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Elsevier

Books in Earth and planetary sciences

Elsevier's Earth and Planetary Sciences collection brings together pioneering research on the complexities of our planet and beyond. Covering topics from Earth's structural dynamics and ecosystems to planetary exploration, these titles support advancements in geoscience, environmental science, and space studies, offering essential insights for researchers, professionals, and students.

  • Island Arcs

    Japan and Its Environs
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Sugimura + 1 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 3: Island Arcs: Japan and its Environs focuses on geophysical and geological characteristics of island arcs. The book first reviews the geophysical and geological features of island arcs, including topography, crust and upper mantle structure, seismicity, direction of principal stresses of earthquakes, crustal deformation and fault systems, and geological structure. The distributions of Cenozoic volcanoes and hot springs, petrology of volcanic rocks, magnetic fields, and anomaly of electrical conductivity are also discussed. The publication also takes a look at the Cenozoic history of the Japanese Islands relative to the formation of island arcs. The Quaternary tectonic movements of Japan are reviewed. The text ponders on the processes under island arcs, such as generation and ascent of primary magma; convection current descending under island arcs; island arc tectonics and oceanic ridge tectonics; and mechanical process inferred from seismic wave radiation. The text is a valuable reference for geologists and readers interested in island arcs.

  • East African Rifts

    • 1st Edition
    • R. W. Girdler
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 7: East African Rifts focuses on the movements, structure, and behavior of the East African rift system. The selection first offers information on the surface structure and plate tectonics of Afar; tectonic and magmatic significance of volcanism in the Afar depression; and preliminary interpretation of the gravity field of Afar, northeast Ethiopia. Discussions focus on crustal models of Afar based on gravity and seismic data, tectonics, volcanism, geological setting, and crustal extension. The text also elaborates on the gravity survey of the central part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley and an aeromagnetic survey of the Afar triangle of Ethiopia. The book examines the arrangement and development of continental rift zones, East African rift development, and the seismicity of the East African rift system. Topics include earthquake mechanisms, seismicity, and the main categories of rift zones. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in the East African rifts.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 8
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 8 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the applications of statistical mechanics to physical adsorption; the impact of electron spectroscopy and cognate techniques on the study of solid surfaces; and the ellipsometric studies of thin films. The text also describes the interfacial photochemistry of bilayer lipid membranes; cell junctions and their development; and the composition and function of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The role of the cell surface in contact inhibition of cell division and the physical adsorption on molecular solids are also considered. Chemists, physiologists, and biophysicists will find the book invaluable.

  • Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerome G. Morse
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 7: Nuclear Methods in Mineral Exploration and Production elaborates on the status of applicable nuclear techniques used in mineral exploration and production. The selection first offers information on radiometric methods and X-ray analysis in mineral exploration. Discussions focus on gamma-ray spectrometry, radon detection, autoradiography of uranium and thorium, X-ray diffraction, and application of X-ray analysis. The text then examines X-ray fluorescence geochemical analysis on the surface of Mars and radioactivation methods, as well as nuclear geochemical measurements of planetary surface; radioactivation methods for mineral exploration; and radioactivation sources. The publication takes a look at nuclear well logging for petroleum and the potential of plowshare for resource development. Topics include natural radiation, induced logs, description of potential applications related to energy resources, and obstacles to the development of a commercial plowshare program in the U.S. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the use of nuclear techniques in mineral production and exploration.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 10
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 1 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 10 covers the advances in surface and membrane science. The book discusses the selective changes of cellular particles influencing sedimentation properties; and the rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes in investigations of surface phenomena at the metal-electrolyte interface. The text also describes the membrane potential of phospholipid bilayer and biological membranes; the adsorption of surfactant monolayers at gas/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces; and the enzymes immobilized on glass. Chemists and people involved in electrochemistry will find the book invaluable.

