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Elsevier

Books in Chemistry

Chemistry topic areas include: physical and theoretical, computational, organic, organometallic and inorganic, pharmaceutical and medicinal, analytical and bioanalytical, nuclear, general, nanochemistry, geochemistry, materials and polymer, as well as environmental, green and sustainable chemistry.

  • Interacting Macromolecules

    The Theory and Practice of Their Electrophoresis, Ultracentrifugation, and Chromatography
    • 1st Edition
    • John Cann
    • English
    Interacting Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of Their Electrophoresis, Ultracentrifugation, and Chromatography reviews advances in theory and practice concerning the electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and chromatography of interacting macromolecules. The principles of mass transport of non-interacting systems are discussed, along with the weak electrolyte moving-boundary theory and analytical solution of approximate transport equations for certain types of interactions. Computer computations on ligand-mediated association-dissocia... reactions are also presented. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a survey of the principles of electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation of non-reacting systems before proceeding with a detailed treatment of the mass transport of reversibly reacting macromolecules. A conservation equation is derived for a solution containing a single macromolecular ion. The following chapters explore the weak-electrolyte moving-boundary theory; the analytical Solution of approximate conservation equations; and numerical solution of exact conservation equations. The formulation of the numerical computation for ligand-mediated association-dissocia... reactions is described, together with a code for sedimentation calculations. The final chapter summarizes the procedures and precautions required to assure accurate interpretation of sedimentation and electrophoretic patterns in terms of the thermodynamic and molecular parameters characterizing the reactions exhibited by biological macromolecules. The more common analytical applications of ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and chromatography are also outlined. This monograph is intended for molecular biologists and graduate students.

  • Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Curtis Williams
    • English
    Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Volume I: Preparation of Antigens and Antibodies is aimed to bring together detailed procedures in the preparation of antigens and antibodies. The text also provides a presentation and discussion of these methods. The book covers topics in immunology such as antigens, its kinds, and the preparation and testing of lipids for immunological study. The production of antiserum; the preparation of immunogens; collecting and handling of serum; and immunization procedures are also explained. The book also discusses the purification of antibodies; methods of labeling antigens and antibodies; and the methods used in the studies of the structure of immunoglobulins. The text is recommended for immunologists who would like to know the different procedures and methods involved in immunology as well as the principles behind it. The book will also serve as a guide for medical staff who prepare products related to immunology.

  • Stereochemical and Stereophysical Behaviour of Macrocycles

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    Stereochemical and Stereophysical Behavior of Macrocycles deals with the stereochemical and stereophysical properties of macrocyclic ligands and their coordination compounds. More specifically, the stereochemistry of metallic macrocyclics is discussed, along with the relationship between the thermodynamics and stereochemistry of macrocyclics and cryptates. The stereochemical aspects of the macrocycles of second and third row transition elements are also examined. Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the stereochemistry of metallic macrocyclics as well as their structure, together with the conformation of their chemical rings and the steric effects of their coordination geometry. The next chapter considers the relationship between the thermodynamics and stereochemistry of macrocyclics and cryptates, with particular reference to the macrocyclic and cryptate effect. Cation-ligand interactions and solvent effects upon complex formation are described, along with macrocyclic and macrobicyclic ligands having different donor atoms. The final chapter is devoted to the stereochemical aspects of the macrocycles of transition metal ions, with additional comments on the stereochemistry of copper and nickel in unusual oxidation states. This book will be of interest to inorganic chemists.

  • The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes V6

    Reactive Dyes
    • 1st Edition
    • K Venkataraman
    • English
    The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Volume VI: Reactive Dyes is devoted solely to the reactive dyes, emphasizing their outstanding technical importance and development. This compilation is divided into three chapters. Chapter I focuses on the reactive group, while Chapter II describes the methods of preparation of typical and technically important reactive dyes. The technology and basic chemistry of the application of reactive dyes to textile fibers are covered in the last chapter. This compilation specifically discusses the reactive groups bound to the colorant, synthesis of reactive dyes, and establishment of the dye-fiber linkage. This volume is intended primarily for organic chemists and technologists concerned with the synthesis of dyes and their applications.

  • Molecular Conformation and Dynamics of Macromolecules in Condensed Systems

    A Collection of Contributions Based on Lectures Presented at the 1st Toyota Conference, Inuyama City, Japan, 28 September - 1 October 1987
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • M. Nagasawa
    • English
    Macromolecular materials possess some remarkable features arising from the fact that their molecules are made up of more or less flexible chains which can have various conformations. The study of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules is important in polymer science and technology from both basic and practical viewpoints. In practice, these studies have concentrated on dilute solutions but more recently there has been a clear trend towards studying molecular properties in condensed systems in order to understand the entire macromolecular system based on a unified concept.Based on lectures presented by an internationally recognized group of polymer scientists at a meeting held in Japan in October 1987 (plus two additional contributions), this volume summarises present knowledge of molecular conformations and dynamics of macromolecules from dilute solutions to various condensed systems. The book is not a random collection of papers of the usual conference proceedings type. Authors prepared their contributions in line with an overall plan for the work, were able to discuss the content with colleagues at the meeting, and finalised their text after the conference. It is thus a comprehensive, integrated overview of the field. Current developments in both theory and experiment are discussed in a well-balanced way. The behaviour of macromolecules at phase transition and interface is discussed in relation to their behaviour in bulk systems.The book offers a particularly up-to-date and authoritative picture of the current state of the art, and will be of interest to all research and professional workers concerned with polymer science in universities, industry, and government institutions.

  • Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank Bovey
    • English
    Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules provides an introduction to the chain structures of synthetic polymers and their determination in solution and in the solid state. This book discusses the synthetic methods and polymerization mechanisms. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the brief history of the macromolecular concept and of stereochemical and geometrical isomerism in synthetic polymer chains. This text then introduces vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Other chapters consider the geometric isomerism in diene copolymers as well as the rotational isomeric state method of calculation of polymer chain dimensions. This book discusses as well copolymerization and the measurement of copolymer structure. The final chapter deals with the NMR observation of polymers in the solid state by the method of magic angle spinning, by which both dynamic measurements and high resolution structural information are possible. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists, chemical engineers, and research workers.

  • Introductory Organic Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • J.T. Gerig
    • English
    Introductory Organic Chemistry provides a descriptive overview of organic chemistry and how modern organic chemistry is practiced. Organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, cycloalkenes, and alkynes are covered, along with aromatic hydrocarbons, compounds derived from water and hydrogen sulfide, and compounds derived from ammonia. This book also explores organic reaction mechanisms and describes the use of molecular spectroscopy in studying the chemical structure of organic complexes. This text consists of 15 chapters and begins with a discussion on some fundamental ideas about organic chemistry, from the electronic structure of atoms to molecular structure, molecular orbitals, hybridization of atomic orbitals in carbon, chemical equilibrium, enthalpy, and acids and bases. The chapters that follow focus on the compounds of carbon such as alkanes and cycloalkanes; benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons; amines and other heterocyclic molecules; aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids and their derivatives; nucleic acids; amino acids; peptides; and proteins. The use of instrumentation methods in organic chemistry, particularly mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is also considered. An account of the mechanisms of an organic reaction is presented, paying particular attention to displacement and elimination reactions. This book concludes with a commentary on how most of the amino acids, sugars, heterocyclic molecules, and fatty acids necessary for life processes could have been formed on Earth. This book is intended for nonmajors taking an introductory organic chemistry course of two quarters or one semester in length.

  • Chemistry

    Imagination and Implication
    • 1st Edition
    • A. Truman Schwartz
    • English
    Chemistry: Imagination and Implication focuses on the importance and impact of chemistry on daily living. This book discusses the essential concepts of chemistry and its application. Organized into 16 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the experimental facts, principles, and methods of chemistry as an aid in exercising intelligent and informed judgment in instances where controversy surrounds the interaction of chemistry with society or the individual. This text then explores the practical arts of metallurgy, which achieved a considerable degree of sophistication long before they were scientifically understood. The reader is then introduced to the atomic concept, the conservation of mass, as well as to the substances that constitute the living things. Other chapters consider the polymerization of amino acids into peptides and proteins. The final chapter examines the various applications of radioactive isotopes produced in particle accelerators. This book is intended for students and teachers who are involved in a chemistry course.

  • Mathematical Methods XIA

    • 1st Edition
    • Douglas Henderson
    • English
    Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise: Mathematical Methods, Volume XIA, is devoted to mathematical techniques of interest to chemists. The purpose of this treatise is to present a comprehensive treatment of physical chemistry for advanced students and investigators in a reasonably small number of volumes. An attempt has been made to include all important topics in physical chemistry together with borderline subjects which are of particular interest and importance. The book begins with discussions of elementary concepts such as linear vector spaces; generalized function theory; complex variable theory; boundary-value problems; approximating functions and their applications in numerical differentiation, integration, and the solution of differential equations; and group theory. These are followed by more advanced and specialized chapters that emphasize chemical applications rather than mathematical rigor. This book provides the student of physical chemistry with a basic understanding of those additional mathematical techniques which are important in chemistry and should enable him to read the current literature in theoretical chemistry.

  • Physical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Wallace Brey
    • English
    Physical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications presents the basic principles of physical chemistry and shows how the methods of physical chemistry are being applied to increase understanding of living systems. Chapters 1 and 2 of the book discuss states of matter and solutions of nonelectrolytes. Chapters 3 to 5 examine laws in thermodynamics and solutions of electrolytes. Chapters 6 to 8 look at acid-base equilibria and the link between electromagnetic radiation and the structure of atoms. Chapters 9 to 11 cover different types of bonding, the rates of chemical reactions, and the process of adsorption. Chapters 12 to 14 present molecular aggregates, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photochemistry, and radiation. This book is useful to biological scientists for self-study and reference. With modest additions of mathematical material by the teacher, the book should also be suitable for a full-year major's course in physical chemistry.

  • The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Ross Stewart
    • English
    The Proton: Applications to Organic Chemistry deals with several aspects of the proton drawn from organic chemistry. This book begins with an introductory chapter, followed by discussions on the strengths of neutral organic acids and neutral organic bases. The mode of transfer of hydrogen in its three forms—H+, H•, and H-, alternative sites of protonation or deprotonation of organic compounds, and acid-base chemistry of unstable and metastable species are also elaborated. This text concludes with a presentation of the activation induced in organic molecules by proton addition or removal and its catalytic effects. This publication is intended for practicing organic chemists and researchers conducting work on protons.

  • Hydrophobic Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick Fowkes
    • English
    Hydrophobic Surfaces reviews the studies of solid/liquid interfaces by measurements of heats of immersion, focusing on the important phenomena controlling liquid/solid interactions. This book discusses the effect of dipole moment, hydrogen-bonding, and acidic or basic character of liquid, including the role of adsorbable species. The nature of the solid surface, electric field, acidic or basic properties, and ability to form hydrogen bonds are likewise elaborated in detail. This text also stresses that polytetrafluoroethyl... surfaces have a few hydrophilic sites that carbon blacks vary widely and significantly in the relative number of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites. This publication is beneficial to students and researchers conducting work on hydrophobic solid/liquid interfaces.

  • Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures

    • 1st Edition
    • Indra K. Vasil
    • English
    Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Volume 5: Phytochemicals in Plant Cell Cultures provides comprehensive coverage of the wide variety of laboratory procedures used in plant cell culture, fundamental aspects of cell growth and nutrition, and plant regeneration and variability. This book consists of five main topics—phenylpropano... naphthoquinones, and anthraquinones; mevalonates; alkaloids; glucosinolates, polyacetylenes, and lipids; and biologically active compounds. This publication specifically discusses the coumarins in crown gall tumors, natural occurrence of bufadienolides, and accumulation of protoberberine alkaloids. The flavor production in tissue cultures of allium species and callus cultures derived from carrot root explants is also reviewed. This volume is valuable to experienced researchers and those newly entering the field of plant cell and tissue culture.

  • Spectroscopic Analysis of Gas Mixtures

    • 1st Edition
    • O Bochkova
    • English
    Spectroscopic Analysis of Gas Mixtures presents the methods applied in spectral analysis of gas mixtures. The book is concerned primarily with emission analysis. It offers an extensive description of photoelectric procedures and quantitative methods of fast gas analysis; spectroscopic procedures based on absorption in the ultraviolet and infrared regions of the spectrum; and the optico-acoustic method. Physicists will find the text very informative.

  • Anti-inflammatory Agents Part II

    Chemistry and Pharmacology
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Scherrer
    • English
    Medicinal Chemistry: A Series of Monographs, Volume 13–II presents the context of inflammation and the therapeutic interventions in debilitating chronic inflammatory diseases. This book discusses the progress of therapeutics in the field of medicine with less cost but with the same degree of benefit. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the pathophysiological context of chronic inflammatory diseases. This book then explores the local hormones that act as alarm signals following a local injury, which includes serotonin, histamine, kinins, heparin, prostaglandin, adenylates, lysolecithins, and catecholamines. Other chapters feature contributors who have active research on the clinical evaluation and treatment of severely debilitating chronic inflammatory diseases, including gout, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The final chapter explores the metabolism of anti-inflammatory drugs that are organized around chemical classes of compounds. This book is a valuable source of information for physicians, chemists, and experimental biologists.

  • Fundamentals of Chemistry: Laboratory Studies

    • 3rd Edition
    • Frank Brescia
    • English
    Fundamentals of Chemistry: Laboratory Studies, Third Edition is a manual that provides instruction on techniques of chemical laboratory operations. Each experiment is discussed in terms of the major objective; the experimental approach to the objective; the measurements or observations to be made; and the calculation and interpretation of results. Topics covered include manipulation, weights, and measures; molecular weight; acids and bases; gravimetric and volumetric stoichiometry; and thermochemistry. This book is comprised of 43 chapters divided into 14 sections and begins by presenting general information on metric and other units, common laboratory equipment, and chemical laboratory methods. The first chapter introduces the reader to the Bunsen burner and the principles of glass working, followed by a discussion on mass and volume measurements, including the determination of density. The following chapters focus on states of matter, molecular weight, stoichiometry, and intermolecular forces. Preparations and syntheses are also considered, along with chemical equilibrium and electrochemistry. The final section is devoted to qualitative analysis, particularly of cations and anions. This monograph is intended primarily for students of chemistry.

  • Superionic Solids And Solid Electrolytes Recent Trends

    • 1st Edition
    • Amulya Laskar
    • English
    Superionic Solids and Solid Electrolytes: Recent Trends describes the fundamental aspects, unique properties, and potential applications of superionic solids and solid electrolytes. These materials significantly contribute to the development of the solid state ionics technology. This book is divided into 17 chapters, and begins with an overview of various materials, such as glasses, heterogeneous or dispersed phase conductors, proton conductors, Nasicon, and fluorites. These topics are followed by a discussion on the problems related with entropy effects, subsurface space charge, and defect formation parameters. Significant chapters deal with the phenomenological, fractal, molecular dynamics, fluctuations, and correlations in superionic solid and solid electrolyte materials. A chapter tackles the solid state battery applications of solid electrolytes. This text ends with a chapter on the prediction of the potentials of activity in superionics. This book will be of value to graduate students and researchers who are interested in the solid state ionics technology.

  • Contemporary Practice of Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • C.F. Poole + 1 more
    • English
    Written for all those who use chromatography as an analytical tool, this book covers all areas of gas, liquid, and thin-layer chromatography; no other book offers the same scope. The authors have had considerable experience in teaching graduate-level courses and the material presented here has been tried and tested, having formed the basis for short courses taught to groups of industrial chemists. Emphasis is on the practice of chromatographic methods, including ``how to'' sections and numerous examples of calculation methods. Extensively illustrated, the book contains numerous tables of all useful constants, materials and formulas frequently used by chromatographers. Valuable features are the chapters on sample preparation for chromatographic analysis, on instrumental methods for sample identification, and the comprehensive literature review.

  • Photochemical Synthesis

    • 1st Edition
    • I. Ninomiya + 1 more
    • English
    The Best Synthetic Methods Series is aimed at practising organic chemists who require up-to-date details of working methods for the synthesis of organic compounds. This volume concentrates on the synthesis of compounds with specifictypes of structures which has not been possible by standard thermal methods. For ease of use the photochemical reactions covered have been presented by their functional groups.

