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Elsevier

Books in Geology

Our Geology portfolio delivers comprehensive coverage of Earth's structure, tectonics, stratigraphy, and palaeontology. It supports researchers, students, and practitioners in deciphering Earth's history, geohazards, and resource potential. Featuring detailed case studies, field guides, and theoretical frameworks, these resources foster a deeper understanding of Earth's dynamic systems and underpin sustainable management of geological resources.

  • Marine Geo-Hazards in China

    • 1st Edition
    • Yin-can YE
    • English
    Marine Geo-Hazards in China, the first book to focus specifically on potential marine geological hazards in China, includes 19 chapters with varying focus on key issues surrounding the topic.Early chapters discuss the historical background, research progress, and geological environments in China's sea area. Next, multiple chapters present special topics on geological hazards in China's sea area, including its disaster pregnant environment, mechanisms of disaster change, the development regularity and disaster formation process, and existing or potential dangers and countermeasures. Final chapters present the latest information on the distribution, development, assessment, and risk analysis of marine geological hazards.This book is an important source of information for government and local policymakers, environmental and marine scientists, and engineers.

  • Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins

    Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Potential
    • 1st Edition
    • Juan I. Soto + 2 more
    • English
    Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins: Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Potential deals with the evolution and tectonic significance of the Triassic evaporite rocks in the Alpine orogenic system and the Neogene basins in the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and the western Mediterranean. As the nature of the Triassic evaporite sequences, the varied diapiric structures they feed, and the occurrence of hydrocarbons suggest that the Triassic evaporites represent an efficient system to trap hydrocarbons, this book explores the topic with a wide swath, also devoting content to a relatively unexplored topic, the mobilization and deformation of the Triassic salt in the western and northern Tethys (from Iberia and North Africa, Pyrenees and Alps, Adriatic and Ionian) during the subsequent Alpine orogenic processes. The book includes chapters updating varied topics, like the Permian and Triassic chronostratigraphic scales, palaeogeographic reconstructions of the western Tethys since the Late Permian, the petroleum systems associated with Permo-Triassic salt, allochthonous salt tectonics, and a latest revision of salt tectonic processes in the Permian Zechstein Basin, the Atlantic Margins (from Barents Sea, Scotia, Portugal, Morocco, and Mauritania), the Alpine folded belts in Europe, and the various Triassic salt provinces in North Africa. The book is the go-to guide for salt tectonic researchers and those working in the hydrocarbon exploration industry.

  • Terrestrial Depositional Systems

    Deciphering Complexities through Multiple Stratigraphic Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Kate E. Zeigler + 1 more
    • English
    Terrestrial Depositional Systems: Deciphering Complexities through Multiple Stratigraphic Methods is the first collection of contributed articles that not only introduces young geoscientists to biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy, but also provides seasoned practitioners with a standard reference that showcases the topic’s most recent developments in research and application. When studying complex depositional systems, scientists often need to rely on more than one stratigraphic technique to truly understand the sequence of historical events. Through a blend of specific analytical techniques, experiments, sampling methods, and working examples, this book provides a practical reference for addressing a range of depositional system challenges. This multi-contributed reference combines reviews of stratigraphic methods with individual case studies, providing readers with a broad scope of techniques that will aid their work in the interpretation and understanding of complex depositional systems.

  • Geographical Models with Mathematica

    • 1st Edition
    • Andre Dauphine
    • English
    Geographical Models with Mathematica provides a fairly comprehensive overview of the types of models necessary for the development of new geographical knowledge, including stochastic models, models for data analysis, for geostatistics, for networks, for dynamic systems, for cellular automata and for multi-agent systems, all discussed in their theoretical context. The author then provides over 65 programs, written in the Mathematica language, that formalize these models. Case studies are provided to help the reader apply these programs to their own studies.

  • An Introduction to Marine Geology

    • 1st Edition
    • M. J. Keen
    • J. A. Jacobs
    • English
    An account of some aspects of marine geology and marine geophysics, comprehensible to those at an early stage in their study of geology and to scientists who are not specialists in these fields. There are many biologists, chemists, mathematicians or physicists who work in the laboratory or on board ship with geologists and geophysicists and this book will help them to understand the aims of their colleages' experiments. Wherever possible, without a loss of necessary precision, terminology is deliberately simplified.

  • Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

    Proceedings of a Symposium Convened by Ahmad M.S. Al-Shanti
    • 1st Edition
    • S. A. Tahoun
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, Volume 1 presents the exploration for mineral resources in the Precambrian basement terrain underlying large areas of the Middle East. This book discusses the geological investigations of the tectonic evolution, structure, and metallogenesis of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Organized into four parts encompassing 15 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the study of the geology of the western Saudi Arabia. This text then examines the Pan-African basement, which has all the geological and geophysical characteristics of continental crust. Other chapters consider the tectonic evolution of parts of the central and southern Eastern Desert by using the available satellite images and detailed field work in specific areas. This book discusses as well mineralization and geological outline of the Red Sea Hills and the Nile Valley. The final chapter deals with the separation of the African and Arabian plates. This book is a valuable resource for geologists.

  • Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) Graptolites from Northwest China

    • 1st Edition
    • Chen Chen Xu + 4 more
    • English
    Darriwilian to Sandbian (Ordovician) Graptolites from Northwest China analyzes the significance of these exquisite, mostly pyritic, graptolites of the middle to late Ordovician period from North China and Tarim, China—locations that have developed the world’s most complete successions of strata and fossil records. The book provides the first systematic account of the renowned graptolite faunas, with over 100 species belonging to 45 genera and 15 families preserved in black shale and limestone, also presenting a comprehensive accounting of the graptolites during the critical transition from the middle to late Ordovician period with important data on new morphologies, the latest conventions in classification, diversity change and evolution, refined biostratigraphy divisions, and correlation with other major regions or continents. The book provides a key resource for paleontologists, stratigraphic specialists, petroleum geologists, and graduate students in varying fields of geology.

  • Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta

    • 1st Edition
    • Oluwafeyisola Sylvester Adegoke + 4 more
    • English
    Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta is available just as exploration and production activities are moving into the little known deep water terrain of the Niger Delta. A thorough understanding of the Cenozoic Niger Delta will improve understanding and exploration of the evolution of deeper offshore belts, help researchers strengthen and refine existing Neogene nannofossil biostratigraphic schemes for the Niger Delta region, and gain a better understanding of the relationship between nannofossil assemblage variations and paleoenvironments. The hydrocarbon reserves of the Niger Delta are an extremely valuable natural resource. Biostratigraphy and Correlation play important roles in the discovery, development and maturing of hydrocarbon fields. Calcareous nannofossils have been important tools for the stratigraphers in the Niger Delta and in recent years exploration has moved into deeper offshore areas where nannofossils are more abundant and diverse. Little has been published about the calcareous nannofossil chronostratigraphy of the Niger delta. Cenozoic Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of the Niger Delta fills the gap for earth scientists and those working in the oil and gas industry.

  • Stratigraphy & Timescales

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • English
    Stratigraphy and Timescales covers current research across a wide range of stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, palaeoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more.

  • The Planet Earth

    • 2nd Edition
    • D. R. Bates
    • English
    The Planet Earth, Second Edition reviews remarkable advances in understanding the physical aspects of the Earth, including technical developments that have made various new types of observation and measurement possible, as well as a deepened understanding of the fundamental laws of nature that have given the necessary basis for the interpretation of many of the complex phenomena concerned. Topics covered include the Van Allen radiation belts, the Mohole project, continental drift and polar wandering, the theory of magnetic storms and aurorae; and the possibility of extra-terrestrial sources of life. This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with an overview of the work and achievements of the International Geophysical Year. The reader is then introduced to the Earth's physical properties such as the deep interior, crust, oceans, climate, and geomagnetic field, as well as its origin, age, and possible ultimate fate. Subsequent chapters explore the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere; the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans; the ice ages; meteorology and weather forecasting; and experimental proof of the existence of the ionosphere. The airglow, aurorae and magnetic storms, meteors, cosmic radiation, and radiation belts are also described. The final chapter examines the genesis of life on Earth. This monograph is intended for students and practitioners of planetary and geophysical sciences.

  • Sediment Provenance

    Influences on Compositional Change from Source to Sink
    • 1st Edition
    • Rajat Mazumder
    • English
    Sediment Provenance: Influences on Compositional Change from Source to Sink provides a thorough and inclusive overview that features data-based case studies on a broad range of dynamic aspects in sedimentary rock structure and deposition. Provenance data plays a critical role in a number of aspects of sedimentary rocks, including the assessment of palaeogeographic reconstructions, the constraints of lateral displacements in orogens, the characterization of crust which is no longer exposed, the mapping of depositional systems, sub-surface correlation, and in predicting reservoir quality. The provenance of fine-grained sediments—on a global scale—has been used to monitor crustal evolution, and sediment transport is paramount in considering restoration techniques for both watershed and river restoration. Transport is responsible for erosion, bank undercutting, sandbar formation, aggradation, gullying, and plugging, as well as bed form migration and generation of primary sedimentary structures. Additionally, the quest for reservoir quality in contemporary hydrocarbon exploration and extraction necessitates a deliberate focus on diagenesis. This book addresses all of these challenges and arms geoscientists with an all-in-one reference to sedimentary rocks, from source to deposition.

  • Bleaching Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • M. K. Hasnuddin Siddiqui
    • English
    Bleaching Earths presents the diverse use of fuller's earth and bentonite, particularly in vegetable and mineral oil refining. This book discusses the different aspects of bleaching earths from the stray. Organized into seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the mineral composition of bleaching clays, which are often classified as fuller's earths and bentonites according to their inherent properties. This text then explains the three modes of formation of clay minerals, including weathering of igneous rocks, marine sediments, and hydrothermal alteration. Other chapters consider the properties of clay minerals, their classification, and relation to one another. This book discusses as well the various methods that are most helpful in the study of clays and related materials, including X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, and electron microscopy. The final chapter deals with the mineralogy of some typical clays that are susceptible to activation. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, physicists, chemists, and engineers.