  • Recent Crustal Movements, 1979

    Proceedings of the IUGG Interdisciplinary Symposium No. 9, Recent Crustal Movements, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia, December 13—14, 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • P. Vyskočil + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 16: Recent Crustal Movements, 1979 covers the proceedings of the IUGG Interdisciplinary Symposium No. 9, ""Recent Crustal Movements"", held in Canberra, A.C.T., Australia on December 13-14, 1979. The book focuses on instruments and methods for the determination of crustal movements; methods of evaluating crustal movements; and interpretation of the crustal structure and crustal movements with the assistance of other geophysical data. The selection first offers information on the design and error characteristics of a fundamental global geodetic network; state and prospects of development of high-precision geodetic methods for studying crustal movements; and interferometric techniques for measuring horizontal earth crustal movements. The text then takes a look at the vertical crustal movements of the Carpatho-Balkan region and height changes and vertical crustal movements in Western German areas. Discussions focus on vertical movements map, instrumental improvements for the observation of vertical crustal movements, and map of height changes and vertical crustal movements. The text ponders on the episodic block motion and convergence along the Calaveras fault in central California and complete determination of local crustal deformation from geodetic observations. The selection is a valuable source of data for geologists and readers interested in crustal movements.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 6
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 6 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the progress in surface and membrane science; the solid state chemistry of the silver halide surface; and the experimental and theoretical aspects of the double layer at the mercury-solution interface. The text also describes contact-angle hysteresis; ion binding and ion transport produced by neutral lipid-soluble molecules; and the biophysical interactions of blood proteins with polymeric and artificial surfaces. Physical chemists, biophysicists, and physiologists will find the book invaluable.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 4
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 4 covers selected topics encompassing several areas of special interest in hydroscience, including naval architecture, water waves, subsurface water, engineering hydraulics, and stochastic hydrology. This volume is composed of seven chapters, and begins with a summary of the basic principles and theories involved in hovering craft operating over water, which should be of interest to naval architects who may design such vehicles for special purposes. The succeeding chapters deal with the significance of soil moisture theory in the design of foundations and land drainage systems, as well as the developments in understanding the theory of wind-generated waves. These topics are followed by discussions on the mode of operation and different types of hydraulic jumps and the basic probability concepts of stochastic reservoir theory. The final chapter the fundamentals of surface winds, wind fields, and wind stress and their role in formation of storm surge. This book is of value to hydrologists, naval architects, agronomists, and agricultural civil engineers.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 5
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 5 contains articles in three major areas of hydroscience, namely, stochastic hydrology, subsurface flow, and solid-state hydrology. This volume is composed of four chapters, and begins with a comprehensive review of the basic concepts, developments, and their potential application in stochastic hydrology, with emphasis on time series analysis and synthesis (model building). The next chapter deals with some of the advances in various scientific disciplines and their application to the analysis and prediction of seepage losses from open channels. These topics are followed by discussions on various phenomena of snow metamorphism, sintering, and development of intergranular bonds; a few methods for determining thermal conductivity, water vapor diffusivity; and the essential concepts of radiation interaction with a snow medium. The final chapter surveys the theory of infiltration, which is one important outcome of the mathematical-physica... approach to the study of water movement in unsaturated soil. This chapter specifically presents the general flow equation (a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation). This book is of great value to hydrologists, engineers, scientists, and researchers who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of hydroscience.

  • Geosynclines

    • 1st Edition
    • Jean Aubouin
    • English
    Geosynclines is devoted to the geosynclines concept, which states that the most elevated parts of the earth's crust—the mountains—had risen by a gigantic inversion of relief from the more depressed regions where they had originated. This book re-examines the concept in light of further geological evidence. The book is organized into four parts. Part I presents a detailed account of the birth and development of the geosynclinal concept. It shows that only the European (Alpine) concept of the geosyncline involves a fundamental palaeogeographical differentiation of mountain chains, and that it is from this standpoint that the American concept must be considered if it is to be placed in a more general framework. Part II attempts to define the geosynclinal concept in the Alpine sense of the term: i.e., in the light of current views on the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle, which are the best documented. Part III collates the information acquired on the various aspects of geosynclines as exemplified by the Mediterranean chains of the Alpine cycle. Part IV discusses the degree to which the ""Alpine"" concept of the geosyncline may be extended in time.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 4
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 4 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses waves at interfaces; recent investigations on the thickness of surface layers; and surface analysis by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. The text also describes the anode electrolyte interface; the interactions of adsorbed proteins and polypeptides at interfaces; and peptide-induced ion transport in synthetic and biological membranes. The monolayer adsorption on crystalline surfaces is also considered. Chemists and metallurgists will find the book invaluable.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 7
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 7 covers the developments in the study of surface and membrane science. The book discusses the theoretical and experimental aspects of the van der Waals forces; the electric double layer on the semiconductor-electr... interface; and the long-range and short-range order in adsorbed films. The text also describes the hydrodynamical theory of surface shear viscosity; the structure and properties of monolayers of synthetic polypeptides at the air-water interface; and the structure and molecular dynamics of water. The role of glycoproteins in cell adhesion is also considered. Physicists, zoologists, molecular biologists, and scientists involved in the study of electrochemistry will find the book invaluable.

  • An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology

    • 3rd Edition
    • Volume 48
    • Renata Dmowska
    • English
    Dynamic meteorology is the study of those motions of the atmosphere that are associated with weather and climate. The science of dynamic meteorology continues its rapid advance, and its scope has broadened considerably. There continue to be important new developments in the analysis and prediction of extratropical synoptic-scale systems. Important progress has been made in the understanding of mesoscale storms, in tropical dynamics, in the dynamics of climate, and in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere.An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, Third Edition reflects the full scope of modern dynamic meteorology, while providing a coherent presentation of the fundamentals. The text emphasizes physical principles rather than mathematical elegance.

  • Ocean Circulation and Climate

    A 21st Century Perspective
    • 2nd Edition
    • Volume 103
    • English
    The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system. The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of world ocean circulation experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list. The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 9
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 2 more
    • English
    Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, Volume 9 covers the developments in surface and membrane science. The book discusses the physical adsorption of gases and vapors in micropores; the chemisorption theory; and the role of radioisotopes in the studies of chemisorption and catalysis. The text also describes the interaction of ions with monolayers; and the isolation and characterization of mycoplasma membranes. Chemists, physical chemists, and microbiologists will find the book useful.

