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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 2 is a five-chapter text that considers the significant advances in various fields of hydroscience. Chapter 1 deals with the basic concept, hydrodynamics, methods of study, and case history of tsunami, while Chapter 2 focuses on chemical geohydrology, which treats the portion of the hydrological cycle that relates the chemical character of water to its environment. Chapter 3 concerns a subject in biohydrodynamics, namely, the hydrodynamic behavior of dolphins, with an emphasis of its application in controlling the natural environment. Chapter 4 describes the interaction of modern hydrodynamic analyses and experimental investigations, which has placed the design of complex hydraulic structures, such as ship locks. Chapter 5 discusses the modern technique of replenishing ground water by recharge, which has been practiced with great success in Los Angeles, California, and many other places around the world. This book will be of great value to hydrologists, scientists, and researchers who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of hydroscience.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 4
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 4 covers selected topics encompassing several areas of special interest in hydroscience, including naval architecture, water waves, subsurface water, engineering hydraulics, and stochastic hydrology. This volume is composed of seven chapters, and begins with a summary of the basic principles and theories involved in hovering craft operating over water, which should be of interest to naval architects who may design such vehicles for special purposes. The succeeding chapters deal with the significance of soil moisture theory in the design of foundations and land drainage systems, as well as the developments in understanding the theory of wind-generated waves. These topics are followed by discussions on the mode of operation and different types of hydraulic jumps and the basic probability concepts of stochastic reservoir theory. The final chapter the fundamentals of surface winds, wind fields, and wind stress and their role in formation of storm surge. This book is of value to hydrologists, naval architects, agronomists, and agricultural civil engineers.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 5
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 5 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the Mössbauer effect in surface science; the surface functional groups on carbon and silica; and the wetting phenomena pertaining to adhesion. The text also describes the physical state of phospholipids and cholesterol in monolayers, bilayers, and membranes; the characteristics of heterocoagulation; and the effects of calcium on excitable membranes and neurotransmitter action. Chemists, physiologists, biophysicists, and civil engineers will find the book invaluable.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ada Swineford
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals, Volume 8 contains the proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals held in Norman, Oklahoma, on October 11-14, 1959 and sponsored by the Clay Minerals Committee of the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council in cooperation with the University of Oklahoma. The papers explore research findings as well as problems related to clays and clay minerals in many diverse disciplines. This volume is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with a description of clays and clay minerals present in Wichita Mountain area, southwestern Oklahoma, followed by an analysis of the correlations of kaolinite crystallinity with chemical and physical properties. An evaluation of the amount and distribution of montmorillonite in some kaolins found in Georgia and South Carolina is then presented. Subsequent chapters focus on the geology, mineralogy, and genesis of selected fireclays from Latah County, Idaho; chemical weathering of layer silicate clays in loess-derived Tama silt loam of southwestern Wisconsin; possible uses of clay minerals in the search for oil; and a geochemical method for determining paleosalinity. The final chapter presents the results of a mineralogical analysis of soil clays involving vermiculite-chlorite... differentiation. This book will appeal to geologists, geochemists, and mineralogists.

  • Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists

    Modelling with GIS
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 13
    • G.F. Bonham-Carter
    • Daniel F Merriam
    • English
    Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists is unique in its coverage of examples from the geological sciences, many centred on applications to mineral exploration. The underlying principles of GIS are stressed and emphasis placed on the analysis and modelling of spatial data with applications to site selection and potential mapping. The book commences with a definition of GIS and describes a case study of mapping mineral potential. The ways in which spatial data are organized with models (raster, vector, relational) are discussed and data structures, such as quadtrees and topological structures are introduced. Data input including digitizing, geographic projections and conversions is covered together with output (visualization, representation of colour and spatial query). Spatial data transformations are dealt with thoroughly and attention is paid to map analysis and modelling as related to single maps, map pairs and multiple maps respectively. Methods of quantifying the associations between pairs of maps are emphasized. Finally, examples of landfill site selection and mineral potential mapping illustrate the application of map algebra for combining maps and tables with models, employing Boolean logic, index weighting, fuzzy logic and probability methods such as weights of evidence. There is an extensive glossary of terms, and references accompany each chapter. Contains 40 pages of colour illustrations.

  • Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions

    With Special Reference to Data from Fluid Inclusions
    • 1st Edition
    • N. P. Yermakov
    • Edwin Roedder
    • English
    Research on the Nature of Mineral-Forming Solutions is the first book on the subject of fluid inclusions. This book contains observational data and studies of mineral-forming solutions done in the Soviet Union. The description and natural classification of inclusion in minerals according to their composition and state are discussed. Gaseous, liquefied, and solidified inclusions that are found in minerals and their significance are considered important in determining the presence and availability of the mineral. For example, any earlier or contemporaneous minerals that are found only in their host crystals can be determined by analyzing the presence of solid inclusions. The origin and genetic classifications of liquid and gaseous inclusions, being both abundant in hypogene ore deposits, are explained. Other less common methods in the study of inclusions, besides homogenization of inclusions by heating under the microscope, are forwarded. The authors believe that exact measurements of the homogenization temperature are possible and therefore can serve as a precise indicator in understanding the process of formation of individual crystals and hydrothermal deposits. Other studies of the All-Union Research Institute of Piezo-optical Mineral Raw Materials are also discussed. This collection of monographs will prove invaluable to mineralogists, geologists, and research-chemists studying minerals and ore deposits.