  • Coastal Vegetation

    • 2nd Edition
    • V. J. Chapman
    • English
    Coastal Vegetation, Second Edition is an expanded series designed to give a general account of types of ecology or habitat of British vegetation. This book is composed of 10 chapters, and begins with a brief survey of the basic ecological principles. The succeeding chapters deal with the marine algal vegetation of the littoral and sublittoral. These topics are followed descriptions of the phanerogamic and algal vegetation of salt and brackish marshes and the vegetation of sand dunes together with their “slacks”. Other chapters examine the specialized vegetation associated with the drift-line and the vegetation of shingle beaches. The final chapters are concerned with the plants found on coastal cliffs and the mangrove. This book is of value to undergraduate students with subjects related to coastal vegetation.

  • Polysaccharides

    • 1st Edition
    • Gerald O. Aspinall
    • English
    Polysaccharides provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the chemistry of polysaccharides. This book discusses the methods used for the isolation, purification, and structural determination of the various types of polysaccharide. Organized into 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the almost universal occurrence of natural macromolecules in living organisms where they form a variety of functions. This text then examines the isolation of polysaccharides, which involves solubilization in aqueous solvents or in dipolar aprotic solvents. Other chapters consider the industrial applications of polysaccharides and of their derivatives. This book discusses as well the procedure for the isolation of wood polysaccharides, which involves the preparation of a holocellulose by the selective solubilization of the lignin. The final chapter deals with the classes of complex natural polymers in which the nature of the linkage of sugar units to other structural units have been established. This book is a valuable resource for biologists.

  • Fault and Joint Development

    In Brittle and Semi-Brittle Rock
    • 1st Edition
    • Neville J. Price
    • F. H. T. Rhodes
    • English
    Fault and Joint Development in Brittle and Semi-brittle Rock deals with theories of fault and joint development in rock when they behave as brittle or semi-brittle material. The book contains three chapters, the first of which deals with some of the concepts and criteria of brittle failure along with an attempt to define limits of temperature and pressure below which rocks may behave in a brittle or semi-brittle manner. The second and third chapters discuss the application of these concepts of brittle failure and elastic theory to the problems of faulting and jointing, respectively. It is emphasized that since this book deals with theoretical aspects of structural geology it is concerned with generalizations and approximations. It must be left to the reader to decide how closely these theories approximate to any particular field data. This book is primarily intended for senior undergraduates and postgraduates in geology interested in the interpretation of geological structures. It may also be of interest to some mining and civil engineers.

  • The Northwest European Pollen Flora

    Reprinted from Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Vol. 33
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume III
    • W. Punt + 1 more
    • English

  • Petroleum Geology of Libya

    • 2nd Edition
    • Don Hallett + 1 more
    • English
    Petroleum Geology of Libya, Second Edition, systematically reviews the exploration history, plate tectonics, structural evolution, stratigraphy, geochemistry and petroleum systems of Libya, and includes valuable new chapters on oil and gas fields, production, and reserves. Since the previous edition, published in 2002, there have been numerous developments in Libya, including the lifting of sanctions, a new licensing system, with licensing rounds in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007, many new exploratory wells, discoveries and field developments, and a change of regime. A large amount of new data has been published on the geology of Libya in the past fourteen years, but it is widely scattered through the literature. Much of the older data has been superseded, and several of the key publications, especially those published in Libya, are difficult to access. This second edition provides an updated source of reference which incorporates much new information, particularly on petroleum systems, reserves, oil and gas fields, play fairways, and remaining potential. It presents the results of recent research and a detailed description of Libyan offshore geology. The book includes an extensive and comprehensive bibliography.

  • Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals

    Halloysite and Imogolite
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • English
    Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals provides the latest coverage from leading scientists on a wide field of expertise regarding the current state of knowledge about nanosized tubular clay minerals. All chapters have been carefully edited and coordinated, and readers will find a resource that provides a clear view of the fundamental properties of clay materials and how their properties vary in chemical composition, structure, and the ways in which their modes of occurrence affect their engineering applications. Besides being a great reference, the book provides research scientists, university teachers, industrial chemists, physicists, graduate students, and environmental engineers and technologists with the ability to analyze and characterize clays and clay minerals to improve selectivity, along with techniques on how they can apply clays in ceramics in all aspects of industrial, geotechnical, agricultural, and environmental use.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Index to Volumes 1–10
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas E. Bridge + 1 more
    • Earl Ingerson
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals: Index to the Proceedings of the First to the Tenth National Conferences provides the lists of materials presented in the First up to the Tenth Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals. The selection aids in the retrieval of information that was disclosed in the conference. The index will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners in the field of clay science.