  • Geographic Information Systems

    The Microcomputer and Modern Cartography
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • D.R. Fraser Taylor
    • English
    Technological changes are revolutionising cartography and there is a growing convergence between geographic information systems and computer assisted cartography. This book describes in detail the relationship between geographic information systems and modern cartography and considers all aspects from data collection to presentation and applications. Written by some of the world's leading cartographers, the book examines the emergence of electronic mapping systems and stresses both analysis and visualisation.

  • Recent Progress in Surface Science

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • J. F. Danielli + 2 more
    • English
    Recent Progress in Surface Science, Volume 2 is a 10-chapter text that covers the significant advances in some aspects of surface science, including in catalysis, genetic control of cell surface, and cell membrane. The opening chapter deals with the major factors affecting adsorption at the gas-solid interface. The subsequent chapters explore the advances in understanding of heterogeneous catalysis in terms of fundamental surface processes, as well as the concept of dynamic contact angles. These topics are followed by discussions on emulsions, flotation, and the extraordinary complexity of cell surface structures and their chemical components. Other chapters consider the experimental studies on the physiology of pinocytosis and the principles of plastron respiration. The final chapters are devoted to the isolation, characterization, and electronmicroscopic studies of cell membrane. This book is of value to surface scientists, cell biologists, and researchers in the allied fields.

  • Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons

    • 1st Edition
    • M.H.P. Bott
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 12: Sedimentary Basins of Continental Margins and Cratons focuses on the formation, movements, characteristics, and evolution of sedimentary basins of continental margins and cratons. The selection first offers information on mechanisms of basin subsidence and rheology of the lithosphere. Discussions focus on hypotheses of basin subsidence mechanism, testing the hypotheses, elastic properties and flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, and rheology of young continental margins. The text then elaborates on flexure of the lithosphere and continental margin basins and thermal and mechanical evolution of the Michigan basin. The book ponders on the formation of sedimentary basins of graben type by extension of the continental crust and major synchronous events in continental shelves. Topics include inception of shelf development, mid-cretaceous change, taphrogenic subsidence, and energy budget of wedge subsidence mechanism. The manuscript also examines development of graben associated with the initial ruptures of the Atlantic Ocean and observations on the processes of sedimentary basin formation at the margins of Southern Africa. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of continental margins.

  • Global Tectonics and Earthquake Risk

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • C. Lomnitz
    • English
    Global Tectonics and Earthquake Risk discusses the geostatistical treatment of earthquake probabilities. The book reviews global tectonics and geologic history, including evidence of change, Pangaea, geochronology, tectonic revolutions, and the breakup of Pangaea. The book discusses the formation of Pangaea which later broke down into the present continental cores of Asia, Europe, Africa, Australian, Antarctica, and the Americas. The book describes the separation of North and South America from Europe, how Africa became established during the Cretaceous time, and how India split off from Africa to became welded to Asia at the Himalayas. The text also explains earthquake risk in terms of stochastic processes, point processes, and illustrates modeling of the earthquake process. The "Large-Earthquake Model" is based on a list of the largest earthquakes in the region, while a more sophisticated model requires the incorporation of non-Markovian effects (aftershock sequences). The book cites an application of investigations done on California where an earthquake of magnitude 5 is expected to occur every three months. An earthquake of magnitude 8 or greater is predicted to happen every 100 years but the book notes that the return period exceeds the range of the period of recorded data (which is only 31 years). Presented in another way, the text concludes that the probability of occurrence of an event of magnitude 8 earthquake or over in any given year is about one percent. The book can prove helpful for geologists, seismologists, meteorologists, or practitioners in the field of civil and structural engineering.

  • Rare Earth Element Geochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • P. Henderson
    • English
    Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This book discusses the analytical techniques and the recognition that rare earth fractionation occurs naturally in different ways. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the wide array of types and sizes of the cation coordination polyhedral in rock-forming minerals. This text then examines the application of rare earth element abundances to petrogenetic problems that has centered on the evolution of igneous rocks. Other chapters consider the matching of observed rare earth element abundances with those provided by the theoretical modeling of petrogenetic processes. This book discusses as well the hypotheses on the genesis of a rock or mineral suite. The final chapter deals with the principal analytical methods. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduates, lecturers, and researchers who study petrology and geochemistry.

  • Trondhjemites, Dacites, and Related Rocks

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • F. Barker
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, 6: Trondhjemites, Dacites, and Related Rocks focuses on the geology, geochemistry, and petrology of several kinds of trondhjemites, dacites, and genetically related rocks. The selection first elaborates on the definition, environment, and hypotheses of origin of trondhjemite; a review of the mineralogy and chemistry of tertiary-recent dacitic, latitic, rhyolitic, and related salic volcanic rocks; and some trace elements in trondhjemites and their implications to magma genesis and paleotectonic setting. Discussions focus on tectonic environments and trace element patterns, selection and reliability of trace elements, interrelationships between mineralogy and chemistry, and regional variations of dacitic and rhyolitic magmas. The publication then tackles strontium isotope geochemistry of late Archean to late Cretaceous tonalites and trondhjemites; Archean gray gneisses and the origin of the continental crust in West Greenland; and metamorphic development of early Archean tonalitic and trondhjemitic gneisses in Saglek Area, Labrador. The book examines the petrology, geochemistry, and origin of the Sparta quartz dioritetrondhjemite complex; reconnaissance geochemistry of Devonian island-arc volcanic and intrusive rocks in West Shasta District, California; and origin of the Twillingate trondhjemite in North-Central Newfoundland. The selection is highly recommended for geologists and geochemists wanting to explore trondhjemites, dacites, and genetically related rocks.

