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North Holland

Chemistry for Electronic Materials
1st Edition
Volume 33
K.F. Jensen + 3 more
English
The chemical aspects of materials processing used for electronic applications, e.g. Si, III-V compounds, superconductors, metallization materials, are covered in this volume. Significant recent advances have occurred in the development of new volatile precursors for the fabrication of III-V semiconductor and metal [Cu, W] films by OMCVD. Some fundamentally new and wide-ranging applications have been introduced in recent times. Experimental and modeling studies regarding deposition kinetics, operating conditions and transport as well as properties of films produced by PVD, CVD and PECVD are discussed. The thirty papers in this volume report on many other significant topics also. Research workers involved in these aspects of materials technology may find here some new perspectives with which to augment their projects.
SiGe Based Technologies
1st Edition
Volume 31
Yasuhiro Shiraki + 2 more
English
The preparation of silicon germanium microstructures, their physical, chemical and electrical characterization, and their device processing and application are reviewed in this book. Special emphasis is given to ultrathin Si/Ge superlattices. Topics covered include: Wafer preparation and epitaxial growth; surface effects driven phenomena, such as clustering, segregation, 'surfactants'; Analysis, both in situ and ex situ; Strain adjustment methods; High quality buffers; Modification of material properties by quantum wells and superlattices; Devices: Novel concepts, processing, modelling, demonstrators. The questions highlighted, particularly those articles comparing related or competing activities, will provide a wealth of knowledge for all those interested in the future avenues of theory and applications in this field.
Single Chamber Processing
1st Edition
Volume 37
Y.I. Nissim + 1 more
English
Single chamber processing has attracted the attention of a number of researchers as well as industries as an alternative processing "philosophy" to complement or even replace the stringent environment of micro- and optoelectronics device fabrication. Up till now single chamber processing has been an elusive manufacturing objective throughout the history of integrated circuit technology. With the emergence of integrated processing tools in recent years, significant segments for continuous fabrication processes have been successfully realised and their potential has already innovated the industry.The 14 papers in this volume cover topics such as: The background of this approach and up-dated status; Design and concepts of relevant cluster tools equipment; Specific process modules such as deposition chambers (CVD, RTCVD, UVCVD, ...) annealing or etching reactors; and Standardization efforts. The work will provide both a stimulus for future research in this field, as well as useful reference material on the new technology trends in microelectronic device manufacturing technology.
Dimension and Extensions
1st Edition
Volume 48
J.M. Aarts + 1 more
English
Two types of seemingly unrelated extension problems are discussed in this book. Their common focus is a long-standing problem of Johannes de Groot, the main conjecture of which was recently resolved. As is true of many important conjectures, a wide range of mathematical investigations had developed, which have been grouped into the two extension problems. The first concerns the extending of spaces, the second concerns extending the theory of dimension by replacing the empty space with other spaces.The problem of de Groot concerned compactifications of spaces by means of an adjunction of a set of minimal dimension. This minimal dimension was called the compactness deficiency of a space. Early success in 1942 lead de Groot to invent a generalization of the dimension function, called the compactness degree of a space, with the hope that this function would internally characterize the compactness deficiency which is a topological invariant of a space that is externally defined by means of compact extensions of a space. From this, the two extension problems were spawned.With the classical dimension theory as a model, the inductive, covering and basic aspects of the dimension functions are investigated in this volume, resulting in extensions of the sum, subspace and decomposition theorems and theorems about mappings into spheres. Presented are examples, counterexamples, open problems and solutions of the original and modified compactification problems.
Behavior and Environment
Psychological and Geographical Approaches
1st Edition
Volume 96
T. Garling + 1 more
English
Active researchers in the areas of geography and psychology have contributed to this book. Both fields are capable of increasing our scientific knowledge of how human behavior is interfaced with the molar physical environment. Such knowledge is essential for the solution of many of today's most urgent environmental problems. Failure to constrain use of scarce resources, pollution due to human activities, creation of technological hazards and deteriorating urban quality due to vandalism and crime are all well known examples. The influence of psychology in geographical research has long been appreciated but it is only recently that psychologists have recognized they have something to learn from geography. In identifying the importance of two-way interdisciplinary communication, a psychologist and a geographer have been invited to each write a chapter in this book on a designated topic so that close comparisons can be drawn as to how the two disciplines approach the same difficulties. Since the disciplines are to some extent complementary, it is hoped that this close collaboration will have synergistic effects on the attempts of both to find solutions to environmental problems through an increased understanding of the many behavior-environment interfaces.