  • Newnes Guide to Satellite TV

    Installation, Reception and Repair
    • 2nd Edition
    • D. J. Stephenson
    • English

  • Lunar Science: A Post - Apollo View

    Scientific Results and Insights from The Lunar Samples
    • 1st Edition
    • Stuart Ross Taylor
    • English
    Lunar Science: A Post-Apollo View: Scientific Results and Insights from the Lunar Samples explains the scientific results and discoveries of the manned Apollo lunar missions as they are understood. The emphasis is less on sample description and data and more on the interpretative aspects of the study, with the aim of providing a coherent story of the evolution of the moon and its origin as revealed by the lunar samples and the Apollo missions. This text has seven chapters; the first of which provides a historical background of efforts to study the moon prior to the Apollo missions, including lunar photogeologic mapping and direct exploration by spacecraft. Attention then turns to the Apollo missions and the lunar samples collected, beginning with Apollo 11 that landed on the moon on July 20, 1969 and followed by more missions. The next chapter describes the geology of the moon, with emphasis on craters, central peaks and peak rings, the large ringed basins, rilles, and maria lava flows. The reader is also introduced to the nature of the lunar surface material, the maria basalts, the highlands, and the moon’s interior. This book concludes with a discussion on the evidence that has been gathered by the Apollo missions that offers insights into the origin and evolution of the moon. An epilogue reflects on the usefulness of manned space flight. This book will appeal to lunar scientists as well as to those with an interest in astronomy and space exploration.

  • The Earth's Middle Atmosphere

    • 1st Edition
    • W. L. Grose + 2 more
    • English
    The Earth’s Middle Atmosphere covers the Proceedings of Symposium C2 and the Topical Meetings of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commissions A and C (Meetings A7 and C4) of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting held in Washington, DC, USA, on August 28-September 5, 1992. The first part covers the impact of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) observations on middle atmosphere science. This topic includes the early results of the validation and the application of the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) data, which is an instrumental approach to the measurement of thermal infrared spectral emission from the atmospheric limb. An overview of the Halogen Occultation Experiment and the use of the UARS data in the NOAA stratospheric monitoring are also discussed in this part. It also includes the observed solar UV irradiance variations of importance to middle atmosphere energetic and photochemistry, as well as the stratospheric and mesospheric observations with the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder. The second part of the book tackles the energetics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere as well as the dynamics and coupling of the middle atmosphere to regions above and below. Results on the validation of the UARS wind and temperature measurements at and above the mesopause comprise the third part of this book. This book will be a great value to geophysicists and atmospheric scientists.

  • Professional Indemnity Claims

    An Architect's Guide
    • 1st Edition
    • N P G Thomas
    • English

  • Physics of the Earth's Interior

    • 1st Edition
    • Beno Gutenberg
    • J. Van Mieghem
    • English
    Physics of the Earth's Interior embraces such a wide range of properties and processes that the space available in one volume imposes severe limitations on their discussion. Moreover, the uneven familiarity of any geophysicist with the many fields of natural science which are involved favors their uneven treatment. For these reasons, the author has limited discussions related to gravity, terrestrial magnetism, tectonic processes, and the history of the earth, to such problems which, if solved, may give information on the earth's interior. On the other hand, seismological investigations are discussed only insofar as they bear upon the structure of the earth and the physics of its interior; seismology is to be treated in detail in another monograph of this series. The book contains nine chapters and begins with a discussion of methods of investigating the earth's interior, and the accuracy of the results. This is followed by separate chapters on the structure of the earth; the crust, mantle, and core; temperature and thermal processes in the earth; density, pressure, gravity, and flattening in the earth; elastic constants, and elastic processes; and nonelastic processes in the earth.

  • Thermodynamics of Clouds

    • 1st Edition
    • Louis Dufour + 1 more
    • J. Van Mieghem
    • English
    Thermodynamics of Clouds is a coherent and rational account of the thermodynamics of clouds that requires only a little knowledge of general thermodynamics; which takes up each idea from the beginning and allows the reader to appreciate the degree of rigor or of approximation at each stage; and which discusses each hypothesis and develops each theory with a clear statement of the basic physical concepts. It places at the disposal of meteorologists a working tool which will allow them to master the problems encountered in this branch of meteorology. The book contains 13 chapters that can be organized into three general parts. The first part establishes the general formulas of the thermodynamics of surfaces. In the second part the general formulas that were established in the preceding chapters are applied to some meteorological problems. The third and final part of the book deals with the theory of condensation and crystallization germs.

  • Conceptual Models in Exploration Geochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • C.R.M. Butt + 1 more
    • English

  • Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Hiroshi Fujita
    • Eric Hutchinson + 1 more
    • English
    Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis deals with ultracentrifugal analysis. The book reviews flow equations for the ultracentrifuge, for two component systems, for multicomponent systems, and in chemically reacting systems. It explains the Svedberg equation and its extensions, and also the tests of the Onsager reciprocal relation. By employing a system consisting of two strong electrolytes and a solvent, the book illustrates that the sedimentation processes can be treated in terms of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It also explains sedimentation-diffus... equilibrium and an approach to sedimentation equilibrium. It reviews the prediction of the time required to reach equilibrium, the estimates being made by Weaver (1926), and by Mason and Weaver (1924). The book employs sedimentation in a sector-shaped cell in a centrifugal field, of which the solutions of Mason and Weaver closely approximate the actual concentration distribution in the ultra-centrifuge cell. Other accurate solutions are by Fujita, Nazarian (1958), Yphantis, and Waugh. The book will prove valuable for mathematicians, physical chemists, biophysical chemists students, or professor of advanced mathematics.