  • Paleotemperature Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Robert Bowen
    • English
    Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 2: Paleotemperature Analysis focuses on the paleotemperature-ana... method, including the use of oxygen isotopes in carbonate analysis and in advancing knowledge on paleoclimates. The manuscript first offers information on the isotopes of oxygen as climatic indicators and sampling of fossil organisms, as well as oxygen and paleotemperatures, belemnoidea, and other fossils. The book also ponders on chemical techniques and mass spectrometric methods. Discussions focus on thermal and acid decomposition of carbonates, slow formation of carbonate solids, precipitation of carbonate, and mass spectrometry. The text examines paleotemperature scales and magnesium and strontium concentrations. Topics include salinity, standards, magnesium and strontium contents, history of sea water, and Mccrea's carbonate paleotemperature scale. The publication also takes a look at paleozoic, Jurassic, cretaceous, and tertiary and Pleistocene paleotemperatures. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in paleotemperatures.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 2
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 2 is a five-chapter text that considers the significant advances in various fields of hydroscience. Chapter 1 deals with the basic concept, hydrodynamics, methods of study, and case history of tsunami, while Chapter 2 focuses on chemical geohydrology, which treats the portion of the hydrological cycle that relates the chemical character of water to its environment. Chapter 3 concerns a subject in biohydrodynamics, namely, the hydrodynamic behavior of dolphins, with an emphasis of its application in controlling the natural environment. Chapter 4 describes the interaction of modern hydrodynamic analyses and experimental investigations, which has placed the design of complex hydraulic structures, such as ship locks. Chapter 5 discusses the modern technique of replenishing ground water by recharge, which has been practiced with great success in Los Angeles, California, and many other places around the world. This book will be of great value to hydrologists, scientists, and researchers who are interested in the interdisciplinary field of hydroscience.

  • Mechanism of Graben Formation

    Selected Papers of an ICG Symposium Held During the 17th IUGG General Assembly, Canberra, Australia, December 5, 1979
    • 1st Edition
    • J. H. Illies
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 17: Mechanism of Graben Formation covers the papers of an ICG Symposium held during the 17th IUGG General Assembly in Canberra, Australia on December 5, 1979. The book focuses on the formation, behavior, and mechanisms of grabens. The selection first offers information on crustal doming and the mechanism of continental rifting, mechanisms of continental riftogenesis, and thermal regimes, mantle diapirs, and crustal stresses of continental rifts. The text then ponders on crustal uplift and the propagation of failure zones and parameterized rift development and upper mantle anomalies. The publication surveys the continental rift system of the Rhinegraben-structur... physical properties, and dynamical processes and an example of the intrusion of asthenospheric material into the lithosphere as the cause of disruption of lithospheric plates. Regional stress field and rifting in Western Europe and the nature of greenstone belts in the Precambrian are also discussed. The selection is a dependable source of information for geologists and readers interested in the formation of grabens.

  • The Upper Mantle

    • 1st Edition
    • A. R. Ritsema
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 4: The Upper Mantle focuses on the upper mantle and its influence on the development of the earth's crust, including history of the moon and other planets and volcanology. The selection first offers information on the origin of the earth, including ideas on the formation process of the terrestrial planets, condensation of dust particles, nature of the earth's core, thermal history of the earth, and fractionation of iron in the terrestrial planets. The text then ponders on the beginning of continental evolution, as well as the oldest rocks of the earth's crust, thermal history of the moon, and early history of the other planets. The text elaborates on magmatic activity as the major process in the chemical evolution of the earth's crust and mantle; trends in the evolution of continents; progress and problems in volcanology; and pressure and temperature conditions and tectonic significance of regional and ocean-floor metamorphism. The manuscript also takes a look at the state of mantle minerals, melting temperatures in the earth's mantle, and geomagnetic induction studies and the electrical state of the upper mantle. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of the upper mantle.

  • Plate Tectonics

    • 1st Edition
    • Xavier Le Pichon + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 6: Plate Tectonics focuses on the exposition of the plate-tectonics hypothesis, as well as plate boundaries, stratification, and kinematics. The book first offers information on the rheological stratification of the mantle and kinematics of relative movements. Topics include lithosphere, asthenosphere, kinematics of finite motions, measurements of instantaneous movements, and worldwide kinematic pattern. The text then ponders on movements relative to a frame external to the plates and processes at accreting plate boundaries. Discussions focus on reference frames, paleomagnetic synthesis, creation of oceanic crust, and continental rifts. The publication elaborates on processes at consuming plate boundaries, including sinking plate model, structure of trenches and associated island arcs and cordilleras, and consumption of continent-bearing lithosphere. The text is a valuable source of data for readers interested in plate tectonics.

