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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs

    • 1st Edition
    • John Colonias
    • English
    Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs describes some of the most important computer programs applicable to the design of particle accelerators. Computer programs that calculate magnetic and electric fields are considered, along with programs that calculate orbits of particles in a magnetic and/or electric field. Some representative programs useful in the design of linear accelerator-type cavities are also discussed. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a review of two-dimensional magnetostatic programs, including TRIM, LINDA, NUTCRACKER, MAREC, GRACY, and COILS. The University of Colorado's magnet program is also examined. The next chapter is devoted to programs capable of solving problems relating to the calculation of electrostatic fields in two-dimensional geometries. The reader is also introduced to programs that perform calculations of three-dimensional linear and nonlinear problems, along with programs that employ matrix formalism and integration of equations of motion. The final chapter looks at programs for linear accelerator-type cavities, including CURE, JESSY, MESSYMESH, and AZTEC. This monograph will be a useful resource for physical scientists, engineers, and computer programmers.

  • Measurement Evaluation

    • 1st Edition
    • A. Boros
    • English
    The information obtained about a measured object is called ``crude'' measurement information and must be related to the conditions under which the measurement took place. Using ``crude'' measurement information as a starting point, evaluation produces physically correctly interpreted data with their estimated (or corrected) error. Although a number of works deal with the evaluation of measurements, they either appeared a long time ago or serve essentially different aims. This book gives a comprehensive and current overview on the basic principles, aids, devices, and methods in the evaluation of measurements performed in all fields of technology and science in order to gain information about physical or technical objects. It also provides an introduction to the more recent problem areas such as frequency analysis, stochastic measurement information, real time treatment of measurement information, etc.The book will prove useful in solving the problem areas encountered by those involved in measurement technology and measurement evaluation. It will also serve as an introduction to those not possessing any specialized and advanced technical training in the subject matter.

  • Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • C. Lu + 1 more
    • English
    Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances deals with the theory, design, artifacts, and varied applications of the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance. Applications of microbalances range from thin film deposition process control to simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature, analytical chemistry, and space system contamination studies. Stress effects in microbalances are also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background and overview of applications of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalances, followed by an analysis of the theory and practice of microbalances. The role of acoustic impedance in a quartz crystal microbalance and design considerations for a microbalance are given emphasis. Subsequent chapters focus on applications of microbalances in thin film deposition process control; simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature; surface science and analytical chemistry; plasma-assisted etching and space system contamination studies; and aerosol mass measurement. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and materials science.

  • High Tc Superconductor Thin Films

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Correra
    • English
    Interdisciplinary research on superconducting oxides is the main focus of the contributions in this volume. Several aspects of the thin film field from fundamental properties to applications are examined. Interesting results for the Bi system are also reviewed. The 132 papers, including 8 invited, report mainly on the 1-2-3 system, indicating that the Y-Ba-Cu-O and related compounds are still the most intensively studied materials in this field. The volume attests to the significant progress that has been made in this field, as well as reporting on the challenging problems that still remain to be solved.

  • A Vector Approach To Oscillations

    • 1st Edition
    • Henry G. Booker
    • English
    A Vector Approach to Oscillations focuses on the processes in handling oscillations. Divided into four chapters, the book opens with discussions on the technique of handling oscillations. Included in the discussions are the addition and subtraction of oscillations using vectors; the square root of two vectors; the role of vector algebra in oscillation analysis; and the quotient of two vectors in Cartesian components. Discussions on vector algebra come next. Given importance are the algebraic and polynomial functions of a vector; the connection of vector algebra and scalar algebra; and the factorization of the polynomial functions of a vector. The book also presents graphical representations of vector functions of a vector. Included are numerical analyses and representations. The last part of the book deals with exponential function of a vector. Numerical representations and analyses are also provided to validate the claims of the authors. Given the importance of data provided, this book is a valuable reference for readers who want to study oscillations.