  • The Exciplex

    • 1st Edition
    • Michael Gordon
    • English
    The Exciplex contains the proceedings of the International Exciplex Conference held at the University of Western Ontario, on May 28-31, 1974. The papers explore various aspects of exciplex behavior and cover topics ranging from singlet- and triplet-state exciplexes to the photophysics of aromatic excimers. Electron-transfer reactions in multicomponent systems are also considered, along with intramolecular triplet-state charge-transfer interactions in aminoketones. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book opens with an overview of the photochemistry of excimers and exciplexes, followed by a discussion on singlet- and triplet-state exciplexes and the photophysics of aromatic excimers. Experimental results on intersystem crossing and ionic recombination processes are then presented, and electronic structures as well as dynamical behavior of some exciplex systems are described. The next chapters focus on excimers of hydrogen and acetone; complexes of dipolar excited states and small polar molecules; electron transfer and exciplex formation from triplet states of anthracene and metalloporphyrins; and exciplexes in electrogenerated chemiluminescence. The final chapter is devoted to intramolecular triplet-state charge-transfer interactions in aminoketones. This monograph will be of interest to chemists and physicists.

  • Reaction Mechanisms in Sulphuric Acid and other Strong Acid Solutions

    • 1st Edition
    • M Liler
    • English
    Reaction Mechanisms in Sulfuric Acid and other Strong Acid Solutions covers the reactivity in sulfuric acid and other strongly acid solutions. This book is composed of five chapters that emphasize the measure of acidity of sulfuric acid and other acid solutions. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the physical, thermodynamic, spectroscopic properties, and acidity functions of sulfuric acid/water mixtures. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the protonation and more complex modes of ionization of compounds in these acidic media. Chapter 5 outlines first the possible mechanisms of reactions in acid solutions followed by a discussion of mechanistic criteria that have been developed in order to distinguish between kinetically indistinguishable alternatives. This chapter also presents some methods of kinetic investigation, which are specific to concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. Inorganic chemists and researchers, teachers, and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Colloid and Interface Science V3

    Adsorption, Catalysis, Solid Surfaces, Wetting, Surface Tension, And Water
    • 1st Edition
    • Milton Kerker
    • English
    Colloid and Interface Science, Volume III: Adsorption, Catalysis, Solid Surfaces, Wetting, Surface Tension, and Water covers the proceedings of the International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 21-25, 1976. The conference is sponsored jointly by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Division and the 50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium. This volume contains 56 chapters that cover the subjects of adsorption, catalysis, solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension, and water. Other topics discussed include chemisorption; analytical methods for surface analysis; reaction kinetics; polymeric colloid systems; hydrogel-water interface; and the effect of various parameters, such as temperature and pressure. The concluding chapters explore surface and interfacial tension measurement, capillarity, thermal expansion of water, and heat capacity of vicinal water.

  • Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry V1

    • 2nd Edition
    • Georg Brauer
    • English
    Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1, Second Edition focuses on the methods and mechanisms involved in conducting experiments on inorganic chemistry. Composed of contributions of various authors, the first part of the handbook focuses on special methods and devices for inorganic preparations. The materials mentioned include metals, plastics, pure solvents, and mercury. The text also looks at the importance of temperature and electrical discharges at the laboratory. The second part focuses on elements and compounds, hydrogen peroxide, and fluorine. Schematic diagrams and numerical representations are presented. The chemical reactions of these compounds when exposed to different laboratory conditions are analyzed through numerical representations and schematic diagrams. The handbook also presents lengthy discussions on the properties, compositions, and chemical responses of elements, compound, alkali metals, and earth metals. The formulas, reactions, and methodologies used in the experiments are presented. Considering the value of experiments contained, this manual is a valuable reference for readers interested in studying inorganic chemistry.

  • Chemical Methods of Rock Analysis

    • 3rd Edition
    • D. Hutchison + 1 more
    • English
    A practical guide to the methods in general use for the complete analysis of silicate rock material and for the determination of all those elements present in major, minor or trace amounts in silicate and other rocks that are routinely, commonly or occasionally determined by methods that are considered to be essentially chemical in character. Such methods include those based upon spectrophotometry, flame emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as gravimetry, titrimetry and the use of ion-selective electrodes. Separation stages are described in full, using precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, and ion-ex procedures as appropriate. The third edition has been fully revised and updated.

  • Microchemistry

    Spectroscopy and Chemistry in Small Domains
    • 1st Edition
    • H. Masuhara + 3 more
    • English
    Microchemistry is an interdisciplinary area in which relevant results are presented and published in a range of fields including spectroscopy, optics, applied physics, electrochemistry and polymer science. This volume collects for the first time all the latest research and results and classifies them into five parts. Optical micromanipulation and creation, microfabrication and functionalization and dynamic microspectroscopy are novel methodologies for microchemistry where exploratory ideas and future perspectives are included. Microphotochemistry and microelectrochemistr... and microphotoconversion are concerned with the relaxation dynamics and chemical reactions in small domains. This comprehensive, up-to-date review of the field will be of great interest to scientists and students working in these areas.

  • Preparative Chemistry Using Supported Reagents

    • 1st Edition
    • Pierre Laszlo
    • English
    Preparative Chemistry Using Supported Reagents explains a certain dimension in the methodology of organic reactions. This book discusses the physical methods for study that characterizes surfaces and their adsorbates and chemical reactivity at interfaces. The polymer-supported reagents, shape-selectivity within zeolites, and graphite intercalates are also described. Other topics include the metal oxides and their physico-chemical properties in catalysis and synthesis; photochemistry of adsorbed molecules; and magnetic spin resonance methods and applications to oxide surfaces. The physico-chemical characterization of supported reagents; polymer-supported oxidations; and alumina and alumina-supported reagents are likewise deliberated. This text also covers the novel aluminophosphate-bas... molecular sieves, clay-activated isomerization reactions, anionic activation, and cationic reactions. This publication is beneficial to chemists and researchers conducting work on supported reagents.