  • The Structure of the Earth's Crust

    Based on Seismic Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Stephan Mueller
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics 8: The Structure of the Earth's Crust Based on Seismic Data covers the papers presented at an International Upper Mantle Committee (lUMC) symposium called ""Crustal Structure Based on Seismic Data"", held on July 30-31, 1971. The book focuses on the structure, composition, and characteristics of the earth's crust. The selection first offers information on the crustal structure of Central and Southeastern Europe by data of explosion seismology; structure of the earth's crust on the territory of the U.S.S.R.; and seismic studies of low-velocity layers and horizontal inhomogeneities within the crust and upper mantle on the territory of the U.S.S.R. The text also takes a look at the deep seismic investigations in the Baikal rift zone and crust of the arctic seas of Eurasia. Discussions focus on peculiarities of crustal structure, structure of the uppermost mantle, and method of investigation. The publication takes a look at the crustal structure of Japan as derived from explosion seismic data; crustal structure in the Matsushiro earthquake swarm area; and Soviet seismic studies of the earth's crust in the Pacific Ocean during the International Upper Mantle Project. The selection is a dependable source of information for readers interested in the structure of the earth's crust.

  • Crustal Properties Across Passive Margins

    Selected Papers from the Symposium Crustal Properties Across Passive Margins Held at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
    • 1st Edition
    • C. E. Keen
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, 15: Crustal Properties across Passive Margins covers the papers presented at the symposium ""Crustal Properties across Passive Margins"", held at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia on June 19-23, 1978. The book focuses on theoretical modelling of the rheological properties in the upper mantle beneath oceans and continents and stratigraphic studies of the sedimentary basins. The selection first offers information on seismic refraction study of the continental edge off the Eastern United States and gravity field of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin. Topics include crustal sections, inner and outer quiet zones, alternative models and complications, gravity models, free-air anomaly map, and the ocean-continent transition zone. The text then takes a look at the geologic history of the passive margin off New England and the Canadian Maritime Provinces and geophysical observations bearing upon the origin of the Newfoundland Ridge. The manuscript elaborates on the age and origin of the deepest correlative structures recognized off Canada and Europe and geophysical transects of the Labrador Sea. Discussions focus on magnetics and gravity, stratigraphic control, consequences regarding subduction or rifting, and deep structures of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in crustal properties across passive margins.

  • Progress in Surface and Membrane Science

    Volume 13
    • 1st Edition
    • D. A. Cadenhead + 1 more
    • English
    Physics: 1901-1921 presents the Nobel lectures, presentation addresses, and biographies of scientists who won the Nobel Prize in Physics during the years 1901-1921. These Nobel laureates include Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Joseph John Thomson, Gabriel Lippmann, Guglielmo Marconi, Max Planck, and Albert Einstein. Their lectures cover topics ranging from the theory of electrons and the propagation of light to radioactivity, cathode rays, and carriers of negative electricity. This volume begins with the presentation speech by C. T. Odhner, president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and former rector of the National Archives, for Röntgen, followed by Röntgen's lecture. This is followed by presentation speeches, lectures, and biographies of other physicists such as Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Lord Rayleigh, Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard, Joseph John Thomson, Albert Abraham Michelson, Gabriel Lippmann, Guglielmo Marconi, Carl Ferdinand Braun, Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Wilhelm Wien, Nils Gustaf Dalén, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, and Max von Laue. Other Nobel Prize winners featured in this book are William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg, Charles Glover Barkla, Max Planck, Johannes Stark, Charles-Édward Guillaume, and Albert Einstein. This book will be of interest to physicists and other scientists.

  • Stress in Subsoil and Methods of Final Settlement Calculation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • J. Feda
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Volume 18: Stress in Subsoil and Methods of Final Settlement Calculation reviews the method of settlement calculations based on stresses in the subsoil. This book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with in situ stresses in the subsoil, while Chapter 2 focuses on the state of stress produced in the subsoil by external loads. The last chapter discusses the methods of calculating the final settlement, including remarks on the selection of deformation parameters. This publication also discusses the horizontal geostatic stress, surface loading of a half-space, method of oedometric compression, and finite element and allied methods. This volume is recommended for researchers and specialists of disciplines related to geotechnical engineering.

  • Analytical Methods in Geochemical Prospecting

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • W.K. Fletcher
    • G.J.S. Govett
    • English
    Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume I: Analytical Methods in Geochemical Prospecting focuses on the principles, methodologies, approaches, and techniques employed in geochemical prospecting. The book first underscores quality control in the laboratory, sample preparation, sample decomposition-soluti... techniques, and colorimetry and related techniques. Discussions focus on colorimetry, turbidimetric methods, strong decompositions, partial extractions, preparation of rock samples, random and systematic errors, and quality control program. The publication then takes a look at atomic absorption spectrophotometry, emission spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. Concerns cover instrumentation, operation of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, flame emission spectroscopy, semi-quantitative DC-arc spectroscopy, and plasma sources. The text examines electrochemical methods, including determination of pH and specific ion electrodes. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the analytical methods in geochemical prospecting.

  • Industrial Minerals and Rocks

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 18
    • M. Kucera
    • English
    Industrial Minerals and Rocks is a collection of research papers concerning the study of industrial mineral deposits. This work is composed of 17 chapters that specifically highlight the research done by Czech and Slovak economic geologists in non-metallic deposits, including talc, magnesite, kaolin, and clay. After an introduction to the history of industrial minerals and rocks, this book goes on reviewing the origin, principal element cycle, genetic types, form, and size of these deposits. Considerable chapters describe the deposits of industrial minerals, rocks, and building raw materials. The remaining chapters deal with the geophysical methods prospecting and exploration and production of industrial raw materials, rocks, and minerals. This book will prove useful to mineral geologists and researchers.