  • Recent Crustal Movements

    • 1st Edition
    • N. Pavoni + 1 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 9: Recent Crustal Movements covers the papers presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements, held in Zurich, Switzerland on August 26-31, 1974. The book focuses on geodetic investigations, geological-geomorpho... investigations, geophysical investigations, in-situ stress measurements/crustal stresses, seismotectonics/acti... faults, and plate tectonics/continenta... drift. The book first takes a look at tectonic-plate motions from lunar ranging and long baseline interferometry for centimeter accuracy geodetic measurements. Discussions focus on proposed transportable lunar laser ranging station; expected plate-motion measurements from present lunar-ranging stations; and pacific plate motion experiment. The text then ponders on precision electromagnetic distance-measuring instrument for determining secular strain and fault movement and deep in-situ stress measurements by hydrofracturing. The publication ponders on geotectonic relevance of rock-stress determinations, thermal runaway in the mantle and neotectonics, and data on plate tectonics of Alaska. The text also elaborates on geodetic surveys for monitoring crustal movements in the United States and determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. The manuscript is a vital source of data for readers interested in crustal movements.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference, Berkeley, California
    • 1st Edition
    • S. W. Bailey
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals documents the proceedings of the 14th National Conference in Berkeley, California. This book focuses on the structure and quantitative analysis, surface reactivity, genesis, and synthesis of clays and clay minerals. Topics discussed include status of clay mineral structures; layer charge relations in clay minerals of micaceous soils and sediments; mechanical force fields in a clay mineral particle system; and kinetics of decomposition of cobalt coordination complexes on montmorillonite surfaces. The factors affecting the frequency distribution of clay minerals in soils; stability of brucite in the weathering zone of the new Idria serpentinite; and interrelationships of physical and chemical properties of kaolinites are also elaborated in this publication. This compilation is beneficial to students and researchers conducting work on clay mineral studies.

  • Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Science
    • 1st Edition
    • Harold C. Helgeson
    • Dean Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Complexing and Hydrothermal Ore Deposition provides a synthesis of fact, theory, and interpretative speculation on hydrothermal ore-forming solutions. This book summarizes information and theory of the internal chemistry of aqueous electrolyte solutions accumulated in previous years. The scope of the discussion is limited to those aspects of particular interest to the geologist working on the problem of hydrothermal ore genesis. Wherever feasible, fundamental principles are reviewed. Portions of this text are devoted to calculations of specific hydrothermal equilibriums in multicomponent solutions at elevated temperatures, including a general examination and evaluation of the solution chemistry and geochemical parameters involved in aqueous transport and deposition of the ore-forming metals. This publication is intended for geologists, but is also beneficial for students conducting research on the components of soil and rock.

  • Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods

    • 1st Edition
    • M. R. Clarke + 1 more
    • English
    Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods examines information that throws new light on the evolution of coleoids. This book is part of a multivolume work, The Mollusca, which attempts to provide comprehensive treatment of major areas of molluscan research. The Mollusca is intended to serve several disciplines—zoology, biochemistry, physiology, and paleontology. It will prove useful to researchers and to all others with interests in mollusks. The book begins with a review of the main features of cephalopod evolution. This is followed by separate chapters on the evolution of the gladius in coleoids; the buccal mass of Cephalopoda; beaks of living coleoid Cephalopoda; cephalopod hooks; statoliths of cephalopods; buoyancy and locomotion in recent cephalopods; and evolution of the cephalopod brain and cephalopod statocyst. Subsequent chapters deal with the photophore structure and evolution within the Enoploteuthinae; the interrelationships of genera within the Ommastrephidae; evolutionary pathways traversed by the cephalopod family Cranchiidae; the cephalopod fauna of the European Mediterranean; and the evolution of recent cephalopods.

  • Hydrology

    An Advanced Introduction to Hydrological Processes and Modelling
    • 1st Edition
    • Arved J. Raudkivi
    • English
    Hydrology: An Advanced Introduction to Hydrological Processes and Modelling introduces the reader to hydrological processes and methods of estimation of the various quantities involved. Topics covered range from elements of meteorology to precipitation, evaporation and transpiration, interception, and flood routing. Extreme events, design flood, and small catchment runoff are also discussed. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of hydrology and the hydrologic cycle, along with the world's water resources and their utilization and management. Subsequent chapters deal with atmospheric thermodynamics and atmospheric circulation; analysis and measurement of precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, and interception; infiltration of groundwater; and reservoir and stream routing. Storage for flood control and regulation for abatement of water shortage are also considered, along with stratification and siltation of reservoirs, catchment yield, and sediment yield and transport. The final chapter highlights the importance of information analysis and decision making in hydrological work. This monograph is written for senior and postgraduate students and should also be of value to practitioners of physics, mathematics, and civil engineering.