  • Analytical Pyrolysis

    • 1st Edition
    • C.E.R. Jones
    • English
    Analytical Pyrolysis presents the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Analytical Pyrolysis, held in Amsterdam on September 7-9, 1976. It looks at newly emergent techniques in analytical pyrolysis, including pyrolysis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography. The book also covers topics ranging from automation and microbiology to forensic science and pharmacology, reproducibility and specificity, biochemistry, laser-induced pyrolysis, pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, and polymers. Comprised of 50 chapters, this book begins with a discussion of automatic analysis of tire rubber blends using computer-linked pyrolysis gas chromatography, thermal procedures in coupling with thin-layer chromatography, the role of pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography in biomedical studies, and the identification of microorganisms by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. It then examines forensic applications of analytical pyrolysis techniques, structure and degradation behavior of synthetic polymers using pyrolysis in combination with field ion mass spectrometry, determination of polysaccharides in fulvic acids by pyrolysis gas chromatography, and application of Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry in fungal taxonomy. The reader is also introduced to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of model compounds labeled with stable isotopes, the use of pyrolysis/gas chromatography to determine the quality of porous polymers of styrene cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and application of pyrohydrolysis for a rapid and accurate determination of halides in silicate rocks and minerals. This volume will benefit students, researchers, chemists, and scientists working in the field of analytical pyrolysis.

  • Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy Pt II

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert R. Alfano
    • English
    Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, Volume II discusses the use of ultrafast laser spectroscopy in studying fast physics in semiconductors. It reviews progress on the experimental and theoretical understanding of ultrafast events that occur on a picosecond and nanosecond time scale. This volume discusses electronic relaxation in amorphous semiconductors and the physical mechanisms during and after the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a semiconductor. It also covers the relaxation of carriers in semiconductors; transient optical pulse propagation; and methods of time-resolved spectroscopy. Scientists, engineers, and graduate students will find this book invaluable.

  • Interpretation of Metallographic Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • William Rostoker + 1 more
    • English
    Interpretation of Metallographic Structures, Third Edition, is concerned with metallography as a metallurgical tool. It is an organized presentation of specimen microstructures, each chosen for its clarity of illustration and each or in groups forming the pretext for discussions of the interrelation between physical metallurgy and metallography. The focus is on structures characteristic in a physical metallurgy sense, with the purpose of demonstrating that logical framework of interpretation can supplant mental storage of infinite variations. The book contains seven chapters and begins with a discussion of polycrystalline structures. This is followed by separate chapters on the metallography of fracture; crystallization processes including dendritic crystallization, peritectic crystallization, and metastable crystallization; solid state transformations; diffusion and transport processes; procedures for measuring metallographic features; and energy dispersive spectography. This book is directed toward the senior student as a preview of the scope of his subject and to the practicing metallurgist as a reintroduction.

  • Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes

    • 1st Edition
    • John Zikakis
    • English
    Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes documents the proceedings of a four-day joint United States-Japan seminar held at the University of Delaware. The said seminar is aimed to explore the potential of the application of chitin, chitosan, and related products in different scientific fields. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers the application of chitin and chitosan to pharmaceutical preparations. Part II discusses the applications of chitin and its derivatives. Part III features chitin and chitosan in relation to enzymology and genetic engineering. Respectively covered in Parts IV, V, and VI are the chemical and physical structure of chitin and chitosan; biochemical and physiological properties of chitin and its derivatives; the effects of phosphate on chitin production; and the development of chitin as a suture as well as for orthopedic uses. The text is recommended for biochemists who would like to know more or make further studies about the different applications of chitin, chitosan, and related enzymes.

  • Chemistry

    With Inorganic Qualitative Analysis
    • 1st Edition
    • Therald Moeller
    • English
    Chemistry with Inorganic Qualitative Analysis is a textbook that describes the application of the principles of equilibrium represented in qualitative analysis and the properties of ions arising from the reactions of the analysis. This book reviews the chemistry of inorganic substances as the science of matter, the units of measure used, atoms, atomic structure, thermochemistry, nuclear chemistry, molecules, and ions in action. This text also describes the chemical bonds, the representative elements, the changes of state, water and the hydrosphere (which also covers water pollution and water purification). Water purification occurs in nature through the usual water cycle and by the action of microorganisms. The air flushes dissolved gases and volatile pollutants; when water seeps through the soil, it filters solids as they settle in the bottom of placid lakes. Microorganisms break down large organic molecules containing mostly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus into harmless molecules and ions. This text notes that natural purification occurs if the level of contaminants is not so excessive. This textbook is suitable for both chemistry teachers and students.

  • Phase Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • H.A.J. Oonk
    • English
    Studies in Modern Thermodynamics, 3: Phase Theory: The Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Equilibria focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches employed in the determination of the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria. The publication first elaborates on thermodynamic background, phase rule, and general relations for binary equilibria. Discussions focus on linear contributions, G-curves and phase diagram, function changes, Clapeyron's equation, derivation of phase rule, pressure and temperature, heat capacity, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy. The manuscript then examines demixing, isothermal liquid-vapor equilibria, isobaric equilibria between two mixed states, and isobaric equilibria between unmixed solid and mixed liquid state. Topics include phase diagrams, pure solid component with liquid mixture, equilibrium between two ideal states, calculation of phase diagrams, and types of phase diagram. The text ponders on the interpretation of TX phase diagrams and retrograde equilibrium curves, including retrograde solubility, regions of demixing, excess parameters, and eutectic systems. The publication is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to dig deeper into the thermodynamics of heterogeneous equilibria.

