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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Vacuum Engineering Calculations, Formulas, and Solved Exercises

    • 1st Edition
    • Armand Berman
    • English
    This book was written with two main objectives in mind - to summarize and organize the vast material of vacuum technology in sets of useful formulas, and to provide a collection of worked out exercises showing how to use these formulas for solving technological problems. It is an ideal reference source for those with little time to devote to a full mathematical treatment of the many problems issued in vacuum practice, but who have a working knowledge of the essentials of vacuum technology, elementary physics, and mathematics. This time saving book employs a problem-solving approach throughout, providing the methodology for computing vacuum parameters. References and solved exercises are appended to the end of each chapter.

  • Optical Image Formation and Processing

    • 1st Edition
    • M Francon
    • English
    Optical Image Formation and Processing describes modern physical optics, particularly concerning interference, diffraction, and a simplified theory of partial coherence. The book also discusses polarization, with emphasis on interference phenomena on polarized light. An image is formed in terms of the filtering of spatial frequencies, filtering that is due to transfer function. The text explains holography—a reconstruction of the image of an object beginning from the diffraction patterns produced by the object. A computer can also create artificial variations from the photographic plate which records the hologram, and can synthesize the hologram. The book cites an example of the synthesis of a hologram by a computer using the principle of binary holograms. The text also reviews some experiments dealing with the properties of lasers associated with temporal coherence and power. The book explains that lasers can carry large amounts of information due to their very high frequencies in the order of 300, 000 gigahertz, and recommends the use of optical fibers as the transmission medium instead of using open air. This book can prove useful for technicians, students, and professor connected with optical physics.

  • Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Melvin Robin
    • English
    Higher Excited States of Polyatomic Molecules, Volume I focuses on the spectra in the vacuum-ultraviolet region between 50,000 and 100,000 cm-1. This book explores the higher excitations in molecules beyond 50,000 cm-1. Organized into three chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the excited-state properties of a molecule and the excited-state ionization potential. This book then proceeds with a discussion of the original classification of the properties as well as the types of excitations observed in the vacuum-ultraviolet. Other chapters discuss photoelectron spectroscopy, which is an independent, self-sustaining branch of molecular spectroscopy. This text examines as well the distinction between valence shell and Rydberg excitations. The final chapter deals with several topics, including the saturated molecules that are classified as having all valence electrons, the alkene absorption spectra, and the spectroscopic data on boron compounds. Analytical chemists, photochemists, molecular spectroscopists, and researchers will find this book extremely useful.

  • Introductory Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Bell
    • English
    Introductory Fourier Transform Spectroscopy discusses the subject of Fourier transform spectroscopy from a level that requires knowledge of only introductory optics and mathematics. The subject is approached through optical principles, not through abstract mathematics. The book approaches the subject matter in two ways. The first is through simple optics and physical intuition, and the second is through Fourier analysis and the concepts of convolution and autocorrelation. This dual treatment bridges the gap between the introductory material in the book and the advanced material in the journals. The book also discusses information theory, Fourier analysis, and mathematical theorems to complete derivations or to give alternate views of an individual subject. The text presents the development of optical theory and equations to the extent required by the advanced student or researcher. The book is intended as a guide for students taking advanced research programs in spectroscopy. Material is included for the physicists, chemists, astronomers, and others who are interested in spectroscopy.

  • Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • M Gitterman
    • English
    Qualitative Analysis of Physical Problems reviews the essential features of all the main approaches used for the qualitative analysis of physical problems and demonstrates their application to problems from a wide variety of fields. Topics covered include model construction, dimensional analysis, symmetry, and the method of the small parameter. This book consists of six chapters and begins by looking at various approaches for the construction of models, along with nontrivial applications of dimensional analysis to some typical model systems. The following chapters focus on the application of symmetry to the microscopic and macroscopic properties of systems; the implications of analyticity and occurrence of singularities; and some methods of deriving the magnitude of the solutions (that is, approximate numerical values) for problems that usually cannot be solved exactly in closed form. The final chapter demonstrates the use of qualitative analysis to address the problem of second harmonic generation in nonlinear optics. This monograph will be a useful resource for graduate students, experimental and theoretical physicists, chemists, engineers, college and high school teachers, and those who are interested in obtaining a general perspective of modern physics.

  • Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides 2e

    • 2nd Edition
    • Paul Liao
    • English
    Theory of Dialectric Optical Waveguides, Second Edition focuses on the practical usage of optical waveguides. This book explores the rapid growth of integrated optics, which is devoted to the development of microscopic optical circuits based on thin film technology. Organized into nine chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the properties of dielectric slab waveguides. This book then examines the theory of directional couplers with and without diffraction gratings. Other chapters describe the numerical methods for solving guided mode as well as wave propagation problems. This text discusses as well the beam propagation method and the popular effective refractive index method. The final chapter deals with the significance of nonlinear phenomena. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students of physics and electrical engineering. Practicing engineers and scientists in the fields of integrated optics, optical communications, and fiber sensors will find this book extremely useful.

  • Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 1991

    • 1st Edition
    • G.E. McGuire + 2 more
    • English
    The contributions in this two-volume set represent the work of over two hundred international researchers from universities, government laboratories and industry, with diverse backgrounds and interests in a wide range of coatings and thin film processes. The two hundred and six papers attest to the fact that Metallurgical Coatings is a rapidly growing field attracting experts from the large materials, scientific and technical community. The papers will be a useful and dynamic tool for those wishing to increase their knowledge on metallurgical coatings, as well as providing a guide to recent literature in this field.

  • Applications of Mossbauer Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard L. Cohen
    • English
    Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Volume I is a collection of essays that discusses the research performed using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The book presents the effect of some stabilizers of polyethylene. It demonstrates the polymerization processes and structure of catalytically active centers. The text also describes the chemical processes in butyl rubber vulcanization. It discusses the experimental studies of iron transport proteins and the thermal decomposition of solids. The section that follows describes the paramagnetic hyperfine structure. The book will provide valuable insights for scientists, chemists, students, and researchers in the field of organic chemistry.

  • Beam And Fiber Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • J.A. Arnaud
    • English
    Beam and Fiber Optics discusses the concepts of wave and geometrical optics that are most relevant to a deeper understanding of beam optics. This book is organized into five chapters that provide the necessary algebraic details, particularly the laws of beam propagation through unaberrated optical systems. The first chapter presents a broad view of the subject matter and a comparison between the laws of mechanics and the laws of optics. Chapter 2 explores the laws of propagation of Gaussian beams through freespace, unaberrated lenses, or lenslike media and resonators. The simplest configurations (two-dimensional with isotropic media) are first considered, but a few advanced problems are also treated. This chapter also discusses the use of Gaussian beams at millimeter wavelengths. In Chapter 3, various wave equations relevant to beam optics are given, and their relationship is examined. This text also emphasizes the importance of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem for problems of coupling between beams or fibers. The geometrical optics limit of wave equations is addressed in Chapter 4. This chapter also considers the propagation of optical pulses in dispersive inhomogeneous (graded-index) fibers based on the point of view of Hamiltonian optics. The final chapter is devoted to piecewise homogeneous dielectric waveguides, such as the dielectric slab and the dielectric rod. A method to evaluate the bending loss of open waveguides is described. This book will be useful to students, professors, and research engineers in the field of electromagnetic communication.

  • Introduction to Electron and Ion Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Poul Dahl
    • English
    Introduction to Electron and Ion Optics provides the theoretical background needed to understand the subject matter and even be helpful in laboratory works. Seven major parts comprise the book where each focuses on a certain aspect or field. The book begins with an introduction to the general principles about electron and ion optics, specifically as basis for the design of the optical components used in particle analyzers and accelerators. The following parts tackle different aspects such as geometrical optics; scaling rules and dispersion coefficients; fields (paraxial, sector, fringing, quadrupole); lenses (electrostatic, immersion, unipotential, etc.); analyzers (electrostatic, spherical, etc.); and space charge and beam production. Towards the last part of the book, there is an exercises section where various problems are given for the reader to answer. This book caters to students specifically in the field of physics.

  • Spin Waves and Magnetic Excitations

    • 1st Edition
    • English
    Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume 22.2: Spin Waves and Magnetic Excitations focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, principles, and approaches involved in spin waves and magnetic excitations, including magnetic systems, fluctuations, resonance, and spin dynamics. The selection first elaborates on spin-wave resonance in metals, excitations in low-dimensional magnetic systems, and the theory of magnetic excitations in disordered systems. Topics include spin waves in ferromagnets with weak fluctuations of the exchange interaction; dynamics of propagating excitations; models of two-dimensional magnetic systems; spin-wave resonance in bulk metals; and standing spin-wave resonance in thin films. The manuscript then ponders on spin dynamics of amorphous magnets and magnetic excitations in spin glasses, including dynamics in reentrant spin glasses, dynamics of classical spin glasses, spin dynamical theory, spin dynamics of locally isotropic materials, and effects of dilution. The book takes a look at nuclear spin and magnetoelastic excitations and magnetic impuritons in antiferromagnetic dielectric crystals. Discussions focus on coherent and incoherent impurity excitations, equations of motion and the energy of a magnetoelastic medium, magnetoelastic excitations near magnetic orientational phase transitions, and the effect of frequency pulling on the behavior of nuclear spin echo signals. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in spin waves and magnetic excitations.

  • Polymer Sequence Determination

    Carbon-13 NMR Method
    • 1st Edition
    • James Randall
    • English
    Polymer Sequence Determination: Carbon-13 NMR Method covers the principles, practice, and application of 13C NMR to polymer structure determination. This book is divided into six chapters that highlight spectral interpretations, applications, and experimental considerations. Chapter 1 examines the polymer structure, with special emphasis on those structural features delineated by 13C NMR, along with the assignment techniques used during 13C NMR interpretations of polymer spectra. Chapters 2 and 3 present the methods for measuring sequence distributions and number-average sequence lengths for configurational sequences in vinyl homopolymers and for the comonomer distribution in copolymers and terpolymers. Chapter 4 discusses the statistical approaches to polymer characterization, while Chapter 5 contains practical experimental considerations when designing an NMR experiment to obtain quantitative structural information. Chapter 6 reviews 13C NMR studies for various vinyl homopolymers and copolymers. This book will be of great value to polymer scientists, NMR spectroscopists, and researchers.