  • The Upper Atmosphere

    Meteorology and Physics
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard A. Craig
    • J. Van Mieghem
    • English
    The Upper Atmosphere: Meteorology and Physics focuses on the study of the characteristics, movements, composition, and observations of the upper atmosphere. The book first offers information on the meteorological conditions in the lower stratosphere and the structure and circulation of the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere. Topics include balloon sounding systems, climatology of the lower stratosphere, disturbed circulation of the lower stratosphere, rocket measurements, and frequent measurements with balloons and meteorological rockets. The text then ponders on the sun's radiation and the upper atmosphere and composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere. The manuscript elaborates on the composition and structure of the thermosphere, including photochemical processes, diffusion, composition and structure measurements, and structure of the thermosphere. The text also ponders on radiative processes and heat transfer; atmospheric tides and winds in the lower thermosphere; and transport of properties in the upper atmosphere. The publication is a valuable source of information for readers interested in the meteorology and physics of the upper atmosphere.

  • Atmosphere—Ocean Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Adrian E. Gill
    • William L. Donn
    • English
    Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics deals with a systematic and unified approach to the dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere. The book reviews the relationship of the ocean-atmosphere and how this system functions. The text explains this system through radiative equilibrium models; the book also considers the greenhouse effect, the effects of convection and of horizontal gradients, and the variability in radiative driving of the earth. Equations in the book show the properties of a material element, mass conservation, the balance of scalar quantity (such as salinity), and the mathematical behavior of the ocean and atmosphere. The book also addresses how the ocean-atmosphere system tends to adjust to equilibrium, both in the absence and presence of driving forces such as gravity. The text also explains the effect of the earth's rotation on the system, as well as the application of forced motions such as that produced by wind or temperature changes. The book explains tropical dynamics and the effects of variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. The text will be appreciated by meteorologists, environmentalists, students studying hydrology, and people working in general earth sciences.

  • Energy at the Surface of the Earth

    An Introduction to the Energetics of Ecosystems
    • 1st Edition
    • David H. Miller
    • J. Van Mieghem + 1 more
    • English
    Energy at the Surface of the Earth: An Introduction to the Energetics of Ecosystems presents way of looking at the manner in which the biological, physical, and cultural systems that mantle the landmasses of our planet receive, transform, and give off energy, which is an essential condition of existence that takes many forms. Energy conversions establish the climate in which these systems operate. The principal forms of energy that are converted at the ecosystem scale include radiant, latent, mechanical, chemical and fossil, and thermal. The book begins with radiant energy absorbed by ecosystems—a phenomenon that is independent of their surface temperature and that can be looked on as a burden or a gift, depending on circumstances. An increase in such absorption raises surface temperature, as described in the fulcrum chapter of the book, Chapter VIII. This increase in turn sets into action outflows of energy that by the first law of thermodynamics are equal in energy units, although not necessarily equal in quality to the inflows. The final chapters deal with vertical stratification and areal contrasts in energy budgets, the augmented energy budget of the city, and the responses that serve to keep the budget balanced.

  • The Geology of the Canary Islands

    • 1st Edition
    • Valentin R. Troll + 1 more
    • English
    The Geology of the Canary Islands provides a concise overview of the geology and volcanology of the Canary Islands, along with 27 carefully planned day excursions comprising trips on all of the islands. Each stop includes a description on how to approach a site and where to park with GPS locations provided. The book covers all the spectacular features of the islands, including active ocean island volcanoes whose origins are linked to a hot spot or plume causing anomalously hot mantle material to intrude the African plate, submarine volcanic sequences uplifted inside the islands, sub- aerial shield volcanoes, and the remains of giant lateral collapses. Through its clearly written and richly color-illustrated introduction and field guide, this book is essential reading for geologists who visit the Canary Islands, one of the largest and most fascinating active volcanic systems in Europe.

  • A Concise Geologic Time Scale

    2016
    • 1st Edition
    • J.G. Ogg + 2 more
    • English
    A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016 presents a summary of Earth's history over the past 4.5 billion years, as well as a brief overview of contemporaneous events on the Moon, Mars, and Venus. The authors have been at the forefront of chronostratigraphic research and initiatives to create an international geologic time scale for many years, and the charts in this book present the most up-to-date international standard, as ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences. This book is an essential reference for all geoscientists, including researchers, students, and petroleum and mining professionals. The presentation is non-technical and illustrated with numerous colour charts, maps and photographs.

  • Geological Controls for Gas Hydrates and Unconventionals

    • 1st Edition
    • Sanjeev Rajput + 1 more
    • English
    Geological Controls for Gas Hydrate Formations and Unconventionals tells the story of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, especially gas hydrates, tight gas, shale gas, liquid- rich shale, and shale oil, to future generations. It presents the most current research in unconventionals, covering structural constituents of continental margins and their role in generating hydrocarbons. Additionally, this book answers basic questions regarding quantifications and characterizations, distributions, modes of occurrence, physical and chemical properties, and more — in essence, all the information that is necessary to improve the models for precision prediction of the enigma of gas hydrates and other unconventionals. Blending geology, geophysics, geomechanics, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering, it explains in simple language the scientific concepts that are necessary to develop geological and reservoir models for unconventionals.Serv... as a focal point for geoscientists and engineers conducting research that focuses on reservoir characteristics of unconventionals, Geological Controls for Gas Hydrate Formations and Unconventionals is a useful resource for a variety of other specialiststies including physicists, geochemists, exploration geologists, and petroleum and reservoir engineers. It details the key factors for successful exploration and development of unconventional reservoirs including discovery, data evaluation, full-field development, production, and abandonment, along with a vivid description ofn the worldwide occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbons.