  • Predictive Geology

    With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal
    • 1st Edition
    • Ghislain De Marsily + 1 more
    • English
    Predictive Geology: With Emphasis on Nuclear-Waste Disposal covers the proceedings of papers presented at sessions sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology. The topics that this book tackles are issues relevant to nuclear-waste disposal. The first chapter discusses the use of plate tectonics as a catastrophe theoretic model, and the second chapter covers geologic predictions and radioactive waste disposal. Chapter 3 also talks about radioactive waste disposal, with emphasis on the application of predictive geology. Chapter 4 discusses salt domes and Chapter 5 tackles the use of fault-tree analysis for probabilistic assessment of radioactive-waste segregation. The sixth chapter covers predictive geology in nuclear-waste management, while the seventh chapter tackles nuclear power on unstable ground. The eighth chapter deals with long-term thermohydrologic behavior of nuclear-waste repositories. Chapter 9 discusses the influence of faulting on groundwater flow and contaminant transport, while chapter 10 covers the influence of microfissures in crystalline rock on radionuclide migration. The eleventh chapter tackles the long-term prediction of the fate of nuclear waste deeply buried in granite, and the twelfth chapter talks about the use of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of geologic knowledge in exploration for petroleum. The last chapter deals with resource-estimation models and predicted discovery. Researchers and professionals concerned with the effects of radioactive materials to the environment will find this book a great source of information.

  • Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers

    The Elements of Geophysical Prospecting
    • 2nd Edition
    • D. H. Griffiths + 1 more
    • English
    Covers the fundamentals of all currently used methods (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, borehole logging and remote sensing) and pays special attention to the seismic refraction and electrical resistivity techniques which are the ones most commonly used in engineering and groundwater geophysics. The main changes in this new edition of Applied Geophysics for Engineers and Geologists, apart from a general updating, and conversion to SI units, is a more extensive treatment of electromagnetic and induced polarisation methods, and of geophysical borehole logging. The seismic reflection method is also treated more fully in view of its great importance in petroleum prospecting. Problems, with answers are also included. Taken together, the changes are so great that this is virtually a new book, as is suggested by the change in title

  • Geological Strain Analysis

    A Manual for the Rf/Ø Method
    • 1st Edition
    • R. J. Lisle
    • English
    The trend towards a more quantitative approach in structural geology has stimulated the development of a number of techniques for determining the strain in deformed rocks of which the most widely used is one called the Rf/&fgr; method. With more than 100 applications of the technique published in the literature this is a timely work, describing as it does the practicalities of the method and its recent refinements. The comprehensive collection of standard graphs, indispensable for the determination of the strain, has never previously been widely available.

  • Isotope Chronostratigraphy

    Theory and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas F. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    Isotope Chronostratigraphy: Theory and Methods covers the concept of isotope chronostratigraphy. The book discusses the principles of interpretation, the methodology, as well as the synthesis of the oxygen and carbon isotope records of the Tertiary. The text also describes the detailed studies of the tertiary delta 18O and delta 13 C records by epoch; the stable isotopic evidence for and against sea level changes during the cenozoic; and the prospects for applying isotope chronostratigraphy to exploration wells. The paleobathymetric models using the delta 18O of foraminifera; the empirical approaches to isotope chronostratigraphy; and the quantitative methods of analysis are also considered. The book further tackles the semblance methods; the filter and deconvolution techniques; the frequency domain methods; and the maximum entropy and Q-model methods. Petroleum geologists and stratigraphers will find the text invaluable.

  • Afrique de l'Ouest

    Introduction Géologique et Termes Stratigraphiques
    • 1st Edition
    • J.M. Bertrand + 2 more
    • J. Fabre
    • English

  • The Earth's Age and Geochronology

    • 1st Edition
    • Derek York + 1 more
    • English
    The Earth's Age and Geochronology provides an outline of geochronological methods, applications, and interpretations. This book discusses the fossil fission track method of dating. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of an accurate chronometer for measuring time intervals that must contain some sort of mechanism in which it operates at a predictable or known rate. This text then discusses the methodology of dating as well as the importance of long cooling histories. Other chapters consider the application of the experimental method to idealized, undisturbed systems. This book discusses as well the concept that in plutonic environments daughter isotope retention may often not commence until long after crystallization, or the peak of metamorphism. The final chapter deals with the applications of geochronology wherein the effects of selectivity will be particularly evident. This book is a valuable resource for nuclear physicists, astronomers, geologists, cosmologists, geochronologists, experimentalists, and scientists.

  • Stormwater Modeling

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald E. Overton + 1 more
    • English
    Stormwater Modeling presents the fundamentals of deterministic, parametric, and stochastic stormwater modeling. It is assumed that the reader or student will have a basic background in science or engineering; however, the authors are of the opinion that one can comfortably read and understand this treatise with a fundamental knowledge of calculus and differential equations. The book has been written with the intent of reaching an audience concerned primarily with evaluating the effects of land use on stormwater for the purpose of doing feasibility studies, planning, and/or design work. The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses various modeling concepts such as the definition of a mathematical model, the systems approach to model building, examples of parametric and deterministic modeling, and stormwater model optimization. Part II on deterministic modeling covers the modeling of overland and open channel flow; kinematic flow approximation; and estimation of time of concentration using kinematic wave theory. Part III covers parametric modeling and includes chapters on model optimization;. analysis of the effects of urbanization and logging on stormwater; and evaluation of the effects of strip coal mining on watershed hydrologic response. Parts IV and V deal with stochastic stormwater modeling and stormwater quality modeling, respectively.