  • Advances in Magnetic Resonance

    • 1st Edition
    • John Waugh
    • English
    Advances in Magnetic Resonance focuses on the interdisciplinary field of magnetic resonance. Comprised of four chapters, this book discusses collective atomic motions in crystals as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elaborates Mori's formalism as applied to the spin relaxation theory. It also discusses chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, magnetic shielding, and magnetic susceptibility. Students and physicists looking for a comprehensive source on magnetic resonance will find this book invaluable.

  • Macromolecular Physics V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Bernhard Wunderlich
    • English
    Macromolecular Physics, Volume 1: Crystal Structure, Morphology, Defects provides a unified treatment of crystals of linear macromolecules. This book is organized into four chapters: structure of macromolecules, microscopic structure of crystals, crystal morphology, and defect crystal. This publication specifically discusses the macromolecular hypothesis, molecular conformation, and synthesis of macromolecules. The discovery and proof of the lattice theory, structures of minimum free energy, and crystal structures of macromolecules are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the macromolecular crystals, macroscopic recognition of defects, and deformation of polymer crystals. This volume is a good reference for physicists, scientists, and specialists concerned with research on crystals of linear macromolecules.

  • Wide-band-gap Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • C.G. Van de Walle
    • English
    Wide-band-gap semiconductors have been a research topic for many decades. However, it is only in recent years that the promise for technological applications came to be realized; simultaneously an upsurge of experimental and theoretical activity in the field has been witnessed. Semiconductors with wide band gaps exhibit unique electronic and optical properties. Their low intrinsic carrier concentrations and high breakdown voltage allow high-temperature and high-power applications (diamond, SiC etc.). The short wavelength of band-to-band transitions allows emission in the green, blue, or even UV region of the spectrum (ZnSe, GaN, etc.). In addition, many of these materials have favorable mechanical and thermal characteristics.Thes... proceedings reflect the exciting progress made in this field. Successful p-type doping of ZnSe has recently led to the fabrication of blue-green injection lasers in ZnSe; applications of short-wavelength light-emitting devices range from color displays to optical storage. In SiC, advances in growth techniques for bulk as well as epitaxial material have made the commercial production of high-temperature and high-frequency devices possible. For GaN, refinement of growth procedures and new ways of obtaining doped material have resulted in blue-light-emitting diodes and opened the road to the development of laser diodes. Finally, while the quality of artificial diamond is not yet high enough for electronic applications, the promise it holds in terms of unique material properties is encouraging intense activity in the field.This volume contains contributions from recognized experts presently working on different material systems in the field. The papers cover the theoretical, experimental and application-oriented aspects of this exciting topic.

  • Electron-Molecule Interactions and Their Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • L Christophorou
    • English
    Electron-Molecule Interactions and Their Applications, Volume 1 presents a comprehensive account of electron-molecule interactions in high- and ultra-high-pressure gases and liquids. Topics covered include elastic scattering of electrons by molecules; excitation, ionization, and dissociation of molecules by electron impact; electron-molecule resonances; and electron attachment and detachment processes. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a discussion on non-resonant elastic scattering and rotational excitation of molecules by electrons, followed by a review of non-resonant vibrational and electronic excitation. The reader is then introduced to resonance effects in electron scattering; electron-induced ionization and dissociation of molecules; and electron-molecule resonances. The ionization mechanisms and types of ions produced are highlighted, along with differential ionization cross sections. The final two chapters focus on electron attachment and detachment processes, paying particular attention to modes of electron capture by molecules such as via negative-ion resonant states. The collisional dynamics for a few selected atomic reactants are also described. Physicists will find this book extremely helpful.

  • Multiphoton lonization of Atoms

    • 1st Edition
    • S.L. Chin
    • English
    Multiphoton lonization of Atoms provides a pedagogical review of the whole subfield of multiphoton ionization of atoms. This book discusses the “normal” multiphoton ionization of atoms; calculation of resonant multiphoton processes; and angular distribution of photoelectrons and light polarization effects in multiphoton ionization of atoms. The multiphoton ionization involving continuum-continuum transitions; creation of doubly charged strontium ions; and many-electron processes in nonlinear ionization of atoms are also elaborated. Other topics include the non-resonant multiphoton ionization of atoms; above-threshold ionization theory; autoionizing states in multiphoton transitions; and specific features of the spectra of alkaline-earth atoms. This publication is beneficial to physics students and researchers conducting work on the multiple ionization of atoms.

  • Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • J Kestin
    • English
    Lectures on Theoretical Physics, Volume V: Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics discusses the significant developments and problems in the study of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. This volume contains five chapters. The first two chapters provide an overview of the various aspects and applications of thermodynamics. Chapter III contains a preliminary introduction to statistical mechanics, with an emphasis on the Brownian motion, which is the most important example of statistical fluctuations. Chapter IV describes the Boltzmann’s original form of combinatorial method, in which the molecules of a gas are endowed with a physically real existence. This chapter also considers the various numerical combinations that govern the way in which the mutually indistinguishable particles are distributed over the states constituting the substance of the statistics. Chapter V explores the behavior of molecules in perfect gases following the course of historical development. This chapter covers an exact formulation of the kinetic theory of gases. Physics teachers and students will find this book invaluable.

  • Principles of Medical Imaging

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Kirk Shung + 2 more
    • English
    Since the early 1960's, the field of medical imaging has experienced explosive growth due to the development of three new imaging modalities-radionucl... imaging, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Along with X-ray, they are among the most important clinical diagnostic tools in medicine today. Additionally, the digital revolution has played a major role in this growth, with advances in computer and digital technology and in electronics making fast data acquisition and mass data storage possible. This text provides an introduction to the physics and instrumentation of the four most often used medical imaging techniques. Each chapter includes a discussion of recent technological developments and the biological effects of the imaging modality. End-of-chapter problem sets, lists of relevant references, and suggested further reading are presented for each technique.

  • Physics of High Temperature Plasmas

    • 2nd Edition
    • George Schmidt
    • English
    Physics of High Temperature Plasmas, Second Edition focuses on plasma physics and the advances in this field. This book explores the experimental observations on linear waves and instabilities. Comprised of 11 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of heat transition as a result of the heating of a solid or liquid substance. This book then examines the behavior of plasmas, which has great significance for the understanding of our universe. This text also investigates the possible application of plasmas, such as the application of hot plasma as thermonuclear fuel. Other chapters discuss the laws of plasma physics, with emphasis on those phenomena that are relevant to the operation of thermonuclear machines. This text discusses as well the electromagnetic forces on an earthly scale, the quantum effects, particle collisions, and Maxwell’s equation. The final chapter of the book deals with the motion of charged particles. This book is intended for researchers engaged in plasma research and graduate students taking a course in plasma physics.

  • Gradient Index Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Erich Merchand
    • English
    Gradient Index Optics deals with the application of gradients in optical systems of classical types: gradient index lenses. The emphasis is on the theory and practice related to gradient index lenses. Only isotropic media are considered since they are the ones for which the refractive index at each point is independent of direction. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a historical background on the use of gradients in astronomy and developments in gradient index lenses, along with the underlying basic theory. The discussion then turns to spherical gradients, paying particular attention to rays, Maxwell's fisheye lens, the Luneburg lens, and astronomical refraction. Subsequent chapters focus on the ray trace in a spherical gradient; axial gradients and their use as an anti-reflection coating; radial gradients and ray tracing in a radial gradient; and fundamentals of aberration theory. The wood lens and ray trace in a general medium are also considered, together with methods for fabrication of gradient elements and measurement of index gradients using an approximate method and interferometric methods. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

  • Quantum Tunnelling in Condensed Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 34
    • Yu. Kagan + 1 more
    • English
    The essays in this book deal with of the problem of quantum tunnelling and related behavior of a microscopic or macroscopic system, which interacts strongly with an "environment" - this being some form of condensed matter. The "system" in question need not be physically distinct from its environment, but could, for example, be one particular degree of freedom on which attention is focussed, as in the case of the Josephson junction studied in several of the papers. This general problem has been studied in many hundreds, if not thousands, of articles in the literature, in contexts as diverse as biophysics and quantum cosmology. The editors have grouped together papers which are representative of the main trends in this area in the last fifteen years or so and sufficiently related in general spirit and terminology that common themes can be discerned. The contributions are primarily theoretical, but the comparison with experiment is discussed wherever possible.

