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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Piperidine

    Structure, Preparation, Reactivity, and Synthetic Applications of Piperidine and its Derivatives
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 43
    • M. Rubiralta + 2 more
    • English
    Piperidine, one of the simplest heterocyclic systems, is found in nature as part of several alkaloid compounds. Both natural and especially unnatural piperidine derivatives present interesting pharmacological properties. From a structural viewpoint, the conformation of piperidine has been the subject of one of the fiercest controversies in structural organic chemistry in the last few years. As a result of the combined use of several spectroscopic techniques, the conformational behavior of most types of piperidine-related compounds has been clarified. Some piperidine derivatives, namely, N-acylpiperidine, &agr;-cyanopiper... and piperidones are extremely useful and versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. The present book offers an updated and integrated view of all these topics. The aim of the book is twofold. Firstly, to reveal to the reader the combined use of different spectroscopic data, to facilitate an insight into the structure and conformational properties of any new piperidine derivative. Secondly, to establish a consistent link between conformation and reactivity for a variety of piperidine derivatives. Such a bridge is a key step for stereocontrol when dealing with the application of piperidine derivatives as synthetic intermediates. The book is conceived so that most of the information comes from visual inspection of the very abundant graphic material. An exhaustive subject index of more than 450 entries is also included.

  • Geosynthetics in Filtration, Drainage and Erosion Control

    • 1st Edition
    • R.M. Koerner
    • English
    Geosynthetics can, and have, played a pivotal role in providing the primary functions of filtration, drainage and erosion control. Within each category this book counterpoints the design, testing and performance of the various materials against one another. The facilitation of filtration by a number of different woven and non–woven geotextiles is discussed. Design is centred around a balance between open voids [for adequate permeability] and closed voids [for proper soil retention]. This balance is compromised by long term clogging or soil loss from either the upstream soil particles or by the nature of the permeating fluid. This is a major focal area of the book.One solution to excessive filter clogging is to open up the geotextile's voids and allow sediments and micro–organisms in the permeating fluid to pass through. The challenge then becomes the design and potential clogging of the drain. The drainage aspect of geosynthetics is the second focal area.Erosion control is closely related to both filtration and drainage. The tremendous design problems, and equally large repair problems on all types of facilities, are addressed. Highway slopes, earth dams, landfill covers and solid waste daily covers are a few common situations.

  • Stresses and Displacements for Shallow Foundations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 70
    • D. Milovic
    • English
    This monograph presents the results of the theoretical analyses of stresses and displacements for shallow foundations subjected to various types of loads. In these analyses not only the classical models but more complex models of soils have been used, such as two-layer half-space, homogenous compressible layer of finite thickness, two-layer compressible layer of finite thickness, anisotropic compressible layer. Contact stresses, settlements, vertical stress distribution, bending moments and shear forces have been determined for foundations of any rigidity. Numerous values of the dimensionless coefficients "I" are tabulated, which can be of use in the solution of practical engineering problems.

  • Stability, Bifurcation and Postcritical Behaviour of Elastic Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 39
    • M. Pignataro + 2 more
    • English
    A comprehensive and systematic analysis of elastic structural stability is presented in this volume. Traditional engineering buckling concepts are discussed in the framework of the Liapunov theory of stability by giving an extensive review of the Koiter approach. The perturbation method for both nonlinear algebraic and differential equations is discussed and adopted as the main tool for postbuckling analysis. The formulation of the buckling problem for the most common engineering structures - rods and frames, plates, shells, and thin-walled beams, is performed and the critical load evaluated for problems of interest. In many cases the postbuckling analysis up to the second order is presented. The use of the Ritz-Galerkin and of the finite element methods is examined as a tool for approximate bifurcation analysis. The volume will provide an up-to-date introduction for non-specialists in elastic stability theory and methods, and is intended for graduate and post-graduate students and researchers interested in nonlinear structural analysis problems. Basic prerequisites are kept to a minimum, a familiarity with elementary algebra and calculus is all that is required of readers to make use of this book.

  • Surveying Instruments and their Operational Principles

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 62
    • L. Fialovszky
    • English
    The book gives a detailed theoretical background of the constructional principles of instruments necessary for the most general tasks of surveying. Undergraduate and graduate students will find it very useful in surveying studies to get acquainted with the broad variety of instruments, both classical and new ones. At the same time, specialists in surveying will also find the book full of new material. The book contains about 600 pictures, including photographs and detailed descriptions of the most representative types of instrumentation. Older types of instruments already out of use, or used only occasionally, are described in broad outline, mentioning basic principles, methods of testing and possibilities for their modernization. New categories of instruments, such as gyroscopes, compensation levelling instruments, electronic theodolites, distance meters and tacheometers, are dealt with in more detail. Care has been taken to include the automation which is rapidly spreading in all fields of instrument manufacture, being necessary to reduce manual operations.The book is intended for builders, architects, technicians, teachers of surveying and professional manufacturers.