  • Your Solar Energy Home

    Including Wind and Methane Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Derek Howell
    • English
    Your Solar Energy Home: Including Wind and Methane Applications considers the worldwide domestic use of solar energy. This book is divided into 18 chapters that also cover the consumption of wind energy and methane. The opening chapters present data on solar energy usage in various countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada. The succeeding chapters deal with the collection and storage of solar energy, as well as the design and production of solar collector. Other chapters describe scheme for solar home heating and solar domestic hot water. These topics are followed by discussions of wind and water power schemes. The final chapters highlight the production, use, and economics of methane gas.

  • Recent Progress in Surface Science

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Recent Progress in Surface Science, Volume 2 is a 10-chapter text that covers the significant advances in some aspects of surface science, including in catalysis, genetic control of cell surface, and cell membrane. The opening chapter deals with the major factors affecting adsorption at the gas-solid interface. The subsequent chapters explore the advances in understanding of heterogeneous catalysis in terms of fundamental surface processes, as well as the concept of dynamic contact angles. These topics are followed by discussions on emulsions, flotation, and the extraordinary complexity of cell surface structures and their chemical components. Other chapters consider the experimental studies on the physiology of pinocytosis and the principles of plastron respiration. The final chapters are devoted to the isolation, characterization, and electronmicroscopic studies of cell membrane. This book is of value to surface scientists, cell biologists, and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons

    • 1st Edition
    • M.H.P. Bott
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 12: Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons focuses on the formation, movements, characteristics, and evolution of sedimentary basins of continental margins and cratons. The selection first offers information on mechanisms of basin subsidence and rheology of the lithosphere. Discussions focus on hypotheses of basin subsidence mechanism, testing the hypotheses, elastic properties and flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, and rheology of young continental margins. The text then elaborates on flexure of the lithosphere and continental margin basins and thermal and mechanical evolution of the Michigan basin. The book ponders on the formation of sedimentary basins of graben type by extension of the continental crust and major synchronous events in continental shelves. Topics include inception of shelf development, mid-cretaceous change, taphrogenic subsidence, and energy budget of wedge subsidence mechanism. The manuscript also examines development of graben associated with the initial ruptures of the Atlantic Ocean and observations on the processes of sedimentary basin formation at the margins of Southern Africa. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of continental margins.

  • Mechanism of Graben Formation

    Selected Papers of an ICG Symposium Held During the 17th IUGG General Assembly, Canberra, Australia, December 5, 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • J. H. Illies
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 17: Mechanism of Graben Formation covers the papers of an ICG Symposium held during the 17th IUGG General Assembly in Canberra, Australia on December 5, 1979. The book focuses on the formation, behavior, and mechanisms of grabens. The selection first offers information on crustal doming and the mechanism of continental rifting, mechanisms of continental riftogenesis, and thermal regimes, mantle diapirs, and crustal stresses of continental rifts. The text then ponders on crustal uplift and the propagation of failure zones and parameterized rift development and upper mantle anomalies. The publication surveys the continental rift system of the Rhinegraben-structur... physical properties, and dynamical processes and an example of the intrusion of asthenospheric material into the lithosphere as the cause of disruption of lithospheric plates. Regional stress field and rifting in Western Europe and the nature of greenstone belts in the Precambrian are also discussed. The selection is a dependable source of information for geologists and readers interested in the formation of grabens.

  • Empirical Metallogeny

    Depositional Environments, Lithologic Associations and Metallic Ores
    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Laznicka
    • English
    Empirical Metallogeny: Depositional Environments, Lithologic Associations, and Metallic Ores, Vol. 1: Phanerozoic Environments, Associations, and Deposits, Part B focuses on the composition, characteristics, properties, and reactions of Phanerozoic metallic ore deposits. The book first offers information on intracrustal and subcrustal environments and plutonic granite, diorite, (gabbro) association (GDG) and its aureole. Discussions focus on petrography, origin, and setting of GDG plutonic rocks; mineralization styles associated with Phanerozoic (higher-level) granite, diorite, (gabbro) association; copper skarns and carbonate replacements; and magnetite skarn and replacement deposits. Manganese, uranium, antimony, mercury, and arsenic deposits, hydrothermal iron ores, and hydrothermal-plutoni... silver deposits are also discussed. The publication also takes a look at high- to medium-grade metamorphosed terrains, katazonal granites and pegmatites and continental fragmentation, rifts, and paleo-rifts. Topics include examples of modern rift and taphrogenic systems; mineralization styles in and related to the zone of ultrametamorphism and granitization; and petrography, origin, and setting of high-grade metamorphic terrains. The text is a valuable reference for readers interested in the study of Phanerozoic metallic ore deposits.

