussion of light scattering by nonspherical particles and its practical applications and represents the state-of-the-art of this important research field. Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas and cover three major disciplines: theoretical and numerical techniques, laboratory measurements, and practical applications. An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of nonspherical scattering and should be especially useful to beginners and those interested in fast practical applications. The audience for this book will include graduate students, scientists, and engineers working on specific aspects of electromagnetic scattering by small particles and its applications in remote sensing, geophysics, astrophysics, biomedical optics, and optical engineering.

  • Physics of Glaciers

    • 3rd Edition
    • W. S. B. Paterson
    • English
    Explains the physical principles underlying the behaviour of glaciers and ice sheets and concludes with a chapter on the information about past climate and atmospheric composition obtainable from ice cores. The past 40 years have seen major advances in most aspects of the subject; the book concentrates on these. It is an updated and expanded version of the second edition, and is now available in the long-awaited paperback format. Much of the book deals with developments since the second edition was published.Dr Paterson's introduction to glacier studies was with the British North Greenland Expedition in 1953-4. He emigrated to Canada in 1957 and between 1959 and 1980 studied glaciers in the Canadian Arctic and the Rocky Mountains, mainly under the auspices of the Canadian Government's Polar Continental Shelf Project. Since 1980 he has done consulting work and has also been a visiting scientist with the Geophysics Department at the University of Copenhagen (three times) and with the Australian Antarctic Division. He has also given a comprehensive lecture course at the Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology in Lanzhou, China. He is now retired (more or less) and lives in British Columbia.

  • Surface Production Operations, Volume 2:

    Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities
    • 2nd Edition
    • Ken Arnold + 1 more
    • English
    This revised edition puts the most current information about gas-handling systems and facilities at your fingertips. The authors channeled their classroom and field experience into this volume, which features many new sections such as:* Heat recovery units* Kinetic inhibitors and anti-agglomerators* Trays and packing for distillation and absorption towers* Compressor valves* Foundation design considerations for reciprocating compressors* Pressure vessel issues and components * Nox reduction in engines and turbines* Safety management systemsThis book walks you through the equipment and processes used in gas-handling operations to help you design and manage a production facility. Production engineers will keep this volume on the desktop for the latest information on how to DESIGN, SPECIFY, and OPERATE gas-handling systems and facilities. The book allows engineers with little or background in production facility design to easily locate details about equipment, processes, and design parameters. With this volume, you will more completely comprehend the techniques of handling produced fluids from gas wells so your facility can be more efficient and productive.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 41
    • English
    This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars.

  • Shale Shaker and Drilling Fluids Systems:

    Techniques and Technology for Improving Solids Control Management
    • 1st Edition
    • American Assoc. of Drilling Engineers
    • English
    This comprehensive guide describes the various aspects of shale shaker design, applications, and improvements for maximizing efficiency.Drilling engineers will find technical data for better understanding and design of shale shakers; and foremen and derrickmen will discover valuable, practical insights to achieve optimum shaker performance. The guide helps prevent problems of solid controls by clearly describing design, application, and nomenclature of shale shakers, screens, and screen panels. In addition it explains many other aspects of complete solids control management.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    Index for Volumes 1-41
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 42
    • English
    This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    Long-Range Persistence in Geophysical Time Series
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 40
    • English
    Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 40 systematically compares many of the currently used statistical approaches to time series analysis and modeling to evaluate each method's robustness and application to geophysical datasets. This volume tackles the age-old problem of how to evaluate the relative roles of deterministic versus stochastic processes (signal vs noise) in their observations. The book introduces the fundamentals in sections titled "1.2 What is a Time Series? " and "1.3 How is a Time Series Quantified?", before diving into Spectral Analysis, Semivariograms, Rescaled-Range Analysis and Wavelet Analysis. The second half of the book applies their self-affine analysis to a number of geophysical time series (historical temperature records, drought hazard assessment, sedimentation in the context of hydrocarbon bearing strata, variability of the Earth's magnetic field).This volume explores in detail one of the main components of noise, that of long-range persistence or memory. The first chapter is a broad summary of theory and techniques of long-range persistence in time series; the second chapter is the application of long-range persistence to a variety of geophysical time series.