  • Quantum Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • John Lowe
    • English
    Quantum Chemistry covers the basic principles, methods, and results of quantum chemistry, providing insights on electron behavior. This book is organized into 14 chapters that focus on ground state molecular orbital theory. After briefly dealing with some of the concepts of classical physics, the book goes on describing some simple but important particle systems. It then examines several systems with discontinuous potential energies, such as the simple harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen-like ion system. A chapter presents a set of postulates and theorems that form the formal foundation of quantum mechanics. Considerable chapters are devoted to various quantum chemical methods, as well as their basic features and application to molecular orbital evaluation. These methods include Huckel molecular orbital, variation, linear variation, extended Huckel, and SCF-LCAO-MO. The concluding chapters deal with the development of theories for molecular orbital, including time-independent Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation, group, and qualitative molecular orbital theories. Supplemental texts of the more complicated derivations or proofs and problems encountered in quantum chemistry are also provided. This book is an introductory text intended for organic, inorganic, and physical chemists, as well as for graduate and undergraduate students.

  • Excited States V3

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward Lim
    • English
    Excited States, Volume 3 deals with excited states and covers topics ranging from two-photon molecular spectroscopy in liquids and gases to time evolution of excited molecular states. Product energy distributions in the dissociation of polyatomic molecules are also discussed, along with the mechanism of optical nuclear polarization in molecular crystals and vibronic interactions and luminescence in aromatic molecules with non-bonding electrons. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with a didactic treatment of the theory of simultaneous two-photon absorption spectroscopy from the point of view concerned primarily with molecular gases and liquids. The basic theoretical quantity is shown to be an absorption tensor, as contrasted with the absorption vector of one-photon spectroscopy. The next chapter considers the time evolution of a molecular system interacting with a photon wave packet. The theory is applied to handle photon scattering from several physical models for molecular level structure in excited electronic states of polyatomic molecules. The remaining chapters explore various polyatomic decomposition processes and the basic features governing the internal energy distribution of the fragments; optical nuclear polarization in molecular crystals and vibronic interactions; and luminescence in aromatic molecules with non-bonding electrons. This book should be of interest to chemists and molecular physicists.

  • Adsorption of Gases on Heterogeneous Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • W. Rudzinski + 1 more
    • English
    All real solid surfaces are heterogeneous to a greater or lesser extent and this book provides a broad yet detailed survey of the present state of gas adsorption. Coverage is comprehensive and extends from basic principles to computer simulation of adsorption. Underlying concepts are clarified and the strengths and weaknesses of the various methods described are discussed.

  • Polymer Thermodynamics by Gas Chromatography

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • R. Vîlcu + 1 more
    • English
    This book presents direct and inverse gas chromatography as a powerful tool for determining a great number of thermodynamic properties and quantities for micro- and especially for macromolecular substances. In order to ensure the continuity and clarity of the presentation, the book first considers some frequently used concepts of chromatography with a mobile gas phase, i.e. the mechanism of separation, retention parameters and the theories of gas chromatography. The employment of this technique as an important method of studying solutions through the most representative statistical models is also discussed. The thermodynamics of direct gas chromatography, as applied to dissolution, adsorption and vaporization underlies the thermodynamic treatment of inverse gas chromatography. The most extensive chapter of the book is devoted to the thermodynamics of inverse gas chromatography and deals with a number of important topics: phase transitions in crystalline-amorphou... polymers and liquid crystals, glass transitions, other second order transitions in polymers, the determination of diffusion coefficients, the segregation of block copolymers and other applications.This book is intended for those specialists in research and industry who are concerned with the modification and characterization of polymers, with establishing polymer applications, and with the processing of polymers. It will also be useful to students and specialists interested in the physico-chemical basis of the phenomena involved in gas chromatography in general and its inverse variant in particular.

  • Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • I Franta
    • English
    Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials reviews the properties of elastomers and particular groups of ingredients and chemicals mixed into the basic elastomer to form a rubber compound. After introducing the history of rubber industry and the general properties of rubber, the book discusses the properties, classification, concentration, stabilization, modification, application, transport, and storage of latex. It presents as well the methods of production, composition, physical properties, and chemical reactions of dry rubber. The book then focuses on the production and classification of different synthetic rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene, isoprene, butadiene, ethylene-propylene, and chloroprene. It also discusses the production, properties, and applications of elastomers, vulcanization chemicals, fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, blowing agents, and textile reinforcing materials used in formulating rubber compounds. This book will be of great value not only to those who are in the rubber industry, but also to students of polymer science and rubber technology.

  • Study Guide to Accompany Basics for Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Martha Mackin
    • English
    Study Guide to Accompany Basics for Chemistry is an 18-chapter text designed to be used with Basics for Chemistry textbook. Each chapter contains Overview, Topical Outline, Skills, and Common Mistakes, which are all keyed to the textbook for easy cross reference. The Overview section summarizes the content of the chapter and includes a comprehensive listing of terms, a summary of general concepts, and a list of numerical exercises, while the Topical Outline provides the subtopic heads that carry the corresponding chapter and section numbers as they appear in the textbook. The Fill-in, Multiple Choice are two sets of questions that include every concept and numerical exercise introduced in the chapter and the Skills section provides developed exercises to apply the new concepts in the chapter to particular examples. The Common Mistakes section is designed to help avoid some of the errors that students make in their effort to learn chemistry, while the Practical Test section includes matching and multiple choice questions that comprehensively cover almost every concept and numerical problem in the chapter. After briefly dealing with an overview of chemistry, this book goes on exploring the concept of matter, energy, measurement, problem solving, atom, periodic table, and chemical bonding. These topics are followed by discussions on writing names and formulas of compounds; chemical formulas and the mole; chemical reactions; calculations based on equations; gases; and the properties of a liquid. The remaining chapters examine the solutions; acids; bases; salts; oxidation-reduction reactions; electrochemistry; chemical kinetics and equilibrium; and nuclear, organic, and biological chemistry. This study guide will be of great value to chemistry teachers and students.