  • Physics in the Modern World

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Marion
    • English
    Physics in the Modern World focuses on the applications of physics in a world dominated by technology and the many ways that physical ideas are manifest in everyday situations, from the operation of rockets and cameras to space travel and X-ray photography. Automobile air bags, drag racing, artificial gravity, and pollution control, as well as appliance economics, musical instruments, radar, and other modern phenomena and devices are discussed to emphasize the way that physical principles are applied in today's world. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to physical ideas, with particular reference to some of the rules by which nature governs the microscopic (or small-scale) world of atoms and the macroscopic (or large-scale) realm of everyday objects, the Earth, planets, and stars. The discussion then turns to the microworld of physics and its fundamental building blocks - electrons, protons, and neutrons - and how they combine to form atoms, molecules, and nuclei. Subsequent chapters explore motion, heat, wave, and energy, as well as the basic forces in nature. Electricity, relativity, liquids and gases, and radiation are also discussed. This monograph is intended for physics students who are specializing in other disciplines.

  • An Introduction to Solid State Diffusion

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Borg + 1 more
    • English
    The energetics and mechanisms of diffusion control the kinetics of such diverse phenomena as the fabrication of semiconductors and superconductors, the tempering of steel, geological metamorphism, the precipitation hardening of nonferrous alloys and corrosion of metals and alloys. This work explains the fundamentals of diffusion in the solid state at a level suitable for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in materials science, metallurgy, mineralogy, and solid state physics and chemistry. A knowledge of physical chemistry such as is generally provided by a one-year undergraduate course is a prerequisite, though no detailed knowledge of solid state physics or crystallography is required.

  • The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Kenneth Kase
    • English
    The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation, Volume I focuses on the development in radiation dosimetry, which has its origin in the medical application of ionizing radiation with the discovery of X-rays. This book discusses the irradiation of human beings and the biosphere by ionizing radiation from different sources, which is subjected to increased concern and interest due to its possible health effects. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the factors determining the conversion of the imparted energy into a detectable signal. This text then explores the theoretical basis of microdosimetry and illustrates the numerical data, experimental techniques, and applications of essential concepts and results. Other chapters consider the application of instruments in dose measurements. This book discusses as well the application of radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant diseases. The final chapter deals with the recommended model parameters for internal dosimetry calculations in occupational radiation protection. Physicists, radiation physicists, scientists, and research institutes will find this book useful.

  • Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics ICHEP 2002

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Bentvelsen + 3 more
    • English
    The first precision measurements on CP violation in the B system are reported. Both the BELLE and the BABAR collaboration presented, among others, results for sin 2ß with much improved accuracy. Results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, SNO, also deserve to be mentioned. The convincing evidence of solar neutrino oscillations had been presented by SNO prior to the conference; a full presentation was given at the conference. An incredibly precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is reported, a fresh result from the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Apart from these distinct physics highlights, there are also the first results from the new Tevatron run and from the relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC. Theorists write of our ever better understanding of the Standard Model and of what might lie beyond. Risky as it is to highlight only a couple of exciting subjects, it is merely meantto whet the appetite for further reading.

  • A User's Guide to Ellipsometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Harland G. Tompkins
    • English
    This book is specifically designed for the user who wishes expanded use of ellipsometry beyond the relatively limited number of turn-key applications. The book provides a concise discussion of theory and instrumentation before describing how to use optical parameters to determine material properties and optical parameters for inaccessible substrates and unknown films, and how to measure extremely thin films. The book also addresses polysilicon, a material commonly used in the microelectronics industry, and the effect of substrate roughness. This book's concepts and applications are reinforced through the 14 case studies that illustrate specific applications of ellipsometry from the semiconductor industry as well as studies involving corrosion and oxide growth.

  • Nanostructures and Mesoscopic systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Wiley Kirk
    • English
    Nanostructures and Mesoscopic Systems presents the proceedings of the International Symposium held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on May 20-24, 1991. The book discusses nanostructure physics; nanostructures in motion; and advances in nanostructure fabrication. The text also describes ballistic transport and coherence; low-dimensional tunneling; and electron correlation and coulomb blockade. Banostructure arrays and collective effects; the theory and modeling of nanostructures; and mesoscopic systems are also encompassed. The book further tackles the optical properties of nanostructures.

  • Handbook of Optical Holography

    • 1st Edition
    • H. J. Caulfield
    • English
    Handbook of Optical Holography is composed of 10 chapters that readers can turn to for specific questions regarding holography. This book begins by elucidating the classification of holograms, major types of holograms, and variations. The text then explains the image formation, cardinal points and principal rays for holography, equipment, and procedures. This book also tackles special problems and application areas of this technology. This text will be valuable to people who want to apply holography—whether to industry, government, health services, education, or research.

  • Direct nuclear Reactions

    • 1st Edition
    • Norman Glendenning
    • English
    Direct Nuclear Reactions deals with the theory of direct nuclear reactions, their microscopic aspects, and their effect on the motions of the individual nucleons. The principal results of the theory are described, with emphasis on the approximations involved to understand how well the theory can be expected to hold under specific experimental conditions. Applications to the analysis of experiments are also considered. This book consists of 19 chapters and begins by explaining the difference between direct and compound nuclear reactions. The reader is then introduced to the theory of plane waves, some results of scattering theory, and the phenomenological optical potential. The following chapters focus on form factors and their nuclear structure content; the basis of the optical potential as an effective interaction; reactions such as inelastic single- and two-nucleon transfer reactions; the effect of nuclear correlations; and the role of multiple-step reactions. The theory of inelastic scattering and the relationship between the effective and free interactions are also discussed, along with reactions between heavy ions and the polarizability of nuclear wave functions during a heavy-ion reaction. This monograph will be of interest to nuclear physicists.