  • Applied Geothermics for Petroleum Engineers

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 48
    • I.M. Kutasov
    • English
    The purpose of Applied Geothermics for Petroleum Engineers is to present in a clear and concise form methods of utilizing the data of temperature surveys in deep boreholes as well as the results of field, laboratory and analytical investigations in geothermics to a wide audience. Although some aspects of the subject of this book have been discussed in several previous books and numerous papers, Applied Geothermics for Petroleum Engineers is the first book on this topic available to the petroleum engineering community.The objective of the book is to present the state of knowledge and prediction of downhole and formations temperatures during well drilling, well completion, shut-in and production.Applied Geothermics for Petroleum Engineers is intended for drilling engineers (impact of elevated temperatures on well drilling and completion technology, Arctic drilling), production engineers (temperature regime of production, injection and geothermal walls, Arctic production), reservoir engineers (temperature field of reservoirs, thermal properties of formations and formation fluids), well logging engineers (interpretation of electrical resistance, mud density, and temperature logs), and geophysicists and geologists (interpretation of geophysical data, calculation of the terrestrial heat flow, reconstruction of past climates).

  • Strategies for Optimizing Petroleum Exploration:

    Evaluate Initial Potential and Forecast Reserves
    • 1st Edition
    • Lev Knoring + 2 more
    • English
    Here is a valuable guide to appraise and develop petroleum resources. Geology largely determines exploration policy. This book analyzes the strategic connection between the two and shows how to improve decision making on appraising and developing petroleum resources. It examines and describes the internal patterns in finding oil and gas deposits and outlines a process to evaluate the resources. The book also provides a means for long-term reserve accrual forecasting and evaluation. It uses mathematical modeling as a method to evaluate the initial potential of an oil and gas region as well as a way to forecast future reserves. These models improve the reliability and validity of exploration forecasts and estimates. Strategies for Optimizing Petroleum Exploration helps petroleum engineers and explorationists focus and improve their reserve assessment and decision making. This book shows how to develop and appraise petroleum resources.

  • Rock Mass Classification

    A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering
    • 1st Edition
    • B. Singh + 1 more
    • English
    Rock Mass Classifications - A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering was written in response to the many unanswered questions regarding this subject. Questions such as - Is Classification reasonably reliable? Can it be successful in crisis management of geohazards? Can a single Classification system be general for all rock structures? Is Classification a scientific approach? Laborious field research was undertaken in the Himalayan mountains by a team of scientists from the Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI), University of Roorkee (UOR), Central Soil and Material Research Station (CSMRS), U.P. Irrigation Research Institute (UPIRI), and Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) to answer these questions. The results obtained from the research work were systematically compiled to produce this book which bears particular relevance to civil, mining and petroleum engineers and geologists.Endorseme... is a Handbook of Rock Engineering" - Zhao Jian, School of Civil & Structural Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore "I came across your new book - Rock Mass Classification, absolutely fantastic" - Subodh K. Jain, U.S.A

  • Fossil Nonmarine Ostracoda of the United States

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 16
    • F.M. Swain Jr.
    • English
    The geographic and stratigraphic distribution of fossil nonmarine Ostracoda in the United States are summarized in this book, followed by diagnoses of the subject species, references to literature and 34 plates of illustrations.This work shows the great diversity and usefulness of this interesting class of organisms which are small bivalved aquatic crustaceans that occupy both marine and nonmarine environments. Many are characteristic of estuarine and other tidal habitats, but only a few occupy hypersaline waters. One or two kinds are found in wet soils, or in leaf or flower cups in tropical rain forests. A few live in caves and others are commensal in gills of fish and other aquatic animals. Micropaleontologists have found their shells in many types of sedimentary rocks and have used them for stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretations.Thei... relatively rapid rates of evolution have made them useful in subsurface stratigraphy and their sensitivity to environmental changes has provided a means of recognizing variations in rock facies. In nonmarine aquatic rocks they are commonly the most easily recoverable microfossils, and have been widely used in petroleum exploration, notably in China, Russia, Brazil and the western United States.