  • Refrigeration Processes

    A Practical Handbook on the Physical Properties of Refrigerants and their Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • N. S. Billington
    • English
    A comprehensive applications-oriente... treatment of the subject in two parts. The first part forms a useful introduction to basic principles dealing with the definitions of the physical properties and outlines the method of their calculation. The second part is devoted to calculated data on a range of refrigerants by means of extensive tables and diagrams. The treatment takes the form of a data sheet, one for each of about thirty refrigerants; this data sheet gives the essential information from which close approximations of pressure, temperature, volume and enthalpy can be made for any predicted conditions. Following this is a set of tables of saturation properties in both Imperial and SI/Metric Units, where they are available. Pressure Enthalpy charts follow the tables. The refrigerants are arranged in the order of the now almost universally accpeted numerical classification introduced by the American Standards Association and adopted by the British Standards Institution. All the information is clearly indexed and readily accessible, and will prove invaluable to all students who require a sound background knowledge and understanding of the subject, and practising engineers will find it an indispensable source of reference

  • Biological Oceanographic Processes

    • 3rd Edition
    • Timothy R. Parsons + 2 more
    • English
    This revised edition of a popular textbook is written for students, physical oceanographers, engineers, hydrologists, fisheries experts and a number of other professionals who require quantitative expressions of biological oceanographic phenomena. It is designed to lead the reader, step by step, through a progression from the distribution of marine organisms, to discussions on trophic relations, to a final chapter on some practical applications of biological oceanography to fisheries and pollution problems. The book covers subject matter in the pelagic and benthic environments, and is intended to bridge the gap between entirely descriptive oceanography texts and works on the mathematical modelling of marine ecosystems.

  • Transistors

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. M. Kendall
    • English
    Transistors covers the main thread of transistor development. This book is organized into 2 parts encompassing 19, and starts with an overview of the semi-conductor physics pertinent to the understanding of transistors, as well as features and applications of the point contact devices and junction devices. The subsequent part deals with the modulation of conductance of thin films of conductors by surface charges, the metal-semi conductor, and the semi-conductor triode. These topics are followed by discussions on the nature of the forward current, physical principles in transistor, the hole injection in transistor, and the double-surface transistor in which the emitter and collector contacts bear on the two opposite faces of a thin wedge or slab of semiconductor. Other papers describe the effects of electrical forming on the rectifying barrier, the junction in semiconductors and transistors, the theory of Alpha for diffused junction transistors, and a high frequency diffused transistor. The last chapters consider unipolar, analog, and thin film transistors This book will be of value to physicists and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography

    A Practical Manual
    • 1st Edition
    • John A. Matthews
    • W. B. Fisher
    • English
    Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual is a practical introduction to some quantitative and statistical techniques of use to geographers and related scientists. This book is composed of 15 chapters, each begins with an outline of the purpose and necessary mechanics of a technique or group of techniques and is concluded with exercises and the particular approach adopted. These exercises aim to enhance student's ability to use the techniques as part of the process by which sound judgments are made according to scientific standards while tackling complex problems. After a brief introduction to the principles of quantitative and statistical geography, this book goes on dealing with the topics of measures of central tendency; probability statements and maps; the problem of time-dependence, time-series analysis, non-normality, and data transformations; and the elements of sampling methodology. Other chapters cover the confidence intervals and estimation from samples, statistical hypothesis testing, analysis of contingency tests, and non-parametric tests for independent and dependent samples. The final chapters consider the evaluation of correlation coefficients, regression prediction, and choice and limitations of statistical techniques. This book is of value to undergraduate geography students.

  • Biometeorology

    Proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress Held at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, 4–10 Sept. 1960, Organized by The International Society of Biometeorology
    • 1st Edition
    • S. W. Tromp
    • English
    Biometeorology is based on the proceedings of the Second International Bioclimatological Congress, held at The Royal Society of Medicine, London in September 1960. This book is a collection of selected reports from participating members of The International Society of Biometeorology. The compendium covers a wide range of issues related to the study of the direct and indirect interrelations between the geophysical and geochemical factors of the atmospheric environment and living organisms: plants, animals, and human. The book is divided into four main sections; themes are selected for the congress. The first theme covers topics on high altitude bioclimatology such as the physiological aspects of life at extreme altitudes. The second theme is about tropical bioclimatology or aspects of plant and animal life in tropical climates. The third deals with bioclimatological classifications, which is about the relations between the climate and the distribution of the living species on the Earth. The fourth theme, meteoro-pathological forecasting, discusses the consequences of anticipated meteorological conditions and weather types on living organisms. The text will be of use to biologists, health professionals, zoologists, botanists, agriculturists, sociologists, meteorologists, and ecologists.

  • Island Arcs

    Japan and Its Environs
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Sugimura + 1 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 3: Island Arcs: Japan and its Environs focuses on geophysical and geological characteristics of island arcs. The book first reviews the geophysical and geological features of island arcs, including topography, crust and upper mantle structure, seismicity, direction of principal stresses of earthquakes, crustal deformation and fault systems, and geological structure. The distributions of Cenozoic volcanoes and hot springs, petrology of volcanic rocks, magnetic fields, and anomaly of electrical conductivity are also discussed. The publication also takes a look at the Cenozoic history of the Japanese Islands relative to the formation of island arcs. The Quaternary tectonic movements of Japan are reviewed. The text ponders on the processes under island arcs, such as generation and ascent of primary magma; convection current descending under island arcs; island arc tectonics and oceanic ridge tectonics; and mechanical process inferred from seismic wave radiation. The text is a valuable reference for geologists and readers interested in island arcs.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 7
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 7 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the theoretical and experimental aspects of the van der Waals forces; the electric double layer on the semiconductor-electr... interface; and the long-range and short-range order in adsorbed films. The text also describes the hydrodynamical theory of surface shear viscosity; the structure and properties of monolayers of synthetic polypeptides at the air-water interface; and the structure and molecular dynamics of water. The role of glycoproteins in cell adhesion is also considered. Physicists, zoologists, molecular biologists, and scientists involved in the study of electrochemistry will find the book invaluable.