  • Excitons

    Their Properties and Uses
    • 1st Edition
    • Donald C. Reynolds
    • English
    Excitons: Their Properties and Uses presents the fundamental properties of excitons and emphasizes the extensive use of excitons as a tool in understanding the properties of materials. This book explores the basic and technological importance of the physical parameters of materials. Organized into eight chapters, this text starts with a discussion on the theoretical aspects of excitons, and then explores the high-density exciton systems in which the interaction between the constituents is important. Other chapters discuss the experimental observations of exciton phenomena with proper theoretical interpretation of the data. The reader is then introduced to the interactions of excitons with other systems. The final chapter examines the experimental techniques used in the study of excitons and the importance of excitons in materials technology. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers working with semiconductors and other areas of materials technology. Second-year graduate students of solid-state physics will find this book extremely useful.

  • Electrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward Ramberg
    • English
    Lectures on Theoretical Physics provides an overview of the fundamental principles of electrodynamics. It presents biographical notes on several scientists, including Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Heinrich Hertz, and André Marie Ampère. The book is comprised of four parts encompassing 38 chapters. Part One explains Maxwell’s equation as an axiomatic basis, in the coordinates and in differential form, but in integral form. Part Two discusses the various classes of phenomena in stationary, quasi-stationary, static, and rapidly variable fields. It also distinguishes between summation and boundary-value problems in electrostatics and magnetostatics. Part Three presents the four-dimensional form of electrodynamics as the basic introduction to the theory of relativity. It also considers the fundamental link between the dynamics of the individual electron and Maxwell’s theory. Finally, Part Four deals with the electrodynamics of moving media. This book is a valuable resource to scientists, researchers, and individuals working in the field of theoretical physics.

  • Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding

    Principles And Interpretation
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • P Bhattacharya
    • English
    Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding: Principles and Interpretation provides a comprehensive review of the Schlumberger method of geoelectric sounding, as well as current methods of interpretation. It explores the theoretical foundations of geoelectric sounding, the relative advantages and limitations of the two symmetrical arrangements for vertical electrical sounding, the techniques of interpretation for Wenner sounding curves, and dipole sounding. This volume is based on educational materials used in the study of geoelectric sounding. It begins with an overview of the theory of current flow in a horizontally stratified Earth, followed by a discussion of how the resistivity of the ground is measured. The book explains the current flow in a homogeneous anisotropic and horizontally stratified Earth, the principle of equivalence, and vertical electrical sounding. Moreover, it presents the basic principles and procedures for the construction of theoretical master curves. Asymptotic values of Schlumberger curves, the principle of reduction of two layers and of a three-layer Earth, and Tagg's method of interpretation are also discussed. The book explains the interpretation by curve-matching, characteristics of dipole electric sounding, and geological applications of electrical resistivity sounding. Engineering problems and application examples with self-explanatory diagrams are provided at the end of the chapters. This book will benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to broaden their understanding of exploration geophysics, as well as professional exploration geologists and geophysicists, civil engineers, agricultural scientists, and researchers.

  • Photochemical Processes in Organized Molecular Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Honda
    • English
    Photochemical processes form the basis of life. Energy transfer through photons also underlies a wide range of phenomena ranging from the motion of atoms and molecules to the assembly of systems of molecules, such as polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films and even liquid crystals.Photochemic... Processes in Organized Molecular Systems provides an overview of recent photochemical investigations of systems of molecules. The book is divided into four parts: the first two deal with current progress on the understanding of photoinduced chemical processes, the third and fourth chapter deal with the photochemistry of organized molecular systems including polymers, micelles and liquid crystals.This book should be studied by all who want to know more about this promising field of photochemical research, and about the fascinating processes that light can bring about.

  • Turbulence and Nonlinear Dynamics in MHD Flows

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Meneguzzi + 2 more
    • English
    Topics discussed at this international workshop include: magnetic fields in astrophysical flows, slow and fast dynamos, MHD turbulence in space plasmas and in the laboratory, exact solutions to MHD, topology and chaos in MHD, helicity and velocity-magnetic correlations, turbulent reconnection and non-magnetic flows.

  • External Senses

    • 1st Edition
    • A.C. Damask
    • English
    External Senses, the second volume in the series Medical Physics, focuses on the electrophysiology and biophysics of the receptors as these are common in each species. This book also briefly discusses brain pathways but the topic on synapsing mechanism and brain electrophysiology are covered in the last volume. This volume focuses on the category of senses which respond to external stimuli - taste, smell, touch, hearing, and vision. The results of research presented in this volume, although limited in terms of medical applications because they are not precisely defined, pave the way towards medical treatment in the future. The topics of each chapter focus on broad areas such as: gustation, olfaction, cutaneous sensation, audition, vision, and psychophysics. This book is a helpful tool for all undergraduates, premedical students, and postgraduate students of various scientific disciplines.