  • Wind Generated Ocean Waves

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • I.R. Young
    • English
    The goals of wind wave research are relatively well defined: to be able to predict the wind wave field and its effect on the environment. That environment could be natural (beaches, the atmosphere etc.) or imposed by human endeavour (ports, harbours, coastal settlements etc.). Although the goals are similar, the specific requirements of these various fields differ considerably.This book attempts to summarise the current state of this knowledge and to place this understanding into a common frame work. It attempts to take a balanced approach between the pragmatic engineering view of requiring a short term result and the scientific quest for detailed understanding. Thus, it attempts to provide a rigorous description of the physical processes involved as well as practical predictive tools.

  • Microsatellites as Research Tools

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • F.-B. Hsiao
    • English
    In order to reflect the increasing importance and interest of the microsatellites in high technology and scientific applications in space, the Colloquium on Microsatellites as Research Tools was organized to promote its usage and technology development and to foster the international cooperation, especially in the area of the Asia pacific region.Attended by 150 participants from 18 countries the colloquium was organized into five major themes: regional development, lessons learned, innovations, scientific applications, and education. A special session was organized as well by the organizing committee and supported by the National Space Program Office to present its development of the Taiwan's satellite program and the current status of ROCSAT-1 which is scheduled to be launched at the beginning of 1999.Two main conclusions were drawn from the material presented: microsatellite in general is a very good means for doing space research and technology development, and a suitable vehicle to promote international collaborations.

  • Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • A.F. Bouwman
    • English
    This excellent book covers techniques used for extrapolating measurements of trace gas fluxes and factors regulating the production, consumption and exchange of trace gases in terrestrial and aquatic environments.It provides a comprehensive summary of all aspects of scaling, from flux measurement techniques, geographic data, modelling, use of tracers and isotopes, inverse modelling and satellite-borne atmospheric observations. An interesting feature of the book is the fact that both fluxes from terrestrial and aquatic (marine) sources are discussed, along with the uncertainties in estimates of trace gas fluxes at different scales, including point, field, landscape, regional and global scale.As well as reviewing the state of the art in the field of scaling of fluxes of greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosol and their precursors, and acidifying compounds, the emphasis of this volume is on identification of gaps in knowledge, finding solutions, and determination of future research directions.

  • Paleoclimatology

    Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 68
    • Raymond S. Bradley
    • English
    Raymond S. Bradley provides his readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all of the important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction, dating and paleoclimate modeling. Two comprehensive chapters on dating methods provide the foundation for all paleoclimatic studies and are followed by up-to-date coverage of ice core research, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, tree rings and historical records. New methods using alkenones in marine sediments and coral studies are also described. Paleoclimatology, Second Edition, is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying climatology, paleoclimatology and paleooceanography worldwide, as well as a valuable reference for lecturers and researchers, appealing to archaeologists and scientists interested in environmental change.

  • Analytical Solutions of Geohydrological Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 46
    • G.A. Bruggeman
    • English
    This book has been divided into two parts, A and B. Part A comprises analytical solutions of about 1100 geohydrological problems in the saturated zone. Classification of the problems according to certain characteristics.Part B consists of three chapters, describing the basic principles for saturated ground water flow, analytical solution methods and mathematical functions respectively.

  • Global Change Scenarios of the 21st Century

    Results from the IMAGE 2.1 Model
    • 1st Edition
    • J. Alcamo + 2 more
    • English
    Global Change Scenarios of the 21st Century informs readers of conceivable environmental changes in the next hundred years. Integrated scenarios are used to communicate large amounts of information about different aspects of the global environmental system, together with society's role within this system. Uniquely, the scenarios are generated by an integrated computer model, IMAGE 2.1, which enhances consistency and provides a framework for linking environmental and social aspects of global change.The book is divided into four parts, the volume begins by describing the model used to generate these scenarios, explaining its current features. This is followed by scenarios of changing climate, energy and food use, land cover, acidification, sea level and many other indicators of global change up to 2100. The long term consequences of actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are then explored in a section which uses the concepts of 'safe landing' and 'safe emission corridors' to address the connection between the long-term climate protection and short-term emission reductions. The final sections examines how the complicated and crucial issue of how complex global scenario information can be communicated to policy makers.

  • Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology

    • 1st Edition
    • C. Kendall + 1 more
    • English
    This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems.Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.

  • Advances in Geophysics

    Tsunamigenic Earthquakes and Their Consequences
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • English
    This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars. Volume 39 includes two articles detailing aspects of tsunamigenic earthquakes and their consequences.

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