  • Measurements from Maps

    Principles and Methods of Cartometry
    • 1st Edition
    • D H Maling
    • English
    A classic text and reference work for students, academics and professionals approaching cartometry from a wide range of backgrounds - geography, cartography, forestry and stereology. The author hasd transcended these subject boundaries to produce a definitive and coherent guide to the theory and technique of measuring distance and areas on maps. To increase this book's accessibility, a minimum of mathematical knowledge is assumed.

  • Applied Climatology

    A Study of Atmospheric Resources
    • 1st Edition
    • John E. Hobbs
    • K. J. Gregory
    • English
    Applied Climatology: A Study of Atmospheric Resources focuses on the management of the atmosphere as a resource. The book first discusses the atmospheric system, including atmospheric circulation and energy in the system. The text then examines the variable atmosphere. Scale variability, climatic change, air pollution, and hazards and extremes are considered. The book also focuses on weather and human behavior. Human biometeorology and climatic determinism; climate and comfort; weather and society; and climate and health are discussed. The text also describes the impacts of extreme events, including tropical cyclones, local storms, cumulative hazards, and climatic change and world food production. The selection also focuses on the effects of weather on daily human activities, including leisure and recreation, construction industry, retailing, utilities, and agriculture. The text then highlights weather forecasting and management of atmospheric resources. Types and methods of forecasting; accuracy and reliability of forecasts; dissemination and application of weather forecasts; weather and climate modification; and role of meteorologists are discussed. The book is a good source of information for readers interested to study the atmosphere as a resource.

  • Geology of the Himalayan Belt

    Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy
    • 1st Edition
    • B.K. Chakrabarti
    • English
    Geology of the Himalayan Belt: Deformation, Metamorphism, Stratigraphy presents sophisticated metamorphic and igneous rock data across various Himalayan geographic sectors, capturing their petrography, metamorphism, structure, mineralization, and regional tectonic research. With an east-west extension of about 3000 kilometers and numerous 8000 meter peaks, the Himalayas are the most spectacular mountain ranges on earth. Since the 19th century, they have provided a testing ground of global importance for the development of geodynamic concepts, from isostasy over continental collision, to more recently, feedback mechanisms between tectonics and climate. This book collects the broad range of data that’s been gathered on the Himalayas over the past 50 years, providing a comprehensive analysis and interpretation on the available data that brings the scientific community a better understanding of the geological diversity and structure of the Himalayan belt, along with new techniques that have applications in a host of global geological settings.

  • Precambrian Geology

    The Dynamic Evolution of the Continental Crust
    • 1st Edition
    • Alan M. Goodwin
    • English
    The main goal of this book is to provide a modern comprehensive statement on the Earth's Precambrian crust. It uses geographic and tectonic location, lithostratigraphy, geochronology, and petrogenesis as a basis for considering Precambrian coastal evolution--including the role of plate tectonics. Detailed consideration is given to the endogenic and exogenic processes which formed the continental crust and also to its subsequent secular evolution across Precambrian time**An essential reference volume for every Precambrian geologist.

  • Thesaurus of Rock and Soil Mechanics Terms

    • 1st Edition
    • J P Jenkins + 1 more
    • English
    Thesaurus of Rock and Soil Mechanics Terms is a book of synonym, including terms used in geology, mining, hydrology, engineering, and similar fields. The terms are organized alphabetically with preferred terms in bold and non-preferred terms in italic. This text also provides non-trivial relationship to other preferred terms for each preferred terms. This book will be of great use to professionals or researchers such as geologists, miners, and engineers whose line of work involves the identification and classification of earthen materials.

  • Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences, Vol. 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Vladimir Pokorný
    • John W. Neale
    • English
    Earth Sciences, Volume X: Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology highlights the morphological, phylogenetic and ecological analysis of microfossils. This book is composed of 10 chapters that survey the most important microfossil taxa, their variety of form, evolution, relationships, and distribution. The opening chapter provides an introduction to the historical development of micropalaeontology. The succeeding chapters present the procedures for the collection, preparation, and microstratigraphic analysis of microfossils. The remaining chapters discuss the morphological, ecological, and phylogenetic properties of Radiolaria, Thekamoebae, Foraminifera, Tintinnina, Incertae sedis, Chitinozoa, and Hystrichosphere microfossils. This book is intended as a textbook and as a manual for practicing micropalaeontologist...