  • Survey of Progress in Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Arthur Scott
    • English
    Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 5 is a collection of papers that provides the transmission of instructive material and information from the real chemical world to the classroom teacher or instructor. One paper reviews the HSAB principle (hard and soft acid bases) and notes that it can be regarded as an experimental principle to describe various chemical phenomena in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The principle can be applied in correlating and storing large amounts of data and in predicting results. Another paper shows that an experiment concerning eliminations induced either by halide ions in dipolar aprotic solvents or by mercaptide ions in alcohols can be essentially normal E2 reactions. The microwave spectrum can also be used in identifying compounds and in quantitative analysis. Another paper discusses the physical and chemical consequences of electron hydration and its many possible uses such as in the treatment of cancer and food preservation. One paper examines the fluorescence processes which occur in a liquid scintillator, including the uses of liquid scintillation in determining the solubility of gases or the production of isotopes. This collection is suitable for professors in chemistry, students who are taking advanced courses in chemistry, and other groups of chemists who are interested to know what is happening beyond their specialized work and research.

  • Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Philip Bunker
    • English
    Molecular Symmetry and Spectroscopy deals with the use of group theory in quantum mechanics in relation to problems in molecular spectroscopy. It discusses the use of the molecular symmetry group, whose elements consist of permutations of identical nuclei with or without inversion. After reviewing the permutation groups, inversion operation, point groups, and representation of groups, the book describes the use of representations for labeling molecular energy. The text explains an approximate time independent Schrödinger equation for a molecule, as well as the effect of a nuclear permutation or the inversion of E* on such equation. The book also examines the expression for the complete molecular Hamiltonian and the several groups of operations commuting with the Hamiltonian. The energy levels of the Hamiltonian can then be symmetrically labeled by the investigator using the irreducible representations of these groups. The text explains the two techniques to change coordinates in a Schrödinger equation, namely, (1) by using a diatomic molecule in the rovibronic Schrödinger equation, and (2) by a rigid nonlinear polyatomic molecule. The book also explains that using true symmetry, basis symmetry, near symmetry, and near quantum numbers, the investigator can label molecular energy levels. The text can benefit students of molecular spectroscopy, academicians, and investigators of molecular chemistry or quantum mechanics.

  • Organometallic Mechanisms and Catalysis

    The Role of Reactive Intermediates in Organic Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Jay Kochi
    • English
    Organometallic Mechanisms and Catalysis: The Role of Reactive Intermediates in Organic Processes covers the mechanistic delineation of organometallic chemistry and catalysis. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 18 chapters. The first part describes first the oxidation-reduction process of organometals, followed by discussions on the catalytic reactions of peroxides, metal-catalyzed addition to olefins, and reduction of organic halides. This part also explores other reactions involving transition metal carbonyls and metal-catalyzed reactions of aromatic diazonium salts. The second part deals with some chemical aspects of organometals, such as their stability, thermochemistry, decomposition, hemolytic pathways, and the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The third part examines the charge transfer processes and interactions of organometals with electron acceptors. This part further looks into the cleavage and insertion reactions of organometals with electrophiles, as well as the electrophilic and electron transfer mechanisms of organometals. Organic and inorganic chemists, teachers, and students will greatly benefit from this book.

  • Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

    • 1st Edition
    • Gordon Skinner
    • English
    Introduction to Chemical Kinetics is a compilation of lecture notes of the author about principles, concepts, and theories in chemical kinetics. The book tackles the nature of chemical kinetics, reaction rates and order, and thermodynamic consistency of rate laws. The effects of temperature on kinetics, prediction of reaction rates, gas-phase reactions, and controlled reactions are also discussed. The text also explains the reactions catalyzed by enzymes; reactions in solids and heterogenous systems; oxidation of metals; catalysis of reactions by solids; and methods for different reaction rates. The monograph is recommended as a textbook for undergraduate students in chemistry who are currently taking up kinetics, as it is an easily understood and concise book that can also be used as reference.

  • Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds

    Mechanistic Principles and Synthetic Methodology Including Biochemical Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Roger Sheldon
    • English
    Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds: Mechanistic Principles and Synthetic focuses on the oxidative transformations of functional groups. This book explores oxidation as being extensively used in the laboratory synthesis of fine organic chemicals and in the manufacture of large-volume petrochemicals. Organized into two parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the mechanistic principles of oxidation–reduction in biochemical, organic, and inorganic systems. This text then proceeds with a discussion of the use of molecular oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and alkyl hydroperoxides as primary oxidants. Other chapters explore stoichiometric oxidations with metal oxidants, which include permanganate and chromic acid. This book discusses as well the synthetic applications of catalytic oxidations as well as the technology of petrochemical oxidation. The final chapter deals with the autoxidations of sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen compounds. This book is intended for chemists involved in organic synthesis, catalysis, and organometallic chemistry, both in academic institutions and in industrial laboratories.