  • Recent Crustal Movements, 1982

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • P. Vyskocil + 2 more
    • English
    Developments in Geotectonics, Volume 20: Recent Crustal Movements, 1982 presents the proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements and Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes and Volcanism, held in Tokyo, Japan on May 12–13, 1982. This book presents the results in crustal movement studies at a local or regional scale. Organized into four parts encompassing 45 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the gravimetric research carried out in various locations in Maracaibo Basin Area. This text then evaluates the reliability of the leveling measurements using modified geodetic checks as well as through comparison with independent measurements of crustal movement. Other chapters consider the basis of geodetic strain analysis. This book discusses as well the first-order geodetic measurements in seismically active areas in southern and southwestern Australia. The final chapter deals with the correlation of the data of relevelling with surface relief. This book is a valuable resource for engineers and geologists.

  • Physical Characteristics of Soils, Plasticity, Settlement Calculations, Interpretation of In-Situ Tests

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume I
    • English
    Practical Problems in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1: Physical Characteristics of Soils, Plasticity, Settlement Calculations, Interpretation of In-Situ Tests presents the analysis and calculation procedures for the solution of geotechnical problems. The book contains example problems with detailed step-by-step solutions. The text emphasizes the application of theoretical soil mechanics to geotechnical engineering. Chapters provide example problems and solutions on the physical characteristics of soil, water in the soil, settlement calculations, plasticity and shear strength, plastic equilibrium, and interpretation of in-situ tests. Civil engineers and civil engineering students will find the book highly useful.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 6
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 6 covers topics on water occurring in air, on land and in the ocean, encompassing all three parts of the total water system on earth: atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The book starts by discussing the developments in atmospheric water resources, including statistically designed cloud-seeding experiments, long-term commercial projects aimed at increasing precipitation, and the technology of precipitation management. The text then presents articles on the theoretical aspects of drainage of water on land; the basic concepts, principles, and methods of analysis for two liquid flows in a porous medium domain; and the scientific information on the constituents, the physical-chemical properties, and the structure of sea water. The book will prove invaluable to ground water hydrologists, geologists, petroleum engineers, and scientists and engineers who venture to explore the inner space of the earth.

  • Advances in Hydroscience

    Volume 3
    • 1st Edition
    • Ven Te Chow
    • English
    Advances in Hydroscience, Volume 3-1966 encompasses naval hydrodynamics, biohydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics... hydrology, and water resources. The book presents articles on viscous resistance of ships, magnetohydrodynamics of channel flow, and hydrodynamics of blood flow in the circulatory system. The text also includes articles about the biological treatment of waste water; the processes and trends in the development of sea water conversion; and the linearized steady theory of fully wetted hydrofoils. The developments in the retardation of evaporation by the use of monolayers, as well as the dynamic programming in water resources development are also encompassed. Students and researchers in naval hydrodynamics, biohydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics... hydrology, and water resources will find the book invaluable.

  • Statistics and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • R.J. Howarth
    • English
    Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Volume 2: Statistics and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting aims to survey the techniques available for the quality control of laboratory data, storage and retrieval of field and laboratory information, statistical analysis of single- and multi-element data, and presentation of geochemical data as maps. The selection first elaborates on data storage and retrieval, control procedures in geochemical analysis, and univariate analysis. Discussions focus on analysis of variance, density distribution, probability graphs, statistical basis of analytical quality control, laboratory control procedures, data storage media, data organization, programming considerations, and generalized data systems. The book then takes a look at sampling methodology, mapping, and multivariate analysis. Concerns cover correlation, cluster analysis, regression, partial correlation, class selection techniques, map filtering techniques, cross-correlation maps, strategies for optimum sampling design, and search techniques. The manuscript elaborates on examples of geochemical data processing in Africa, mathematical and statistical activity in North America, statistical models for geochemical anomalies, geochemical characterization of tin granites in northern Thailand, and use of pattern classification methods in till geochemistry. The selection is highly recommended for researchers interested in statistics and data analysis in geochemical prospecting.

  • Numerical Petrology

    Statistical Interpretation of Geochemical Data
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 8
    • R.W. Le Maitre
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, Volume 8: Numerical Petrology: Statistical Interpretation of Geochemical Data presents the methods that are likely to be useful to the average petrologist. This book deals with the problems of closed data and singular matrices in multiple discriminant analysis and classification procedure. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the petrological data that can be quantified, including both discrete and continuous variables. This text then examines the methods of testing for differences between the means of two populations. Other chapters consider the three methods of evaluating linear trends within such bivatiate plots, namely, the use of the correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis, and either structural or functional relationships. This book discusses as well the propagation of errors in mineral and normative recalculations. The final chapter deals with the use of computers to manage the tremendous amount of information that is available. This book is a valuable resource for petrologists, geochemists, and geologists.