  • The Theory of Strata Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 63
    • H. Gil
    • English
    During the last thirty years, the increasing need for extracting coal from new mining fields, especially from unmined protective pillars and seams that are threatened with rock bursts and rock-gas eruptions, has accelerated the development of research in the fundamental mining discipline known as rock mass mechanics or geomechanics. Generally, rock mass mechanics is concerned with rock mass movements and with the phenomena accompanying them. Extensive theoretical, laboratory, and in-situ investigations have resulted in considerable achievements in the field of rock mass mechanics. It is impossible to include all these achievements in a single monograph, and therefore in the present book the author has attempted to contruct a synthetic mathematical description of the rock mass movements and of the strain and stress state induced by mining, in particular when extracting mineral deposits.

  • Seismic Effects on Structures

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 67
    • E. Juhásová
    • English
    This monograph deals with the problem of dynamic behaviour and seismic response of structures which are designed and constructed in seismic regions. Extensive attention is given to description of measuring methods, methods of evaluation of results and determination of dynamic properties of structures. The questions of linear and non-linear seismic response are solved taking into account the peculiarities of stiffness and damping and the demands of proper seismic design and the protecting of structures against unfavourable seismic effects. There is detailed analysis of torsional sesimic effects on structures with asymmetrical disposition in plan, of the influence of higher axial forces on the seismic response and of the problems of soil-structure interaction. The experimental results are extensively documented, with graphs, tables, photographs and a keyword index.This volume will interest structural engineers, engineers-designers, geophysicists, mechanical and geotechnical engineers. It is intended to serve both readers already acquainted with problems of earthquake engineering and beginners in this field.

  • Design of Welded Tubular Connections

    Basis and Use of AWS Code Provisions
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 37
    • P.W. Marshall
    • English
    Although tubular structures are reasonably well understood by designers of offshore platforms, onshore applications often suffer from "learning curve" problems, particularly in the connections, tending to inhibit the wider use of tubes. This book was written primarily to help this situation. Representing 25 years of work by one of the pioneers in the field of tubular structures, the book covers research, synthesis of design criteria, and successful application to the practical design, construction, inspection, and lifetime monitoring of major structures. Written by the principal author of the AWS D1.1 Code Provisions for Tubular Structures this book is intended to be used in conjunction with the AWS Structural Welding Code - Steel, AWS D1.1-88 published by the American Welding Society, Miami, FL, USA. Users of this Code, writers of other codes, students and researchers alike will find it an indispensable source of background material in their work with tubular structures.

  • Landfill Closures

    Geosynthetics, Interface Friction and New Developments
    • 1st Edition
    • R.M. Koerner
    • English
    It is toward investigating, discussing and presenting the various issues involved in solid waste closure that this book is focused. It consists of invited papers presented at the 4th Annual Geosynthetic Research Institute Seminar.The closure [capping] of completed or abandoned solid waste facilities present particular challenges, for example:★ there usually exists a very uncertain and random subsidence behaviour of the existing waste beneath the closure,★ the friction behaviour of the various interfaces that are involved in solid waste facilities is not established,★ there are numerous long term geosynthetic stability and durability issues that must be addressed, and★ there are an extremely large number of sites that require proper closure.These topics are addressed in the three sessions Geosynthetics in Landfill Closures, Interface Friction Considerations and Geocomposites Systems and New Materials. Current materials and basic techniques are reviewed and innovations discussed. Owners' perspectives and design considerations raised and specific problems such as liquid intrusion are addressed. The area of landfill closure simply begs innovation and the manufacturing sector is meeting the challenge. This gathering of expert opinions is an important document of the proper use of geosynthetics in landfill closure systems.

  • Rheological Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • S.S. Vyalov
    • English
    Soil rheology is a branch of soil mechanics investigating the origin of, and the time-dependent changes in the stressed and strained state of soil. The author of this book however interprets rheology as being the science concerned on the one hand with how the state of stress and strain is formed and altered in a body, and on the other, with the particulars of the body's behaviour failing to fit the traditional concepts of elasticity and plasticity. There are many instances where the actual behaviour of soil differs substantially from schematized concepts and by taking into account all the peculiarities of soil deformation, precise knowledge of soil properties can be obtained and analytical prediction thus improved. Such problems are tackled in this book.This book comprises three main parts. The first part deals with basic rheological concepts and terms, the physics of soil, principles of stress-strain theory, elasticity, plasticity and viscosity - all cardinal rheological properties. The second part explains the rheological processes taking place in soils, such as creep and long-term strength, which are examined by the author with allowance for nonlinear deformation. Along with the known phenomenological theories, attention is paid to the novel kinetic (physical) theory of deformations and long-term strength. The third part outlines the generalized theory of soil deformation. It explains why soil offers different resistances to tensional and compressional deformations and derives the generalized rheological equation of state, enabling the effect of the three stress tensor invariants on the changes in shape and volume to be taken into account. From the standpoint of the theory discussed, the penultimate chapter gives examples of solutions to some problems facing soil mechanics. The final chapter reviews mathematical models representing the actual behaviour of soil under load and provides numerical solutions for engineering problems obtained with the aid of computer models.Thus the book provides a wealth of information which will be of interest both to the practising geotechnical engineer as well as to teachers and students.

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