  • Geodynamics of Rifting

    • 1st Edition
    • P.A. Ziegler
    • English
    This volume contains papers giving an interdisciplinary review of 12 major rift systems from North and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia. These papers are written by an international group of academic and industrial specialists each of whom is most knowledgeable about the respective rift. The analyzed rifts were selected on the basis of availability of an as-complete-as-possi... geological and geophysical data base. Thirteen papers deal with geodynamic processes governing the evolution of rifts.A comprehensive digest of the available stratigraphic, structural, geophysical and petrological data, together with an extensive list of references, is provided for each of the analyzed rift systems. The megatectonic setting and dynamics of evolution of each basin is discussed. Geodynamic models are tested against the record of the analyzed rifts.The question of "active" as against "passive" rifting is addressed. The rifts analyzed range in age from Precambrian to Recent and cover a wide spectrum of megatectonic settings. There is discussion of the evolution of rifts in a plate-tectonic frame. The case histories are followed by discussions addressing the global setting of rifts and geodynamic processes active during the development of rifted basins.

  • Advances in Organic Geochemistry

    Proceedings of the Third International Congress
    • 1st Edition
    • G. D. Hobson + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Organic Geochemistry is a collection of proceedings presented at the Third International Congress on Organic Geochemistry held in London on September 26-28, 1966. The papers explore advances in organic geochemistry and cover a wide range of topics, from carbon isotope variations in marine sediments to hydrogen isotopic fractionation of water passing through trees. Correlation problems among crude oils and the origin of trace metal enrichment in bituminous shales are also discussed. Comprised of 34 chapters, this volume begins by presenting the results of a carbon isotope study on methane from German coal deposits, followed by an analysis of the significance of carbon isotope variations in marine sediments. Subsequent chapters deal with the geochemical aspects of the occurrence of porphyrins in mineral oils and rocks in West Venezuela; pentacyclic triterpanes from petroleum; geochemical prospecting for petroleum; and the geochemical significance of pore fluid in shales. The nitrogenous constituents of deep-sea sediments are also considered, along with transformations of normal fatty acids in sediments and thermal alteration of organic matter in sediments. This book will be of interest to organic chemists and geochemists.

  • Institute of Applied Geology

    Proceedings of a Symposium Convened
    • 1st Edition
    • Ahmad M. S. Al-Shanti
    • English
    Evolution and Mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, Volume 3 presents the exploration for mineral resources in the Precambrian basement terrain underlying large areas of the Middle East. This book discusses the geological investigations of the tectonic evolution, structure, and metallogenesis of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Organized into three parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the chronologic scheme for the evolution of the southern part of the Arabian Shied and provides evidence of its genesis at a convergent plate margin between blocks of oceanic lithosphere. This text then examines the granitic crust with associated calc-alkaline volcanics of Pan-African age. Other chapters consider the isotopic ages for the rocks of the Egyptian basement complex. This book discusses as well the distribution, form, and variety of intrusive activity in the Jiddah–Rabigh–Wadi Al-Quaha area. The final chapter deals with the properties of igneous rocks from Jordan. This book is a valuable resource for geologists.

  • The Geological Evolution of the British Isles

    • 1st Edition
    • T. R. Owen
    • English
    Outlines the geological history and evolution of the British Isles and its surrounding sea areas. New information concerning Britain's evolution has emerged from the recent exploration of the seas around Britain in the search for oil and gas and much of this new information has been incorporated. The book will serve university and college students, sixth-form pupils in geology and will also be valuable to students in the allied disciplines such as geography, oceanography, and civil engineering

  • Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology

    International Series of Monographs on Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • John W. Neale
    • English
    Principles of Zoological Micropalaeontology, Volume II focuses on the study of microfossils. The book first discusses the nature and characteristics of sponges, including the morphology and main groups of sponge spicules, modifications of the shape of sponge spicules, and arrangement of skeletal elements. The text also looks at octocorals and scolecodonts. The taxonomic relationships of the melanoscleritoids; anatomy of the anterior part of the digestive system tract of polychaeta; and classification of scolecodonts are described. The selection also touches on conodonts. Topics include morphology; phylogeny of lamellar conodonts; and geological distribution of conodonts and their value in correlation. The text also examines ostracoda and echinodermata, including reproduction, sexual dimorphism, ecology of ostracods, and skeletal elements of crinoidea, echinoidea, and holothuroidea. The book also discusses otoliths. Topics include nomenclature and morphology of otoliths; geological distribution and value of otoliths, and history of research. The text is a good source of information for readers interested in fossils.

  • Strain Patterns in Rocks

    A Selection of Papers Presented at the International Workshop, Rennes, 13-14 May 1982
    • 1st Edition
    • P. R. Cobbold + 1 more
    • English
    Strain Patterns in Rocks is a selection of papers presented at the international workshop, held in Rennes on May 13-14, 1982. The book presents papers on the techniques of strain measurement; an orthographic analysis of deformation; and the applications of the Mohr circle to inhomogeneous deformation. The text also includes papers on the methods of strain removal; a general transformation to simulate heterogeneous strain states; the significance of isotropic points; and the detection of volume changes. Papers on the analyses of strain discontinuity at interfaces; strain refraction through contrasting layers; and strain patterns in ductile shear zones and at the tips to shear and thrust zones are also considered. The book further includes papers on the natural strain patterns: in mylonite zones, in granites, in Alpine nappes, in linearly anisotropic rocks, in an ice cap and in a boudin model.