  • Simulating Nearshore Environments

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 12
    • P.A. Martinez + 1 more
    • Daniel F Merriam
    • English
    Simulating Nearshore Environments provides computer procedures that realistically represent nearshore processes and supplement or replace trial and error methodology. The procedures simulate transport by waves and fluvial processes on beaches and deltas at various scales. They will aid coastal engineers, oceanographers and sedimentary geologists who focus on both modern and ancient nearshore deposits.How do you simulate nearshore processes using a computer? Can evolving deltaic and coastal environments be simulated realistically by mathematically representing the physical processes that create them? Once the physics and mathematical formulation are described, what are the techniques for transforming them into computer programs? The authors deal with all these aspects and take a "how to" approach in guiding the reader through the development of computer models for simulating sediment transport in coastal environments. In addition to describing the devised computer programs, the book provides a basis for those wishing to formulate their own mathematical models for simulating nearshore processes.

  • Geological Problem Solving with Lotus 1-2-3 for Exploration and Mining Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • G.S. Koch
    • Daniel F Merriam
    • English
    Presents effective methods for using Lotus 1-2-3 techniques to solve problems in exploration and mining geology. 1-2-3 programmes are provided in conjunction with named worksheets or templates, together with brief explanatory text. Problem solving is based on a well-established and maintained software package. A floppy diskette is supplied enabling users, following brief instructions, to solve problems immediately.

  • Introduction to the Mathematics of Inversion in Remote Sensing and Indirect Measurements

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • S. Twomey
    • English
    Developments in Geomathematics, 3: Introduction to the Mathematics of Inversion in Remote Sensing and Indirect Measurements focuses on the application of the mathematics of inversion in remote sensing and indirect measurements, including vectors and matrices, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and integral equations. The publication first examines simple problems involving inversion, theory of large linear systems, and physical and geometric aspects of vectors and matrices. Discussions focus on geometrical view of matrix operations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix products, inverse of a matrix, transposition and rules for product inversion, and algebraic elimination. The manuscript then tackles the algebraic and geometric aspects of functions and function space and linear inversion methods, as well as the algebraic and geometric nature of constrained linear inversion, least squares solution, approximation by sums of functions, and integral equations. The text examines information content of indirect sensing measurements, further inversion techniques, and linear inversion methods. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the application of the mathematics of inversion in remote sensing and indirect measurements.

  • Helium Isotopes in Nature

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 3
    • B.A. Mamyrin + 1 more
    • W.S. Fyfe
    • English
    Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 3: Helium Isotopes in Nature presents the isotopic investigations of noble gases. This book describes the origin, the history, and the contemporary distribution of isotopes of helium. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of mass-spectrometric methods and measurements of the helium isotope abundance. This text then discusses the methods of collecting various terrestrial samples as well as the apparatus for helium extraction, volumetric measurements, and purification. Other chapters consider the isotope composition of primordial, radiogenic, and spallogenic light noble gases. This book discusses as well the origin and distribution of helium isotopes in meteorites, in the Earth's mantle, the crust and ocean, and in the atmosphere. The final chapter deals with the scientific and applied problems that can be resolved to the progress in helium isotope geochemistry. This book is a valuable resource for scientists. Research workers and students interested in the geochemistry of helium will also find this book useful.

  • Visualization in Modern Cartography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • A.M. MacEachren + 1 more
    • English
    Visualization in Modern Cartography explores links between the centuries-old discipline of cartography and today's revolutionary developments in scientific visualization. The book has three main goals: (1) to pass on design and symbolization expertise to the scientific visualization community - information that comes from centuries of pre-computer visualization by cartographers, and their more recent experiences with computerizing the discipline; (2) to help cartographers cope with the dramatic shift from print cartography to a dynamic virtual cartography for which their role is changing from that of map designer to one of spatial information display (and/or interface) designer; (3) to illustrate the expanded role for cartography in geographic, environmental, planning, and earth science applications that comes with the development of interactive geographic visualization tools. To achieve these goals, the book is divided into three parts. The first sets the historical, cognitive, and technological context for geographic/cartograp... visualization tool development. The second covers key technological, symbolization, and user interface issues. The third provides a detailed look at selected prototype geographic/cartograp... visualization tools and their applications.

  • Stability of Tidal Inlets

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • P. Bruun
    • English
    Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 23: Stability of Tidal Inlets: Theory and Engineering focuses on all aspects related to tidal inlets on littoral drift shores where freshwater flow is small or non-existing. The selection first tackles the development and configuration of tidal inlets and inlet hydraulics. Discussions focus on flow dynamics and nearshore transport, combinations of waves and currents, sediment transport and storage in the tidal entrance, offsets of tidal inlets, natural inlet regimen, migration of inlets, and origin of tidal inlets. The manuscript then examines sediment transport in tidal inlets, stability of tidal inlets on littoral drift shores, and design and improvements of coastal inlets. Topics cover ocean entrance, overall stability condition, hydraulic and sedimentary principles, non-scouring channels, transport of sediments in wave agitated waters, and sediment transport by combined wave and current action. The publication explores improvements by structures, including natural bypassing, types of improvement, and bypassing by structures and bypassing plants or arrangements. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in the stability of tidal inlets.