  • Physical Acoustics V4A

    Principles and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren P. Mason
    • English
    Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume IV, Part A: Applications to Quantum and Solid State Physics provides an introduction for the various applications of quantum mechanics to acoustics by describing several processes for which such considerations are essential. This book explores the magnetic fields applied to metals in the normal state, which have the effect of localizing the interaction between the acoustic waves and the electrons to specific parts of the Fermi surface. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the transmission of sound waves in semiconducting crystals that are piezoelectric. This text then examines the reactions of nonpiezoelectric semiconductors with electrons through the deformation potential that changes the shape of the Fermi surface. Other chapters consider the amplification of acoustic waves in semiconductors by the application of an electric field. The final chapter examines how measurements can delineate the Fermi surface of monovalent metals. Physicists and engineers will find this book useful.

  • External Senses

    • 1st Edition
    • A.C. Damask
    • English
    External Senses, the second volume in the series Medical Physics, focuses on the electrophysiology and biophysics of the receptors as these are common in each species. This book also briefly discusses brain pathways but the topic on synapsing mechanism and brain electrophysiology are covered in the last volume. This volume focuses on the category of senses which respond to external stimuli - taste, smell, touch, hearing, and vision. The results of research presented in this volume, although limited in terms of medical applications because they are not precisely defined, pave the way towards medical treatment in the future. The topics of each chapter focus on broad areas such as: gustation, olfaction, cutaneous sensation, audition, vision, and psychophysics. This book is a helpful tool for all undergraduates, premedical students, and postgraduate students of various scientific disciplines.

  • Q Machines

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Motley
    • English
    Q Machines presents the significant aspects of the Q machine - a device in which highly ionized, magnetically confined plasma is created by contact ionization of atoms and thermionic emission of electrons. The book covers a broad range of topics regarding the physics and engineering of Q machines; the research limitations and possibilities afforded by different types of Q machines; the methods by which the basic plasma parameters can be measured; the effects of plasma in homogeneities on plasma stability; the numerous factors affecting plasma confinement; and the possibilities for research on plasma waves. Plasma physicists, Q-machine specialists, students, and scientists in other fields of interest will find the book highly useful.

  • Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding

    Principles And Interpretation
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • P Bhattacharya
    • English
    Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding: Principles and Interpretation provides a comprehensive review of the Schlumberger method of geoelectric sounding, as well as current methods of interpretation. It explores the theoretical foundations of geoelectric sounding, the relative advantages and limitations of the two symmetrical arrangements for vertical electrical sounding, the techniques of interpretation for Wenner sounding curves, and dipole sounding. This volume is based on educational materials used in the study of geoelectric sounding. It begins with an overview of the theory of current flow in a horizontally stratified Earth, followed by a discussion of how the resistivity of the ground is measured. The book explains the current flow in a homogeneous anisotropic and horizontally stratified Earth, the principle of equivalence, and vertical electrical sounding. Moreover, it presents the basic principles and procedures for the construction of theoretical master curves. Asymptotic values of Schlumberger curves, the principle of reduction of two layers and of a three-layer Earth, and Tagg's method of interpretation are also discussed. The book explains the interpretation by curve-matching, characteristics of dipole electric sounding, and geological applications of electrical resistivity sounding. Engineering problems and application examples with self-explanatory diagrams are provided at the end of the chapters. This book will benefit undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to broaden their understanding of exploration geophysics, as well as professional exploration geologists and geophysicists, civil engineers, agricultural scientists, and researchers.

