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Elsevier

Elsevier Science

  • Electrochemistry in Molecular and Microscopic Dimensions

    Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Elctrochemistry jointly organized with GDCh-Fachgruppe Angewandte Electrochemie, Düsseldorf, Germany, 15-20 September 2002
    • 1st Edition
    • Joachim W. Schultze + 1 more
    • English
    This book is a hard bound edition of a special issue (vol. 48/20-22) of the journal Electrochimica Acta. It summarizes the highlights of the 53rd Annual meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry and Annual meeting of the GDCh-Fachgruppe Angewandte Elektrochemie. The theme of the conference was Electrochemistry in Molecular and Microscopic dimensions and was based on the role of electrochemistry in the miniaturization of chemical and physical methods. Topics covered are : - development of electrochemistry with microscopic and molecular resolution;- initiation of advances in Electrochemical Microsystem Technologies EMT, and micro/nano-electroni... development of Electrochemical Materials Science for nanomaterials;- enhancement of miniaturization and sensitivity of electroanalysis, and;- the bridge from electrochemistry to biology and medicine of microscopic and molecular understanding.

  • Biosensors: Kinetics of Binding and Dissociation Using Fractals

    • 1st Edition
    • Ajit Sadana
    • English
    This title brings to the attention of researchers in the industry, and in academia, the application of fractals to help in modeling the analyte/receptor binding and dissociation kinetics on biosensor surfaces.The work builds on that done in Engineering Biosensors: Kinetics and Design Applications, published by Academic Press in 2002. In particular, more examples are provided of where biosensors may be effectively used. This sequel is extremely timely, given the anticipation that the applications and reliance on biosensors will increase due to the advances in miniaturization, (wireless) communications, and the development of new materials (especially biological and chemical). Other applications of biosensors on the increase can be found in: the protection of civilian structures and infrastructures; protection from possible biological and chemical threats; health care; energy; food safety; and the environment to name a few.

  • Cryptosporidium: From Molecules to Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • R.C.A. Thompson + 2 more
    • English
    In the relatively short period since Cryptosporidium was recognised as a human pathogen, and that it could be transmitted in water as well as directly between animals and people, it has been the subject of intense investigations. Its status as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and the lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs have served to emphasise the public health importance of this organism. This has to some extent overshadowed the fact that Cryptosporidium is also an important pathogen of domestic animals and wildlife. In recent years, the application of molecular biology and culture techniques have had an enormous impact on our understanding of the aetiological agents of cryptosporidial infections and our ability to study the causative agents in the laboratory. As a consequence, a wealth of information and novel data has been produced during the last 3-4 years, particularly in the areas of taxonomy, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology - particularly zoonotic and water borne transmission, and treatment.It is thus very timely to bring together in this book the international research community involved to review the major advances in research and identify the important research priorities for the future, thus enabling as wide an audience as possible to benefit from and share in this comprehensive look at Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis.