  • Shale-Slate Metamorphism in Southern Appalachians

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10
    • C.E. Weaver
    • English
    Developments in Petrology, Volume 10: Shale-Slate Metamorphism in Southern Appalachians provides information pertinent to shale-slate metamorphism. This book aims to develop a paleothermometer for shales and to be able to predict the reactions that would arise in response to an increase in temperature. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mineral, isotopic, chemical, petrographic, and structural changes that occur during late-stage diagenesis. This text then examines the petrology and texture of a series of physilites ranging from the middle diagenesis zone to the greenschist facies. Other chapters consider the X-ray analyses of the Conasauga samples, which show that most of the parameters that can be measured have a systematic trend that can be related to increasing grade of metamorphism. This book discusses as well chlorite as a common component of shales and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The final chapter deals with the carbonate rocks. This book is a valuable resource for petrologists.

  • Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential

    Proceedings of the Norwegian Petroleum Society Conference, 15-17 August 1990, Tromso, Norway
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • T.O. Vorren + 6 more
    • English
    Since the search for hydrocarbon resources in the Arcticstarted in the 1930's the exploration activity has expandedinto many of the Arctic regions, and several of the Arcticsedimentary basins have proven to be important sources ofhydrocarbon. Nevertheless, the Arctic continental margins andadjacent onshore areas are still largely unexplored in thecontext of petroleum, and are therefore considered to be oneof the few regions in the world where significant undiscoveredsources of hydrocarbon may exist. The aim of the book is togive an updated overview of the geology of the Arcticsedimentary basins and their petroleum potential. Although thedifferent basins vary significantly as regards sedimentary fill and tectonic evolution, many of the basins share some ofthe characteristics needed to become prolific oil and gasprovinces.The book contains 45 extensively illustratedarticles. It starts with papers on the Mesozoic source rocks,and oceanic natural gas clatrates in the Arctic, respectively.Then follow articles on the regional and petroleum geology ofthe main regions; Greenland, North American Arctic, SovietArctic and the Barents Sea. Particular emphasis is placed onthe Barents Sea. The two last chapters comprise articles onsalt dynamics and methods. The book closes with a paper oninternational law in the Arctic. This volume will be ofinterest to both students and professional earthscientists/petr... explorationists working in the northernlatitudes. It will allow the readers to stay abreast of thedevelopment in this climatic region of the world.

  • The Origin of Arcs

    Invited Papers Presented at the International Conference "The Origin of Arcs", Held at the University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy, September 22nd-25th, 1986
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • F.-C. Wezel
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of papers presented as distinguished guest lectures at the International Conference on ``The Origin of Arcs'' held at the University of Urbino in September 1986, under the joint sponsorship of the European Union of Geosciences and the Italian Geological Society.The workshop on island and mountain arcs has been organized with the aim of increasing our understanding of the intrinsic nature of orogenic and post-orogenic processes, on the basis of empiric factual data, rather than particular theoretic models. Quite often a trivial piece of field data appears to bear much more weight than many fascinating hypotheses put forward by the human mind. This seems to be much more valid in geology, where a special method is necessitated by the particular nature of the geological phenomena and the time concept. Every general law deduced should be rooted in the study of the earth's development in geological time. It is the editor's opinion that there must first be an inductive picture by means of geological methods and then it must be interpreted by geophysicists in the light of physical laws. The geological method must serve, besides, to test the historical credibility of geophysical theories. It is clear that these two methods, the geological-historica... one and the geophysical one, must be complementary and the one must not substitute the other.Since the problem of the structure and origin of arcs is open to several solutions, different factors being still unexplained, all correctly deduced opinions are considered by the editor. The contributors to this pre-conference volume have been asked to present essential geological results, as concrete as possible, on some basic problems, such as:Are the island and mountain arcs primary or induced features?How have these orogenic festoons developed into their similar regular shapes?What are the relationships between "primary" active arcs and "secondary" mountain arcs?What is the dominant deformational factor in the bulging of the arc?What is the real nature and tectonic significance of the Benioff zone?These papers have been grouped into five more or less natural sections, of which three are defined on the basis of geography. But of course several range broadly and the classification serves only to channel the discussion in a practical way.

  • Beginner's Guide to Gemmology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Peter G Read
    • English
    Beginner's Guide to Gemmology presents the profiles of the principal gem materials. This book discusses the interesting characteristics of gemstones as the growing consumer market jewelry resulted in increased sales of gem testing instruments. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the development of the science of gemmology. This text then explains the fundamental qualities necessary in a gem, including color, hardness, specific gravity, crystallography, refractive index, pleochroism, critical angle, luminescence, and absorption spectra. Other chapters consider the organic gem materials, including amber, ivory, coral, tortoiseshell, jet, ebony, and pearl. This book discusses as well the various methods used in the production of man-made gemstones and the commercial use in gem testing. The final chapter deals with the composition of synthetic gemstones. This book is a valuable resource for gemmologists and jewelers. Students who intend to become a qualified gemologist will also find this book extremely useful.

  • Afrique de l'Ouest

    Introduction Géologique et Termes Stratigraphiques
    • 1st Edition
    • J.M. Bertrand + 2 more
    • J. Fabre
    • English

  • Mining Research

    Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Missouri, February, 1961
    • 1st Edition
    • George B. Clark
    • English

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