  • Study Guide for Physics in the Modern World 2E

    • 1st Edition
    • Jerry Marion
    • English
    Study Guide for Physics in the Modern World 2E provides information pertinent to the fundamental concepts in physics. This book presents a list of concepts, definitions, and equations with various supplementary exercises for the readers. Comprised of 21 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the standard units of measure for length, time, mass, energy, force, pressure, and density. This text then provides the meaning of various terms in physics, including atom, molecule, element, and compound. Other chapters explore the composition and behavior of all ordinary matter in which it depends on the four basic units, including electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons. This book discusses as well the method used for converting the units of physical quantities from one system of measurement to another. The final chapter deals with the various applications of radiation in biological investigations as well as in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. This book is intended for students enrolled in introductory physics courses.

  • Photonic Probes of Surfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Halevi
    • English
    This volume is devoted principally to optical spectroscopies of material surfaces and also encompasses scattering techniques and theoretical response analysis as well as spectroscopies. In addition to solid surfaces some attention is also devoted to interfaces between two solids, between a solid and a liquid and to a liquid-vapor interface. These surfaces may be clean and perfect, in which case the purpose of the spectroscopical method at hand is to determine the deviation of the atomic structure in the surface region from that in the bulk, namely the surface reconstruction. Otherwise the surface may be imperfect due to roughness, strain or overlayers, in which case the spectroscopy can yield information on the nature of such imperfections, including the monitoring of growth processes. One of the foremost purposes of surface spectroscopies is to extract information on atomic and molecular adsorbates on solid surfaces. Most of the 10 chapters are concerned with photonic sources of excitation, the respective spectral regions ranging from the far infrared to X-rays.In conclusion this book provides a state-of-the-art review of all major types of photonic probes of surfaces and interfaces and deals with both applications and experiment and theory.

  • Radiometric Calibration: Theory and Methods

    • 1st Edition
    • Clair Wyatt
    • English
    Radiometric Calibration: Theory and Methods contains an engineering development of the theories and methods of radiometric calibration. This book is organized into 18 chapters. Chapters I to V present an introduction to nomenclature, radiation geometry, and blackbody radiation that serves to simplify the discussion of the calibration theory. The rest of the chapters provide the theory of sensor calibration, reviewing numerous examples in which laboratory equipment and specific techniques are described. Algorithms are also covered for digital computer processing as appropriate for each functional aspect of sensor characterization. This publication is intended for engineers and applied physicists concerned with sensor calibration and the interpretation of sensor data.

  • Spectral Analysis in Geophysics

    • 1st Edition
    • B.M. Båth
    • English

  • Introduction to Solid State Electronics

    • 2nd Edition
    • F.F.Y. Wang
    • English
    This textbook is specifically tailored for undergraduate engineering courses offered in the junior year, providing a thorough understanding of solid state electronics without relying on the prerequisites of quantum mechanics. In contrast to most solid state electronics texts currently available, with their generalized treatments of the same topics, this is the first text to focus exclusively and in meaningful detail on introductory material. The original text has already been in use for 10 years. In this new edition, additional problems have been added at the end of most chapters. These problems are meant not only to review the material covered in the chapter, but also to introduce some aspects not covered in the text.An amended Solutions Manual is in preparation.

  • Three-Dimensional Problems of Elasticity and Thermoelasticity

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 25
    • V.D. Kupradze
    • English
    North-Holland Series in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Volume 25: Three-Dimensional Problems of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity and Thermoelasticity focuses on the theory of three-dimensional problems, including oscillation theory, boundary value problems, and integral equations. The publication first tackles basic concepts and axiomatization and basic singular solutions. Discussions focus on fundamental solutions of thermoelasticity, fundamental solutions of the couple-stress theory, strain energy and Hooke’s law in the couple-stress theory, and basic equations in terms of stress components. The manuscript then examines uniqueness theorems and singular integrals and integral equations. The book ponders on the potential theory and boundary value problems of elastic equilibrium and steady elastic oscillations. Topics include basic theorems of the oscillation theory, existence of solutions of boundary value problems, integral equations of the boundary value problems, and boundary properties of potential-type integrals. The publication also reviews mixed dynamic problems, couple-stress elasticity, and boundary value problems for media bounded by several surfaces. The text is a dependable source of data for mathematicians and readers interested in three-dimensional problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity and thermoelasticity.