  • Hydrogen in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Stutzmann + 1 more
    • English
    Hydrogen on semiconductor surfaces has been an area of considerable activity over the last two decades. Structural, thermal, and dynamical properties of hydrogen chemisorbed on crystalline silicon and other semiconductors have been studied in great detail. These properties serve as a reference for related, but more complex systems such as hydrogen at multiple vacancies in crystalline semiconductors or at microvoids in amorphous samples. Interesting from a surface physics point of view is the fact that hydrogen as a monovalent element is an ideal terminator for unsaturated bonds on surfaces and therefore tends to have a large influence on surface reconstruction. A related phenomenon with large technological impact (for example in low cost solar cells) is the passivation of grain boundaries in microcrystalline semiconductors. Finally, hydrogenated semiconductor surfaces always appear as a boundary layer during low-energy hydrogenation of bulk semiconductors, so that a complete description of hydrogen uptake or desorption necessarily has to take these surfaces into account.This collection of invited and contributed papers has been carefully balanced to deal with amorphous and crystalline semiconductors and surfaces and presents basic and experimental work (basic and applied) as well as theory. The resulting volume presents a summary of the state-of-the-art in the field of hydrogen in semiconductors and will hopefully stimulate future work in this area.

  • The Theory of Auger Transitions

    • 1st Edition
    • D Chattarji
    • English
    The Theory of Auger Transitions reviews the Auger effect theory, relating it to the broad spectrum of atomic and physical theory. This book discusses the Auger effect involving discrete and continuous states of the atomic system, which can be used as a good testing ground for fundamental atomic theory, such as the various atomic models and their concomitant wave functions. The application of Auger spectroscopy to surface chemical analysis is also elaborated. Other topics include the symmetry and invariance, theory of the Auger process, coulomb field and coulomb wave functions, and symmetry-breaking and classification of states. The central-field calculations, many-electron atom, advances in Auger theory, and Auger electron spectroscopy and its application to surface science are likewise covered in this text. This publication is intended for scientists and atomic physicists, but is also useful to theoreticians and graduate student specializing in atomic physics.

  • Positron Annihilation

    Proceedings of the Conference held at Wayne State University on July 27-29,1965
    • 1st Edition
    • A.T. Steward
    • English
    Positron Annihilation focuses on the process of positron annihilation in different environments. Partitioned into two parts with 42 chapters, the book contains the contributions of authors who have done research on the annihilation of positrons, which brought about valuable information on the properties of matter. The first part of the book deals with lengthy review articles, including a survey of the physics of positron annihilation; positron annihilation in metals and the theory involved in the process; and positron annihilation in alkali halides and ionic crystals. Positronium formation and interaction in gases, molecular substances, and ionic crystals are also given attention. Gaseous positronics and positron annihilation in condensed gases and liquids are also discussed. The second part of the book focuses on developments on positron annihilation and the direction of research on this field. The studies concentrate on positron annihilation in various crystals, metals, mercury, liquefied gases, helium, and metal oxides. Numerical representations and analyses are presented to support the processes involved. The book can best serve the interest of those who want to explore further the annihilation of positrons.

  • Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • A.L. Smith
    • English
    Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology covers the proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Emulsion Technology Symposium, held at Brunel University on September 16-18, 1974. This book is organized into four sessions encompassing 19 chapters. The opening session deals with the emulsification process and emulsion polymerization, as well as the adsorption behavior of polyelectrolyte-stab... emulsions. The following session examines the rheological properties, stability, and fluid mechanics of emulsions. This session also looks into the role of protein conformation and crude oil-water interfacial properties in emulsion stability. The third session highlights the preparation, formation, properties, and application of bitumen emulsions. The concluding session describes the process of spontaneous emulsification; the steric emulsion stabilization; the interfacial measurements of oil-in-water emulsions; and the influence of the disperse phase on emulsion stability. This book will be of value to chemists, chemical and process engineers, and researchers.

  • Quantum Mechanics For Applied Physics And Engineering

    • 1st Edition
    • Albert T. Jr. Fromhold
    • English
    Quantum Mechanics for Applied Physics and Engineering is devoted to the use of quantum mechanics in applied physics and engineering. Topics covered include elementary quantum theory, quantum statistics and many-particle systems, and energy bands in crystals. Approximation techniques for the Schrödinger equation are also described. Comprised of seven chapters, this book opens with an overview of basic quantum mechanics and includes a discussion on wave-particle duality, probability current density, and periodic boundary conditions. Quantum statistics is then considered as a prelude to the free-electron theory of metals, along with the use of perturbation theory to evaluate modifications in free-electron theory. The following chapters explore the use of WKB approximation to deduce the transmission coefficient for electron tunneling in solids; the theory of electronic energy bands; and the application of the Schrödinger equation to the problem of the periodic potential of a crystalline solid. Examples from solid-state physics are employed to illustrate specific applications and to demonstrate the principal results that can be deduced by means of quantum theory. This monograph is written primarily for engineers and applied physicists.