Vision in Vehicles IV
1st Edition
I.D. Brown + 3 more
A.G. Gale
English
This volume contains contributions illuminating much of the current research occurring in the area of visual perception. It encompasses all aspects of vision and its relationship to vehicle design, including both the internal and external design of the vehicle as well as the perceptual and cognitive limitations of the vehicle controller.Issues specifically related to the vision of the driver are initially addressed and the problems of vehicle glazing and light transmission are considered. The major topics of visual perception and vehicle control are covered in three related chapters encompassing: collision avoidance, vehicle signalling systems and the acquisition of visual information. Moving on to the external environment and its relationship to vision, traffic signs are discussed. Approaches to the measurement and modelling of driver behaviour are dealt with and the area of telerobotic control of vehicles is considered. In-vehicle displays are covered in two related chapters addressing issues of visual workload and effects of display type.It is hoped that the book, contributed to by experts from a diverse range of disciplines, including optometrists, psychologists, physiologists, human factors specialists and engineers, will stimulate the progression of research in this area, as effectively as the preceding volumes did.
Vacuum Structure and QCD Sum Rules
1st Edition
Volume 10
M.A. Shifman
English
The method of the QCD sum rules was and still is one of the most productive tools in a wide range of problems associated with the hadronic phenomenology. Many heuristic ideas, computational devices, specific formulae which are useful to theorists working not only in hadronic physics, have been accumulated in this method. Some of the results and approaches which have originally been developed in connection with the QCD sum rules can be and are successfully applied in related fields, such as supersymmetric gauge theories, nontraditional schemes of quarks and leptons etc. The amount of literature on these and other more basic problems in hadronic physics has grown enormously in recent years. This volume presents a collection of papers which provide an overview of all basic elements of the sum rule approach and priority has been given to those works which seemed most useful from a pedagogical point of view.
Polyconjugated Materials
1st Edition
Volume 30
G. Zerbi
English
In the past ten years the science of Polyconjugated Organic Materials has grown rapidly and is now experiencing the uncorrelated explosive development typical of a new science. The transfer of the basic scientific knowledge of these materials to the field of technology and industry is presently the focus of interest in academic and industrial circles. New devices are being developed which are paving the way for future technologies. Organic materials have become the focus of attention in these technologies. The large and very fast nonlinear optical response of organic molecules has generated new theoretical and experimental physics as well as new synthetic chemistry. The advancement of knowledge and the new achievements in this field require the interdisciplinary practice of chemists, physicists and engineers who can talk the same technical language on molecular systems which show specific physical properties. The purpose of this book is to introduce beginners to the field of nonlinear optics in organic materials and to expose specialists in one field to the problems of the other fields. Since organic molecules with a large and very fast nonlinear optical response are being continuously discovered the contributions focus on this class of materials. The volume provides a useful introduction for all those interested in the theoretical and experimental aspects of this expanding field.
Morphogenesis
1st Edition
Volume 3
P.T. Saunders
English
The collected works of Turing, including a substantial amount of unpublished material, will comprise four volumes: Mechanical Intelligence, Pure Mathematics, Morphogenesis and Mathematical Logic. Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) was a brilliant man who made major contributions in several areas of science. Today his name is mentioned frequently in philosophical discussions about the nature of Artificial Intelligence. Actually, he was a pioneer researcher in computer architecture and software engineering; his work in pure mathematics and mathematical logic extended considerably further and his last work, on morphogenesis in plants, is also acknowledged as being of the greatest originality and of permanent importance. He was one of the leading figures in Twentieth-century science, a fact which would have been known to the general public sooner but for the British Official Secrets Act, which prevented discussion of his wartime work. What is maybe surprising about these papers is that although they were written decades ago, they address major issues which concern researchers today.
The Intelligent Imitator
Towards an Exemplar Theory of Behavioral Choice
1st Edition
Volume 95
R. Kvadsheim
English
This monograph presents a novel conceptual framework for the study of human social behavior with potentially far-reaching implications. Owing to the role it accords to stored memory representations of observed occurrences (examples) of actions, the proposed framework is referred to as the Exemplar Choice Theory, or ECT. The theory links perception and action and combines an expectancy-value perspective on choice behavior, with features of recent exemplar-based approaches to the study of human information processing. It addresses the influence of social models, as well as the impact of past action consequences and differs from extant theories of instrumental learning. The volume focuses on two extreme classes of conditions defined in terms of the actor's limited access to information and discusses available evidence from many areas of psychology. Its structure is as follows: the introductory chapter locates the proposed theory within a historical context; this is followed by an overview of the main structure of the conceptual framework; subsequently, general propositions are presented and discussed in detail; later, empirical implications are derived for certain extreme classes of choice conditions and considered in the light of empirical evidence. It is hoped the publication will inspire students and researchers of psychology, biology, zoology and of many social sciences, including sociology, anthropology, decision research, marketing, economics, cognitive science and mass media studies to undertake further research and to reconsider existing data and frameworks.

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