  • The Radiation Chemistry of Water

    • 1st Edition
    • Ivan Draganic
    • English
    The Radiation Chemistry of Water tackles radiation-induced changes in water and explains the behavior of irradiated water, with some changes in aqueous solutions. This book deals primarily with short-lived species like the hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron, and hydrogen atom, which cause the chemical changes in irradiated water and aqueous solutions. These species and their origin, properties, and dependence of their yields on various factors are discussed in several chapters. Other topics also covered are the diffusion-kinetic model of water radiolysis and some general cases, radiation sources, and dosimetry. This book is most useful to students in the fields of radiation chemistry, physical chemistry, radiobiology, and nuclear technology.

  • Photochemistry in Microheterogeneous Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • K Kalyanasundaram
    • English
    Photochemistry in Microheterogeneous Systems provides an introduction to the subject of photochemistry in microheterogeneous systems. Emphasis is on the unimolecular and bimolecular reactions of electronically excited molecules in non-homogeneous media, as well as the application of photophysical and photochemical processes and techniques to the study of various microheterogeneous systems of chemical and biological interest, from normal and inverted micelles to vesicles and liposomes, monolayers, black lipid membranes, and liquid crystalline solvents. This monograph is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of microheterogeneous systems; excited-state processes and reactions; photochemistry in microheterogeneous systems; and structural and dynamical aspects of micellar aggregates. The discussion then turns to micellar photophysics and photochemistry, with emphasis on singlet-state and triplet-state reactions. Subsequent chapters focus on photoprocesses in a variety of microheterogeneous systems such as reversed micelles, microemulsions, lipids, surfactant vesicles, and liposomes; polymers, polyelectrolytes, and ion-exchange membranes; and molecular inclusion complexes. The final chapter is devoted to the photochemistry of molecules in the adsorbed state. This text is intended for graduate students and practicing chemists.

  • Molecular Graphics on The IBM ® PC Microcomputer

    • 1st Edition
    • James Henkel
    • English
    Molecular Graphics on the IBM® PC Microcomputer is a five-chapter manual that introduces the PC MODEL computer package and provides step-by-step instructions for using it. The PCMODEL is a program to draw and manipulate molecules in graphic form using the IBM® PC, PC/XT, PC/AT, PCjr, and true compatible personal computers. This package has a multitude of applications, including the study of conformations of organic molecules and the organization of organic and inorganic crystal lattices. This manual is organized into two sections, namely, the tutorial and reference parts. The first section is highly tutorial in nature because this is where one will need it most, whereas the later section is much less so because one will then be more in need of detailed reference material. This book will be of value to organic chemists and researchers.

  • Optoacoustic Spectroscopy and Detection

    • 1st Edition
    • Yoh-Han Pao
    • English
    Optoacoustic Spectroscopy and Detection discusses the fundamental principles and practice of optoacoustic spectroscopy. This book serves as a basis for evaluation of the feasibility of using such techniques in specific instances. Organized into eight chapters, this book starts with an overview of the detection and identification of gas contaminants, which is necessary to understand the physical description of the generation and measurement of the optoacoustic signal. This text then provides an understanding of the optoacoustic effect on a molecular scale and describes the energy transfer processes and estimates of the lifetimes of vibrationally excited states. Other chapters consider the options available to the researcher in the selection of optoacoustic system design. This book discusses as well the capabilities and limitations of various optoacoustic system designs. The final chapter deals with the technique used for exploring the absorption spectra of substances, including powders, gels, adsorbed films, and organic tissues. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students engaged in the study of optoacoustic spectroscopy.

  • Analytical Biotechnology

    • 1st Edition
    • C. van Dijk
    • English
    ANABIOTEC '92 focused on the further integration of biotechnology and analytical chemistry. The results of this symposium clearly demonstrated that a substantial progress could be reported in the application of both conventional and new analytical techniques, the latter essentially based on natural analytical tools such as biomolecules. The main themes covered during this meeting are fermentation monitoring, chromatography, instrumental analysis, biosensors and bioanalysis.

  • Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions 40-B

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Cerny
    • English
    Nuclear Spectroscopy and Reactions, Part B covers information regarding the development of nuclear spectroscopy and its reactions, while emphasizing in-beam spectroscopy. This part specifically covers charged particle spectroscopy, spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, and neutron spectroscopy. Organized into three sections, this book first discusses charged particle spectroscopy, which includes resonance reaction, reactions involving light ions, heavy-ion-induced reaction, and specialized reaction. The next section reviews spectroscopy from meson-induced reactions, including muonic and hadronic atoms; radiative capture; and charge exchange, scattering, and direct reactions. The final section discusses neutron spectroscopy, which includes advances in measurement of neutron spectra, charge exchange reactions, and polarization phenomena. This book is written to primarily benefit graduate students who are engaged in research that concerns nuclear spectroscopy.

  • The Chemistry of Electrode Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Ilana Fried
    • English
    The Chemistry of Electrode Processes discusses "electrodics" or the science dealing with the transfer of an electric charge between a solid and liquid phase. This book reviews the applications of electrodics, the history of electrochemistry, and the basic definitions and concepts of the galvanic cell. This text also deals with the rate expressions associated with the different types of electrode reaction mechanism including the passing of Faradaic current, the current-voltage curve, mass transport overpotential, and the influence of surface structure on electrode processes. This book describes the electrode-solution interphase at equilibrium, the properties of such interphase, and the ways it can influence electrode kinetics. Any electrode reaction involves several steps and can be influenced by diffusion, adsorption and other parameters. The techniques to study electrode reactions and the electrode-solution interphase consists of equilibrium measurements, steady state measurement, and transient measurement. This text also describes the significant and potential uses of electrodics in technology which need less expensive equipment compared to using spectrophotometric techniques. This book is suitable chemists, for advanced students in analytical chemistry, physics, thermodynamics, and related subjects.

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