  • Ion Beam Modification of Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • J.S. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    This conference consisted of 15 oral sessions, including three plenary papers covering areas of general interest, 22 specialist invited papers and 51 contributed presentations as well as three poster sessions. There were several scientific highlights covering a diverse spectrum of materials and ion beam processing methods. These included a wide range of conventional and novel applications such as: optical displays and opto-electronics, motor vehicle and tooling parts, coatings tailored for desired properties, studies of fundamental defect properties, the production of novel (often buried) compounds, and treating biomedical materials. The study of nanocrystals produced by ion implantation in a range of host matrices, particularly for opto-electronics applications, was one especially new and exciting development. Despite several decades of study, major progress was reported at the conference in understanding defect evolution in semiconductors and the role of defects in transient impurity diffusion. The use of implantation to tune or isolate optical devices and in forming optically active centres and waveguides in semiconductors, polymers and oxide ceramics was a major focus of several presentations at the conference. The formation of hard coatings by ion assisted deposition or direct implantation was also an area which showed much recent progress. Ion beam techniques had also developed apace, particularly those based on plasma immersion ion implantation or alternative techniques for large area surface treatment. Finally, the use of ion beams for the direct treatment of cancerous tissue was a particularly novel and interesting application of ion beams.

  • Accelerator Health Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Wade Patterson
    • English
    Accelerator Health Physics tackles the importance of health physics in the field of nuclear physics, especially to those involved with the use of particle accelerators. The book first explores concepts in nuclear physics, such as fundamental particles, radiation fields, and the responses of the human body to radiation exposure. The book then shifts to its intended purpose and discusses the uses of particle accelerators and the radiation they emit; the measurement of the radiation fields - radiation detectors, the history, design, and application of accelerator shielding; and measures in the implementation of a health physics program. The text is recommended for health physicists who want to learn more about particle accelerators, their effects, and how these effects can be prevented. The book is also beneficial to physicists whose work involves particle accelerators, as the book aims to educate them about the hazards they face in the workplace.

  • Optical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • Hartmut Haug
    • English
    Optical Nonlinearities and Instabilities in Semiconductors deals with various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena and related optical instabilities in semiconductors. Measurements and explanations of the optical nonlinearities of various semiconductor materials and structures are presented, along with optical bistability and diode laser thresholds; self-oscillations; and chaos. This text consists of 17 chapters and begins with an introductory chapter to the historical background of investigations of the resonance-enhanced nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors and their manifestations in optical instabilities. The discussion then turns to the experimentally observed optical nonlinearities in homogeneous semiconductors and the microscopic theory of the optical band edge nonlinearities. This book considers the studies of the spectral region close to the band gap meant to exploit the resonance enhancement of the nonlinear optical behavior. The remaining chapters focus on nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells; dense nonequilibrium excitations in gallium arsenide; optical decay and spatial relaxation; and optical bistability in semiconductor laser amplifiers. A chapter that describes instabilities in semiconductor lasers concludes the book. This book is intended for research students and active research workers who are interested in the basic physics or in the device applications of optical nonlinearities and instabilities in semiconductors.

  • Finite-Size Scaling

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • J. Cardy
    • English
    Over the past few years, finite-size scaling has become an increasingly important tool in studies of critical systems. This is partly due to an increased understanding of finite-size effects by analytical means, and partly due to our ability to treat larger systems with large computers. The aim of this volume was to collect those papers which have been important for this progress and which illustrate novel applications of the method. The emphasis has been placed on relatively recent developments, including the use of the &egr;-expansion and of conformal methods.

  • Elementary Particles

    Science, Technology, and Society
    • 1st Edition
    • Luke Yuan
    • English
    Elementary Particles: Science, Technology, and Society is a comprehensive review of some important developments in science and technology in relation to the study of particle physics. The book covers topics such as particle physics - its theory and experimentation, apparatuses, arguments, and speculations; elementary particle interactions in astrophysics; and the interaction of particle research with chemistry. Topics also include the application of accelerated particles in biological research; possible uses of ionizing radiations in radiotherapy; and interactions between elementary particle research and engineering. The text is recommended for particle physicists who would like to know more about the applications of their expertise in the fields of astrophysics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering.

  • Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc Levenson
    • English
    Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy focuses on the principles of nonlinear laser spectroscopy. This book discusses the experimental techniques of nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the stimulated Raman effect and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, which can be used in a varied way to generate radiation in the ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet areas. This text then explains the simplest quantum-mechanical system consisting of an isolated entity with energy eigenstates

  • Multiple Light Scattering

    Tables, Formulas, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • H Van de Hulst
    • English
    Multiple Light Scattering: Tables, Formulas, and Applications, Volume 1 serves to give concise and handy information related to multiple scattering theory in such a way that the reader would not have to rely on extensive literature on the subject. The book is divided into two parts. Part I: General Theory covers the basic concepts, terms, and notations related to multiple scattering theory; exponential integrals and related functions; reciprocity and detailed balance; different related methods; and homogenous atmospheres with arbitrary phase function and single-scattering albedo. Part II: Isotropic Scattering discusses related concepts such as solutions using the Milne operator; semi-infinite atmospheres; the H-functions; and finite slabs. The text is recommended for practitioners in optics, atmospheric physics, astronomy, and other fields that need a reference book in the subject of multiple light scattering.