  • Advances in Antiviral Drug Design

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • E. De Clercq
    • English
    The fourth volume of Advances in Antiviral Drug Design is keeping up with the recent progress made in the broad field of antiviral drug research and encompasses six specific directions that have opened new avenues for the treatment of HIV and other virus infections.First, as the introductory chapter, the different new anti-HIV agents that are now in preclinical or clinical development are reviewed by E. De Clercq. This includes new NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs, but also HIV entry/fusion inhibitors as well as integrase inhibitors, and some of these agents, such as the NRTI emtricitabine [(-)FTC] and the PI atazanavir, may soon be licensed for clinical use.Second, high expectations are vested in the potential therapeutic usefulness of inhibitors of HIV integration, a point of no return in the life cycle of HIV, and this approach is highlighted by D.J. Hazuda and S.D. Young.Third, as all currently available PIs can be described as "peptidomimetic", and, therefore, expected to demonstrate overlapping virus-drug resistance and side effect profiles, it would be interesting to see how a non-peptidic protease inhibitor such as tipranavir behaves, and this is covered by D. Mayers, K. Curry, V. Kohlbrenner and S. McCallister.Fourth, neuraminidase inhibitors such as zanamivir (that has to be inhaled) and oseltamivir (that can be administered via the oral route) have gained a definitive status as antiviral drugs useful for both therapy and prophylaxis of influenza A and B virus infections; as they target a specific influenza viral enzyme, neuraminidase (or sialidase), they may be expected to block newly emerging influenza viruses as well, and the design of neuraminidase inhibitors has received due attention of H. Jin and C.U. Kim.Fifth, while the major current efforts in antiviral drug development have shifted from herpesviruses towards HIV and hepatitis viruses [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV)], it is interesting to note that by switching from the classical five-membered sugar or acyclic nucleoside strategy, J. Wang, M. Froeyen and P. Herdewijn have gone "upstream" in designing six-membered carbocyclic nucleosides as potential anti-herpesvirus agents.Sixth, following up on the nucleotide prodrug strategy introduced above under ix, to deliver the biologically active nucleotides inside the cells, C. Meier has elaborated on a particular class of such pronucleotides, namely that of the cyclosaligenyl pronucleotides, an approach that should have far reaching implications for compounds effective against HIV, HBV and other viruses.The six topics covered in this fourth volume of Advances in Antiviral Drug Design are in the front line of the present endeavors towards the design and development of new therapeutic agents for virus infections. They pertain to the combat against three of the most important viral pathogens of current times: HIV, HBV, influenza virus and herpesviruses.

  • The Quaternary Period in the United States

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • A.R. Gillespie + 2 more
    • English
    This book reviews advances in understanding of the past ca. two million years of Earth history - the Quaternary Period - in the United States. It begins with sections on ice and water - as glaciers, permafrost, oceans, rivers, lakes, and aquifers. Six chapters are devoted to the high-latitude Pleistocene ice sheets, to mountain glaciations of the western United States, and to permafrost studies. Other chapters discuss ice-age lakes, caves, sea-level fluctuations, and riverine landscapes. With a chapter on landscape evolution models, the book turns to essays on geologic processes. Two chapters discuss soils and their responses to climate, and wind-blown sediments. Two more describe volcanoes and earthquakes, and the use of Quaternary geology to understand the hazards they pose. The next part of the book is on plants and animals. Five chapters consider the Quaternary history of vegetation in the United States. Other chapters treat forcing functions and vegetation response at different spatial and temporal scales, the role of fire as a catalyst of vegetation change during rapid climate shifts, and the use of tree rings in inferring age and past hydroclimatic conditions. Three chapters address vertebrate paleontology and the extinctions of large mammals at the end of the last glaciation, beetle assemblages and the inferences they permit about past conditions, and the peopling of North America. A final chapter addresses the numerical modeling of Quaternary climates, and the role paleoclimatic studies and climatic modeling has in predicting future response of the Earth's climate system to the changes we have wrought.

  • Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 41
    • Zoltan Mester + 1 more
    • English
    Following the collection of a sample, every analytical chemist will agree that its subsequent preservation and processing are of paramount importance. The availability of high performance analytical instrumentation has not diminished this need for careful selection of appropriate pretreatment methodologies, intelligently designed to synergistically elicit optimum function from these powerful measurement tools. Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis is a modern, comprehensive treatise, providing an account of the state-of-the art on the subject matter. The book has been conceived and designed to satisfy the varied needs of the practicing analytical chemist. It is a multi-author work, reflecting the diverse expertise arising from its highly qualified contributors. The first five chapters deal with general issues related to the determination of trace metals in varied matrices, such as sampling, contamination control, reference materials, calibration and detection techniques. The second part of the book deals with extraction and sampling technologies (totaling 15 chapters), providing theoretical and practical hints for the users on how to perform specific extractions. Subsequent chapters overview seven major representative matrices and the sample preparation involved in their characterization. This portion of the book is heavily based on the preceding chapters dealing with extraction technologies. The last ten chapters are dedicated to sample preparation for trace element speciation.