  • Beginner's Guide to Gemmology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Peter G Read
    • English
    Beginner's Guide to Gemmology presents the profiles of the principal gem materials. This book discusses the interesting characteristics of gemstones as the growing consumer market jewelry resulted in increased sales of gem testing instruments. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the development of the science of gemmology. This text then explains the fundamental qualities necessary in a gem, including color, hardness, specific gravity, crystallography, refractive index, pleochroism, critical angle, luminescence, and absorption spectra. Other chapters consider the organic gem materials, including amber, ivory, coral, tortoiseshell, jet, ebony, and pearl. This book discusses as well the various methods used in the production of man-made gemstones and the commercial use in gem testing. The final chapter deals with the composition of synthetic gemstones. This book is a valuable resource for gemmologists and jewelers. Students who intend to become a qualified gemologist will also find this book extremely useful.

  • Descriptive Physical Oceanography

    An Introduction
    • 4th Edition
    • George L. Pickard + 1 more
    • English
    Descriptive Physical Oceanography: An Introduction, Fourth Enlarged Edition considers the synoptic or descriptive aspects of physical oceanography with considerable illustrative materials and some 45 additional figures. This book is divided into nine chapters, and begins with an introduction to the basic goal of physical oceanographic study. The next chapters describe the features of the ocean basins, physical properties of seawater, and the ocean's distribution of water characteristics. These topics are followed by discussions of the conservation of seawater volume and salt; the techniques and methods of physical oceanography; and the general features of the main ocean circulations, as well as the circulation and character of the water masses in the individual oceans. The final chapters examine some of the characteristics of coastal oceanography. This book will prove useful to undergraduate and graduate students with oceanography and related subjects.

  • Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits

    Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations, New York
    • 1st Edition
    • Sam Stuart
    • English
    Recent Advances in Mining and Processing of Low-Grade and Submarginal Mineral Deposits reviews advances in the mining and processing of low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits, taking into account the environmental considerations that increasingly are being regarded as a necessary prerequisite to acceptable mineral resources development. The focus is on marginal and sub-marginal ores, as well as ores of above normal cut-off grades which for some reason cannot be mined and/or processed economically at current technological or economic levels. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of low-grade ore potential, followed by a discussion on the theoretical and practical aspects of in situ mining. Block cave-in place leaching, biological leaching of sulfide ores, and nuclear chemical mining of primary copper sulfides are also considered. Subsequent chapters explore the economics and safety of nuclear chemical copper mining; hydrometallurgy of low-grade copper ores; trends in process metallurgy; and environmental aspects of mining and processing low-grade and submarginal mineral deposits. This monograph should be of interest to mining officials and professionals.

  • Monitoring Solar Heating Systems

    A Practical Handbook
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Ferraro + 2 more
    • English
    Monitoring Solar Heating Systems: A Practical Handbook focuses on the CEC Performance Monitoring Group’s objective to draw conclusions on benefits of installing solar heating systems in different parts of the European Economic Community. This book notes that small numbers of domestic solar heating systems have been built and installed in Europe, both in private homes and, more often, in homes built as part of national research and development programs. To demonstrate the value of solar energy and to monitor the behavior and output of solar heating systems, performance monitoring systems have been installed to collect the relevant performance data. Various recommendations are made and mentioned in Chapter 2, while several materials have been drawn together to assist those without previous detailed experience in this field to gain insight into monitoring the solar heat systems; these discussions are included in Chapters 3 and 4. This text also covers the monitoring of solar assisted active space heating systems, solar assisted passive space heating systems, and solar assisted domestic hot water systems. This book is a useful reference for those involved in monitoring the solar heating systems, who consider their task in light of the experience of others.

  • Plate Tectonics

    • 1st Edition
    • Xavier Le Pichon + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 6: Plate Tectonics focuses on the exposition of the plate-tectonics hypothesis, as well as plate boundaries, stratification, and kinematics. The book first offers information on the rheological stratification of the mantle and kinematics of relative movements. Topics include lithosphere, asthenosphere, kinematics of finite motions, measurements of instantaneous movements, and worldwide kinematic pattern. The text then ponders on movements relative to a frame external to the plates and processes at accreting plate boundaries. Discussions focus on reference frames, paleomagnetic synthesis, creation of oceanic crust, and continental rifts. The publication elaborates on processes at consuming plate boundaries, including sinking plate model, structure of trenches and associated island arcs and cordilleras, and consumption of continent-bearing lithosphere. The text is a valuable source of data for readers interested in plate tectonics.

  • Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns: Rockstore 77

    Proceedings of the First International Symposium, Stockholm, 5–8 September 1977
    • 1st Edition
    • Magnus Bergman
    • English

  • Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerome G. Morse
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 7: Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production elaborates on the status of applicable nuclear techniques used in mineral exploration and production. The selection first offers information on radiometric methods and X-ray analysis in mineral exploration. Discussions focus on gamma-ray spectrometry, radon detection, autoradiography of uranium and thorium, X-ray diffraction, and application of X-ray analysis. The text then examines X-ray fluorescence geochemical analysis on the surface of Mars and radioactivation methods, as well as nuclear geochemical measurements of planetary surface; radioactivation methods for mineral exploration; and radioactivation sources. The publication takes a look at nuclear well logging for petroleum and the potential of plowshare for resource development. Topics include natural radiation, induced logs, description of potential applications related to energy resources, and obstacles to the development of a commercial plowshare program in the U.S. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the use of nuclear techniques in mineral production and exploration.

