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Atomic Radiation and Polymers
International Series of Monographs on Radiation Effects in Materials
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1960
- Author: A. Charlesby
- Editor: A. Charlesby
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 1 3 5 0 9 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 8 1 3 0 - 1
Atomic Radiation and Polymers examines the effects of radiation on polymer materials. The title deals with chemical changes that took place when polymers are exposed to radiat… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAtomic Radiation and Polymers examines the effects of radiation on polymer materials. The title deals with chemical changes that took place when polymers are exposed to radiation, and how these changes affect the physical properties of the polymers. The text first covers the interaction of radiation and matter, along with radiation sources and dosimetry. Next, the selection deals with the general properties of long chain polymers. The text also details the organic molecules and irradiated polymers. Chapters 22 to 24 tackle the radiation-induced changes in nuclear chain reaction, while Chapter 25 discusses the irradiation of polymers in solution where both direct and indirect effects occur. The next series of chapters details the theoretical aspects of reactions between the initial acts of ionization or excitation. The last two chapters cover the conductivity change at low radiation intensities, along with the data on radiation damage at very high intensities. The book will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners from the field of nuclear science and polymer technology.
1. Introduction
Nuclear and Electronic Sources
Fundamental Reactions
Metals
Covalent and Ionic Structures
Molecular Structures
Fields of Application
2. Radiation Units
Energy per Particle
Radiation Yield - G Values
Intensity of Radioactive Sources - the Curie
Unit of Radiation Flux - the Roentgen and Rep
Energy Deposited - the Rad
3. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
Electrons
X-Rays and γ-Rays
Protons and α-Particles
Fast Neutrons
Slow Neutrons
Ultraviolet Light
Distribution of Ionization
4. Nuclear Sources of Radiation
Nuclear Reactors
Cooling Circuits
Short-Lived Gaseous Fission Products
Fuel Rods
Radioactive Waste
Separated Fission Products
Radioactive Cobalt and Tantalum
5. Electrical Sources of Radiation
Voltage Multiplier Circuits
Electrostatic Generators
Resonant Transformer
Linear Electron Accelerators
Very High Voltage Particle Accelerators
X-Ray Equipment
6. Dosimetry
Absolute Measurements
Ferrous Sulphate as a Secondary Standard
Other Chemical Dosimeters
Colorimetric Methods
Changes in Plastics
Photographic Methods
Dosimetry in Reactors
7. Long Chain Polymers
Polymerization
Structural Variations in Homopolymers
Crystallinity
Structural Variation in Copolymers
8. Molecular Weight Distribution
Definition of Molecular Weight Distribution
9. Properties of a Crosslinked Network
Increase in Average Molecular Weight due to Crosslinking
Changes below the Gel Point (8 < 1)
Dose for Incipient Gelation
Soluble Fraction
Effect of Crosslinking on Elastic Properties
Tensile Strength
Swelling of Crosslinked Polymers
10. Theory of Polymer Degradation
Reduction in Number Average Molecular Weight
Initially Random Distribution
General Relation
Changes in Intrinsic Viscosity
11. Alternative Methods of Network
Formation
Condensation Reactions
Simultaneous Crosslinking and Degradation
Endlinking
Network Formation as a Chain Reaction
12. Radiation-Induced Changes In Organic
Molecules
Paraffins
13. Polyethylene
Effect of Crosslinking
Crystallinity Changes
Chemical Changes
Mechanical and Electrical Properties
14. Rubber
Early Work
Crosslinking of Unvulcanized Rubber
Irradiation of Cured Rubbers
Physical Properties of Radiation-cured Rubber
Synthetic Rubbers
15. Polystyrene
16. Silicones
17. Other Crosslinking Polymers
Polyvinyl Chloride
Polyacrylates
Polyacrylonitrile
Nylon
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Polypropylene
18. Polyisobutylene
Effects of Radiation
19. Polymethyl Methacrylate
20. Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)
Polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene
21. Cellulose
Dextran
Mechanical Properties
22. Polymerization
Radiation as an Initiator of Polymerization
Factors affecting Polymerization Rate
Kinetics of Radiation Polymerization
Polymerization in a Solvent
Polymerization in the Solid State
Emulsion Polymerization
Polymer Yield
Ionic Polymerization
23. Graft and Block Copolymers
Grafting from Monomer and from Solution
Effect of Radiation Intensity
Grafting and Crystallinity
Comparison of Polymerization and Grafting
24. Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Resins
Network Formation by a Chain Reaction
Comparison of Radiation and Thermal Cure
Transition Temperature
Kinetics of Network Formation in Polyesters
Reactions of Unsaturated Polyesters
Advantages of Radiation Cure
25. Irradiation of Polymers in Solution
Degradation in Dilute Aqueous Solutions
Effect of Polymer Concentration in Aqueous Solvents
Degradation in Organic Solvents
Mechanism of Polymer Reactions in Aqueous Solution
26. Reactions of Irradiated Molecules
Behaviour of the Excited Molecule
Behaviour of the Ionized Molecule
Fate of the Free Electron
Energy Transfer
Reaction of Ions and Molecules
27. Radical and Ion Yield
Measurement of Radical Yield
Effect of Concentration and Intensity
Experimental G Values for Radical Production
Comparison with Photochemistry
Distribution of Radicals
Measurement of Ionic Yield
28. Mechanism of Crosslinking and Degradation
Theories of Reaction Mechanisms in Polymers
Discussion
29. Radiation Protection
Internal Radiation Protection
External Protection
Radiation Protection against Degradation
Protection against Crosslinking
Protection in Solutions
Protection in Curing of Unsaturated Polyesters
Mechanisms of Radiation Protection
30. Changes in Electrical Conductivity
31. Use of Polymers in Nuclear Reactors
- No. of pages: 570
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 1960
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Paperback ISBN: 9780080135090
- eBook ISBN: 9781483181301