  • Plastics Engineered Product Design

    • 1st Edition
    • D.V. Rosato
    • English
    • A comprehensive book which collates the experience of two well-known US plastic engineers.• Enables engineers to make informed decisions.• Includes a unique chronology of the world of plastics.The use of plastics is increasing year on year, and new uses are being found for plastics in many industries. Designers using plastics need to understand the nature and properties of the materials which they are using so that the products perform to set standards.This book, written by two very experienced plastics engineers, provides copious information on the materials, fabrication processes, design considerations and plastics performance, thus allowing informed decisions to be made by engineers.It also includes a useful chronology of the world of plastics, a resource not found elsewhere.

  • Frontiers in Viral Hepatitis

    • 1st Edition
    • R.F. Schinazi + 2 more
    • English
    Frontiers in Viral Hepatitis provides a compilation of the research from over 40 key opinion leaders in the field of Hepatitis. The book focuses on the latest advances in the search for new, more effective therapeutic options and related topics in viral hepatitis. These include regulatory issues, epidemiology, and emerging viruses; immunology and vaccines; viral hepatitis B and C infections in children; genetics pathology and viral diagnosis; cell systems and animal models; novel therapeutics for hepatitis B and C; resistance and therapeutic strategies in humans; and prevention and treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma.The breadth of information published in this volume provides insight into current prevention and treatment options. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology, immunology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses have accelerated at a remarkable rate, offering a more comprehensive perspective on hepatitis.

  • Recent Advances in Psychology and Aging

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 15
    • P. Costa + 1 more
    • English
    Recent Events in the Psychology of Aging documents the successful integration of aging into the mainstream of psychology. Leading psychologists present overviews of the key issues and research findings on mainstream topics. These include cognitive neuroscience, visual attention, learning, memory and cognition, as well as personality and happiness. The intersection of aging content with mainstream psychology is also prominent in the areas of emotions, personality, and social psychology as seen in the chapters on subjective well-being, emotional development, self-esteem and personality trajectories.The seven chapters of this book offer information on such topics as: the seven sins of memory, categorizing the common breakdowns of memory in everyday life and the special breakdown of sins that increase with aging; problems with attention and learning; and offers answers to questions such as do emotions get blunted with age; do older people focus more on positive feelings; and the age old question of whether older people are happier than younger people is given in the chapter on the evolving concept of subjective well-being and the multifaceted nature of happiness. Questions about what occurs to one's self-esteem and personality are also masterfully discussed and the answers may be surprising. The concluding seventh chapter provides a cultural lens on the biopsychosocial study of aging.

  • NGF and Related Molecules in Health and Disease

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 146
    • L. Aloe + 1 more
    • English
    The book highlights different aspects of current understanding of neurotrophin-recepto... signal transduction pathways, including the signaling endosome hypothesis. Findings on the synaptotrophic potential of NGF and related neurotrophins, neurotrophin involvement in neuronal stem cell biology, biological activity of the NGF precursor proNGF, and nociception- and antinociception-asso... activity of NGF and/or BDNF are also presented and discussed. Several chapters deal with the involvement of various neurotrophins in the control of different nonneuronal processes, such as immune, inflammatory and allergic reactions, tissue repair and wound healing. The findings showed that neurotrophins play important roles in the pathobiology of a surprising variety of seemingly unrelated non-neurological diseases, including bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, hair growth disorders, psoriasis, corneal and skin ulcers, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, crush syndrome, and Behçet's disease. There are also chapters on the involvement of NGF and related molecules in neurological diseases, including Huntington's disease, the multiple sclerosis-like model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, peripheral neuropathies, neuroblastoma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and even motion sickness syndrome, also psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia. Finally, potential important therapeutic benefits are presented, for diabetic neuropathy, gastrointestinal dysmotility, CNS neurodegenerative disease, spinal cord injuries, cutaneous and corneal ulcers, as well as peripheral ischemic vasculopathy.

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