  • Geological Maps

    • 1st Edition
    • B. Simpson
    • F. H. T. Rhodes
    • English
    Designed for use by students studying geological maps for the first time and principally concerned with the sheet-like bodies of sedimentary and igneous rocks. Although it is an introductory volume, the student can use it with the minimum of supervision and teaching because, contrary to other books, the approach adopted is the actual presentation of the process of solution of geological maps rather than the presentation of geological map exercises. The book is intended for Geology students in schools and technical colleges, and for first-year geology and civil engineering courses.

  • Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • James R. Wait
    • English
    Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications deals with the subject of overvoltage (or induced electrical polarization) as it relates to geophysical exploration. This book presents the results of theoretical and experimental research conducted between 1946 and 1958 to investigate overvoltage and sponsored by Newmont Mining Corporation. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a brief overview of the history of Newmont's interest in overvoltage. The next chapter describes a theory for induced polarization effects (for step-function excitation), with particular reference to a mathematical formulation that represents the volume distribution of dipolar sources. The reader is then introduced to a brief theoretical derivation for the effective conductivity and dielectric constant of a homogeneous medium loaded with a uniform distribution of spherical conducting particles. The following chapters explore the complex conductivity of rocks as a function of frequency; laboratory studies of induced polarization in mineralized and non-mineralized rock specimens; induced polarization decay curves on rock specimens; and phenomena resulting from electric polarization of rocks at low frequencies. Some electrical transient measurements on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are presented. The final chapter considers various explanations of the normal effect and describes induced-polarization experiments. This monograph will be of interest to geophysicists.

  • Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour

    Prepared by an Open University Course Team
    • 2nd Edition
    • John M. Wright + 1 more
    • Gerry Bearman
    • English
    Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour provides a comprehensive introduction to marine science. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydrological cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and their combined influence on density, stability, and vertical water movements are discussed in Chapters 2 to 4. The fifth chapter describes the behavior of light and sound in seawater and provides examples of the application of acoustics to oceanography. Chapter 6 examines the composition and behavior of the dissolved constituents of seawater, covering minor and trace constituents and major ions, as well as dissolved gases and biologically important nutrients. Residence times, speciation, and carbonate equilibria are also deliberated. The last chapter provides a short review of ideas about the history of seawater, involvement of the oceans in global cycles, and their relationship to climatic change. This publication is beneficial to oceanographers and marine biologists, including students that are interested in marine science.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 4
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 4 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses waves at interfaces; recent investigations on the thickness of surface layers; and surface analysis by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. The text also describes the anode electrolyte interface; the interactions of adsorbed proteins and polypeptides at interfaces; and peptide-induced ion transport in synthetic and biological membranes. The monolayer adsorption on crystalline surfaces is also considered. Chemists and metallurgists will find the book invaluable.

  • Atmospheric Phenomena

    The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir with Contributions in Memoriam Including a Complete Bibliography of His Works
    • 1st Edition
    • C. Guy Suits
    • English
    Atmospheric Phenomenon is composed of different essays written or co-authored by Irving Langmuir. The essays explore the different parts that form the atmosphere. A section of the book describes the evaporation of small spheres. Another section is about the radial flow in rotating liquids. The book also covers the light signals in aviation and navigation. An essay that describes the airplane tracks in the surface of stratus clouds is then provided. Some of the essays contained in a section in the book focus on the process of cloud seeding. This section explores such topics as smoke filters, cloud droplets, and water droplet trajectories. Another section in the book is especially devoted to the methods of cloud seeding using dry ice, silver iodide, and sodium chloride. The book can be a useful tool for aviation scientists, engineers in the field of aerial navigation, and individuals whose field of study is mainly on weather manipulation and control.

  • Hydrogen Power

    An Introduction to Hydrogen Energy and Its Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • L. O. Williams
    • English
    Hydrogen Power: An Introduction to Hydrogen Energy and its Applications explains how hydrogen is produced, used, and handled and shows that the use of chemical hydrogen power has enormous advantages as an energy storage, transport, and use medium. Organized into seven chapters, this book first describes the chemical and physical properties of hydrogen. Subsequent chapters elucidate the current industrial uses of hydrogen, methods of producing hydrogen, and hydrogen transportation and storage. Hydrogen safety and environmental considerations are also addressed.

  • Solar Energy in Developing Countries

    An Overview and Buyers' Guide for Solar Scientists and Engineers
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Eggers-Lura
    • English
    Solar Energy in Developing Countries is a documentation report with bibliography on solar energy research and development in developing countries such as those in Asia, Central and South America, Africa, and Middle East. Institutions in developed countries with solar activities of interest to developing countries are included. This volume consists of seven chapters and opens with an overview of the study followed by a discussion on solar activities of relevance to developing countries, focusing on the work of international or supranational organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Economic Community. The following chapters deal with the state of the art of solar energy applications as well as solar R&D work in developing countries, including solar distillation, solar cooking and drying, and solar refrigeration and air conditioning. Information and addresses on sources of literature, hardware and equipment are also provided, along with a detailed and comprehensive bibliography (mostly with abstracts). This book is intended for solar scientists and engineers, government officials, and others who are interested in solar R&D work in developing countries.