  • Deconvolution of Absorption Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • William Blass
    • English
    Deconvolution of Absorption Spectra describes the concept and application of signal recovery using deconvolution of absorption spectra, particularly from signal and frequency space. This book contains 13 chapters and begins with an overview of the concept and application of physical measurement systems. The succeeding chapters deal with the deconvolution in signal space, solutions for fundamentally linear methods, the application of the Jansson algorithm, and tests for the validity and reliability of deconvolution results of high-quality infrared absorption spectra. These topics are followed by discussions of the influence of noise problems, the complete case history of a deconvulated data run, and the validity of deconvolved line intensities. The last chapters summarize the performance, advantages, and limitations of deconvolution technique. This book will prove useful to physical scientists, geophysicists, electrical engineers, and statisticians.

  • An Introduction to Microcirculation

    • 1st Edition
    • M.P. Wiedeman
    • English
    An Introduction to Microcirculation is written in response to the need for a book containing the most basic information about microcirculation. The book aims to consolidate information gained from the numerous vascular beds that have been used for in vivo microscopic observations, to note the similarities and differences in architecture and function, to reveal the origin of certain terms and concepts, and to discuss hemodynamics of the micro vessels. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers a historical introduction to the study; general anatomical comparisons; the microvasculature of specific organs and tissues; and methods of preparation of tissues for microscopic observation. Part 2 discusses factors that are involved in this process and the exchange in the microcirculation. Part 3 explores the hemodynamics in the microcirculation and quantitative techniques for measurement of velocity and blood pressure. The text is for medical students, graduate students, clinicians, and young investigators who wish to have a greater knowledge on microcirculation and the concepts behind it.

  • Doppler Radar and Weather Observations

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard J. Doviak
    • English
    Doppler Radar and Weather Observations deals with the use of Doppler radar to make observations of a variety of weather phenomena such as tornado vortices, hurricanes, and lightning channels. Topics covered include electromagnetic waves and propagation; weather echo signals; Doppler spectra of weather echoes; and meteorological radar signal processing. Rain and turbulence measurements are also considered, along with observations of winds, storms, and related phenomena. Comprised of 11 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to weather radar principles and how the radar parameters and signal characteristics relate to the target's meteorological properties. The effect of the atmosphere on the path of the signal is then examined, together with techniques used in extracting a target's properties from its echoes. The radar signal path from the transmitter, through the antenna, along the beam to the target, and on its return to the receiver is also discussed. Subsequent chapters explore the discrete Fourier transform and its application to weather echo signals; the weather Doppler spectrum and the signal processing methods used to derive its principal moments; range and Doppler velocity ambiguities as they pertain to distributed targets; and the limitations imposed by antenna sidelobes, ground clutter, signal decorrelation, and power. A comprehensive treatment of pulse compression and the Doppler processing of frequency modulated signals is given. This monograph should be of value to oceanographers, meteorologists, atmospheric scientists, and radar engineers, as well as students and researchers interested in Doppler radar principles.

  • Nonlinear Phenomena in Fluids, Solids and other Complex Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Cordero + 1 more
    • English
    This book contains short courses in current topics in nonlinear physics given by distinguished professionals in their fields. These include: nonlinear fluid dynamics, transition to turbulence, quantum hall effect, cellular automata and neural networks, phase transitions. These courses are up to date and are aimed at a wide audience, in particular to graduate students and researchers in the field of nonlinear physics.

  • Collective Properties of Physical Systems

    Medicine and Natural Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • Bengt Lundqvist
    • English
    Medicine and Natural Sciences: Collective Properties of Physical Systems is a collection of papers presented at the 24th Nobel Symposium on Collective Properties of Physical Systems, held in Aspenäsgärden, Lerum, Sweden on June 12-16, 1973. This book is organized into eight parts encompassing 35 chapters, and begins with overview of the fundamentals of renormalization group approach, phase transitions, and critical phenomena. These topics are followed by discussions on the solutions of the Kondo problem, the specific features of superfluid 3He, and the models to investigate the effects of limited dimensionality in solid systems. The subsequent parts cover the various aspects and principles of surface physics and high-energy excitations in solids. These parts also examine selective theories that provide significant insights in understanding the superstructure, ordering, and crystallography of physical systems. The last parts describe the electronic correlation functions and other properties of liquid crystals and liquids. Physicists, scientists, and research workers in the fields of medicine and natural sciences will find this book of great value.

  • Three-Dimensional Problems of Elasticity and Thermoelasticity

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 25
    • V.D. Kupradze
    • English
    North-Holland Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Volume 25: Three-Dimensional Problems of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity and Thermoelasticity focuses on the theory of three-dimensional problems, including oscillation theory, boundary value problems, and integral equations. The publication first tackles basic concepts and axiomatization and basic singular solutions. Discussions focus on fundamental solutions of thermoelasticity, fundamental solutions of the couple-stress theory, strain energy and Hooke’s law in the couple-stress theory, and basic equations in terms of stress components. The manuscript then examines uniqueness theorems and singular integrals and integral equations. The book ponders on the potential theory and boundary value problems of elastic equilibrium and steady elastic oscillations. Topics include basic theorems of the oscillation theory, existence of solutions of boundary value problems, integral equations of the boundary value problems, and boundary properties of potential-type integrals. The publication also reviews mixed dynamic problems, couple-stress elasticity, and boundary value problems for media bounded by several surfaces. The text is a dependable source of data for mathematicians and readers interested in three-dimensional problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity and thermoelasticity.

  • Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • B.L. Altshuler + 2 more
    • English
    The physics of disordered systems has enjoyed a resurgence of interest in the last decade. New concepts such as weak localization, interaction effects and Coulomb gap, have been developed for the transport properties of metals and insulators. With the fabrication of smaller and smaller samples and the routine availability of low temperatures, new physics has emerged from the studies of small devices. The new field goes under the name "mesoscopic physics" and has rapidly developed, both experimentally and theoretically. This book is designed to review the current status of the field.Most of the chapters in the book are devoted to the development of new ideas in the field. They include reviews of experimental observations of conductance fluctuations and the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in disordered metals, theoretical and experimental work on low frequency noise in small disordered systems, transmittancy fluctuations through random barriers, and theoretical work on the distribution of fluctuation quantities such as conductance. Two chapters are not connected directly to the mesoscopic fluctuations but deal with small systems. They cover the effects of Coulomb interaction in the tunneling through the small junctions, and experimental results on ballistic transport through a perfect conductor.

  • Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning - Vol 5

    Contaminant Removal and Monitoring
    • 1st Edition
    • Rajiv Kohli + 1 more
    • English
    In this series, Rajiv Kohli and Kash Mittal have brought together the work of experts from different industry sectors and backgrounds to provide a state-of-the-art survey and best-practice guidance for scientists and engineers engaged in surface cleaning or dealing with the consequences of surface contamination. This volume complements Volumes 3 and 4 of this series, which focused largely on particulate contaminants. The expert contributions in this volume cover methods for removal of non-particulate contaminants, such as metallic and non-metallic thin films, hydrocarbons, toxic and hazardous chemicals, and microbiological substances, as well as contamination monitoring in pharmaceutical manufacturing, and an innovative method for characterization at the nanoscale.

  • Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding

    • 2nd Edition
    • Raymond F. Wegman + 1 more
    • English
    Surface Preparation Techniques for Adhesive Bonding is an essential guide for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, plastics engineers, scientists and researchers in manufacturing environments making use of adhesives technology. Wegman and van Twisk provide practical coverage of a topic that receives only cursory treatment in more general books on adhesives, making this book essential reading for adhesion specialists, plastics engineers, and a wide range of engineers and scientists working in sectors where adhesion is an important technology, e.g. automotive / aerospace, medical devices, electronics. Wegman and van Twisk provide a wealth of practical information on the processing of substrate surfaces prior to adhesive bonding. The processing of aluminum and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, steels, copper and its alloys, and magnesium are treated in the form of detailed specifications with comparative data. Other metals not requiring extensive treatment are also covered in detail, as are metal matrix and organic matrix composites, thermosets and thermoplastics. This new edition has been updated with coverage of the latest developments in the field including the sol-gel process for aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel, atmospheric plasma treatment for metals, plastics and rubbers and treatments for bronze and nickel alloys.

  • Advances in Photovoltaics: Part 1

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 87
    • English
    Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer" Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry.

  • How the Great Scientists Reasoned

    The Scientific Method in Action
    • 1st Edition
    • Gary G. Tibbetts
    • English
    The scientific method is one of the most basic and essential concepts across the sciences, ensuring that investigations are carried out with precision and thoroughness. The scientific method is typically taught as a step-by-step approach, but real examples from history are not always given. This book teaches the basic modes of scientific thought, not by philosophical generalizations, but by illustrating in detail how great scientists from across the sciences solved problems using scientific reason. Examples include Christopher Columbus, Joseph Priestly, Antoine Lavoisier, Michael Faraday, Wilhelm Röntgen, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr. Written by a successful research physicist who has engaged in many studies and years of research, all in the attempt to extract the secrets of nature, this book captures the excitement and joy of research. The process of scientific discovery is as delightfully absorbing, as complex, and as profoundly human as falling in love. It can be a roller coaster ride of despairing valleys and exhilarating highs. This book sketches the powerful reasoning that led to many different discoveries, but also celebrates the "ah-ha moments" experienced by each scientist, letting readers share the thrilling instant when each scientist reached the critical revelation in his research.

  • Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers

    • 1st Edition
    • Tim Mellow
    • English
    Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers is a thoroughly updated version of Leo Beranek's classic 1954 book that retains and expands on the original's detailed acoustical fundamentals while adding practical formulas and simulation methods. Serving both as a text for students in engineering departments and as a reference for practicing engineers, this book focuses on electroacoustics, analyzing the behavior of transducers with the aid of electro-mechano-acou... circuits. Assuming knowledge of electrical circuit theory, it starts by guiding readers through the basics of sound fields, the laws governing sound generation, radiation, and propagation, and general terminology. It then moves on to examine: Microphones (electrostatic and electromagnetic), electrodynamic loudspeakers, earphones, and horns Loudspeaker enclosures, baffles, and waveguides Miniature applications (e.g., MEMS in I-Pods and cellphones) Sound in enclosures of all sizes, such as school rooms, offices, auditoriums, and living rooms Numerical examples and summary charts are given throughout the text to make the material easily applicable to practical design. It is a valuable resource for experimenters, acoustical consultants, and to those who anticipate being engineering designers of audio equipment.

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