  • Origin and Distribution of the Elements

    International Series of Monographs in Earth Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • L. H. Ahrens
    • English
    Origin and Distribution of the Elements, Volume 30 presents detailed studies of trace elements and isotopes and the use of these data with the techniques of physical and organic chemistry to make relevant interpretations in geology. This book discusses some of the problems of applied chemistry. Organized into five sections encompassing 89 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the theories of nucleosynthesis that are based on broad empirical foundations involving experiment in nuclear physics and observation in geophysics and astronomy. This text then explores the primeval abundance of the elements wherein the composition of the material from which the Galaxy is formed. Other chapters consider the production of helium in the galaxy. This book discusses as well the dynamics of the cores of highly evolved massive stars. The final chapter deals with the measurements of site populations in crystal structures by electron diffraction and X-ray. Physicists, astronomers, geologists, and geochemists will find this book extremely useful.

  • The First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar

    • 1st Edition
    • F. E. Ian Hamilton
    • English
    The First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar contains the scientific reports prepared by the participants of First British-Soviet Geographical Seminar held in Great Britain on May 9-20, 1978. The seminar focuses on tendencies in the development of contemporary trends and methods of scientific geographical studies in Soviet Union and Great Britain. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the contemporary British geography and modern Soviet geography. Subsequent chapters explore the use of minicomputers in geography teaching; expanded model of curriculum development and diffusion in education; postgraduate research students in British universities; research and application in British geomorphology; and the Soviet physical and biological geography. Other chapters detail landscape protection and development control; aims and implementation in British urban and regional planning; main methods of systems analysis relevant to urban and regional modeling; problems of the inner city; and the statistical and cartographic methods of analyzing spatial patterns of mortality. The geography of mineral supply; socio-economic geography in the U.S.S.R.; and the possibilities for future British-Soviet co-operation in geography are also addressed.

  • Newnes Short Wave Listening Handbook

    • 1st Edition
    • Joe Pritchard
    • English
    Newnes Short Wave Listening Handbook is a guide for starting up in short wave listening (SWL). The book is comprised of 15 chapters that discuss the basics and fundamental concepts of short wave radio listening. The coverage of the text includes electrical principles; types of signals that can be heard in the radio spectrum; and using computers in SWL. The book also covers SWL equipment, such as receivers, converters, and circuits. The text will be of great use to individuals who want to get into short wave listening.

  • Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1964

    Proceedings of the International Meeting in Rueil-Malmaison, 1964
    • 1st Edition
    • G. D. Hobson + 1 more
    • English
    Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1964 contains papers presented at the Second International Congress on Organic Geochemistry at Rueil-Malmaison, France on September 28-30, 1964. This collection discusses developments made in the field of organic-chemistry and the incorporation of organic matter with clay minerals. To understand the process involved in such association of materials, the text explains the overall reaction between the clay particles and all the organic and inorganic substances in the test solution. The study gives the trace element assemblages found in the Mansfield Marine Band as an example. Another study discusses the occurrence of isoprenoid alkanes in a Precambrian sediment where alkanes and porphyrin pigments, which remain stable for a long time in many geological conditions, can act as biological markers. The paper notes the Marker Bed of the Precambrian Nonesuch Shale Formation in Michigan. The book also presents more research such as those involving the Black Shales of the South-east Sicilian Triassic Basin and the Cretaceous Black Shales of the Cyrenaica Basin. The text then explains the use of electron spin resonance in studying concentrations of free radicals where the results of different measurements made on a Colorado coal are shown on a table. One paper addresses a study of the relative abundance of stable carbon isotopes as pointers to the evolution and genesis of petroleum. This collection will prove valuable for analytical and organic chemists, chemical engineers, geologists, and students of organic chemistry or geology.

  • Clays and Clay Minerals

    Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals
    • 1st Edition
    • Ada Swineford
    • English
    Clays and Clay Minerals, Volume 5 contains the proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals held in Washington, D.C., on October 20-23, 1958. The papers explore developments in clays and clay mineralogy and cover topics such as differential settling tendencies of clay minerals in saline waters; effect of seawater on clay minerals; clay mineralogy of bottom sediments; relationships in the montmorillonite group of clay minerals; and water content of vermiculite. Advances in X-ray diftractometry of clay minerals are also discussed. This book is comprised of 23 chapters and begins with an analysis of differential settling velocities of individual clay mineral types and clay mineral mixtures in quiet saline water. The reader is then introduced to rapid dissolution of allophane and kaolinite-halloysite after dehydration; formation of chlorite-like structures from montmorillonite; regional clay mineral patterns in the Gulf of Mexico; and quantitative X-ray determinations of some aluminous clay minerals in rocks. The geology of clay deposits in parts of Washington and Idaho is also examined, along with the influence of exchangeable cations on the viscosity of clay suspensions. The final chapter presents the results of X-ray analysis of soil colloids by a modified salted paste method. This volume will be of value to earth scientists, mineralogists, and those interested in clays.

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