  • Basic Hydrology

    • 1st Edition
    • James J Sharp + 1 more
    • English
    BASIC Hydrology offers a wide discussion on hydrology. The text contains the combined application of BASIC programming and engineering discipline along with various related studies, facts, and guidelines. In Chapter 1, the book focuses on defining BASIC hydrology and discussing what kind of a programming language BASIC is. The chapter’s introduction notes that BASIC stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. In Chapter 2, the book highlights the elements of hydrology and presents a table containing information on the world distribution of water. The next couple of chapters discuss precipitation, evaporation, and its relevant subtopics; these chapters also include tables, figures, and math formulas. Chapter 5 widely talks about frequency and provides the topic’s definition, related math formulas, and illustrations. In the three remaining chapters, the book discusses the stream flow, the unit of hydrology, and the supply and demand of water. These topics also include explanations, math formulas, and illustrations. The book serves as a valuable reference for undergraduates or postgraduates of engineering, chemistry, physics, and other relevant courses.

  • Nuclear Geophysics

    Selected Papers on Applications of Nuclear Techniques in Minerals Exploration, Mining and Process Control
    • 1st Edition
    • C.G. Clayton
    • English
    Nuclear techniques are critical in the exploration for oil and in the control of oil wells, and intrinsic to uranium exploration. This volume includes comprehensive review articles by internationally eminent scientists and engineers, on a wide variety of techniques and applications in the area of nuclear geophysics, including important new techniques and equipment being developed for use in the metalliferous and industrial minerals industries. Also included is a description of neutron interaction methods now being introduced to give a total elemental analysis, calorific value and ash-content, on-line.

  • Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

    Proceedings of a Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Ahmad M.S. Al-Shanti
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, Volume 2 documents the proceedings of a Symposium on the Arabian-Nubian Shield. This book is divided into five main topics — structure and evolution; metallogenesis; plutonic rocks; metamorphic rocks; and ophiolites. In these topics, this text specifically discusses the Precambrian tectonics of North-East Africa; cratonic ore provinces separated by continental drift; peralkaline granite in the western part of the Arabian Shield; and Semail ophiolite and associated massive sulfide deposits. The Upper Proterozoic volcanic activity in the northern Arabian Shield; ore controls at the Mahd adh Dhahab gold mine; shallow intrusive granites from Egypt and their relation to mineralization; and chromites from the Al'Ays and Semail complex are also deliberated. This text is a good reference for students and individuals interested in the exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks on the borders of the Red Sea.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 8
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 8 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the applications of statistical mechanics to physical adsorption; the impact of electron spectroscopy and cognate techniques on the study of solid surfaces; and the ellipsometric studies of thin films. The text also describes the interfacial photochemistry of bilayer lipid membranes; cell junctions and their development; and the composition and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The role of the cell surface in contact inhibition of cell division and the physical adsorption on molecular solids are also considered. Chemists, physiologists, and biophysicists will find the book invaluable.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 1 considers the physical theories and mathematical analyses of a broad spectrum of specialized subjects in various branches of hydroscience, including hydrodynamics, hydrology, hydrochemistry, hydrophysics, hydrobiology, hydrometeorology, oceanology, hydrogeology, naval science, and water resources. This book contains five chapters, and begins with a presentation of scientific and engineering advances in the field of sonar and hydroelasticity. The following chapter deals with the fundamental principles and concepts of statistical hydrodynamics in porous media and their significance in various engineering applications. These topics are followed by a discussion on the concepts of theoretical incompressible fluid dynamics, with a special emphasis on the field of hydroballistics. The last chapter provides first a brief introduction to the basic principles and fundamental equations of well hydraulics, followed by a survey of its importance to water economy in arid and semiarid regions of the world. This book will be of great value to research workers and practitioners in the interdisciplinary field of hydroscience.

  • Principles and Methods for Determining Ecological Criteria on Hydrobiocenoses

    Proceedings of the European Scientific Colloquium, Luxembourg, November 1975
    • 1st Edition
    • R. Amavis + 1 more
    • English
    Principles and Methods for Determining Ecological Criteria on Hydrobiocenoses is a collection of papers presented at the 1975 European Scientific Colloquium on Principles and Methods for Determining Ecological Criteria on Hydrobiocenoses, held in Luxembourg. This Colloquium aims to define a scientific basis for assessing the results of pollution on aquatic fauna and flora, as well as the biological methods to be used in assessing the extent of such pollution. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 29 chapters. After a brief overview of a series of parameters for the specific uses of different water classifications and regional evaluation of water pollution, this book goes on examining the ecological consequences of water pollution establishment of criteria and the ecological variable and their effect on aquatic fauna. These topics are followed by a discussion of the value of aquatic plants in water quality characterization, as well as the principles of the methods used. The succeeding parts highlight the concepts and practical methods used in the biological monitoring of surface waters. These parts particularly consider the benefits of using bioindicators and laboratory bioassays. The concluding discusses a comparative study of biological-ecologica... water assessment methods of water quality. This book will be of value to environmental scientists, engineers, and researchers.

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