  • Neutron Cross Sections

    Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections Part B: Z=61-100
    • 1st Edition
    • Said F. Mughabghab
    • English
    In addition to the extensive list of detailed individual resonance parameters for each isotope, this book contains thermal cross sections and average resonance parameters, as well as a short survey of the physics of thermal and resonance neutrons with emphasis on evaluation methods.

  • Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication

    Proceedings of the International Symposium, College Station, Texas, March 13*b115, 1989.
    • 1st Edition
    • Mark A. Reed + 1 more
    • English
    Nanostructure Physics and Fabrication contains the contributions of an interdisciplinary group of specialists in nanometer scale fabrication, physics of mesoscopic systems, electronic transport, and materials science brought together to discuss the current status of nanometer scale electronic structures. These articles provide the most current assessment of this active and growing area of interest. The introductory chapter provides comments and background material for those somewhat unfamiliar with this new area of research and serves as a condensed overview and summary of the contributions that follow.

  • Optical Waveguides

    • 1st Edition
    • N Kapany
    • English
    Optical Waveguides describes waveguide phenomena in classical optical terms. This book discusses mode propagation by using equivalent plane waves, polarization, rays, and intensity distributions. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the history of optical waveguides with emphasis on the earliest studies of dielectric guides. This text then explores the theoretical treatment of guided waves in planar dielectric waveguides in terms of the characteristic modes of these structures. Other chapters consider the interferometric description of the coupling of a uniform beam of light into a thin film through the mechanism of frustrated total reflection. This book discusses as well the properties of the modes of fiber optical waveguides. The final chapter deals with the general properties of the characteristic TE wave (modes) of a symmetric slab guide by direct solution of the homogeneous Maxwell equations. Students of optics and physics, as well as electronic, optical, and communications engineers, will find this book useful.

  • Claude Bloch

    Scientific Works Oeuvre Scientifique
    • 1st Edition
    • R Balian
    • English
    Claude Bloch: Scientific Works Oeuvre Scientifique covers the collection of scientific works of Claude Bloch. The book includes topics on field theories with non-localized interaction and notes on the symmetry properties of nuclear wave functions. It also covers theory of nuclear level density; the theory of imperfect fermi gases; the structure of nuclear matter; and the canonical form of an antisymmetric tensor and its application to the theory of superconductivity.

  • Group Theoretical Methods in Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Shar
    • English
    Group Theoretical Methods in Physics: Proceedings of the Fifth International Colloquium provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of group theoretical methods in physics. This book provides a variety of topics, including nuclear collective motion, complex Riemannian geometry, quantum mechanics, and relativistic symmetry. Organized into six parts encompassing 64 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the theories of nuclear quadrupole dynamics. This text then examines the conventional approach in the determination of superstructures. Other chapters consider the Hamiltonian formalism and how it is applied to the KdV equation and to a slight variant of the KdV equation. This book discusses as well the significant differential equations of mathematical physics that are integrable Hamiltonian systems, including the equations governing self-induced transparency and the motion of particles under an inverse square potential. The final chapter deals with the decomposition of the tensor product of two irreducible representations of the symmetric group into a direct sum of irreducible representations. This book is a valuable resource for physicists.

  • The Nuclear Overhauser Effect

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Noggle
    • English
    The Nuclear Overhauser Effect aims to provide a unified treatment of both the theory and applications of the NOE that would be accessible to the chemist who is not a specialist in NMR, but who would nevertheless like to use the NOE to solve problems in his own area of interest. Assuming only that the reader has a typical chemist's working knowledge of NMR, an attempt is made to present the results in each section in a sufficiently simple form so that little mathematical sophistication will be required to apply them with understanding. This book comprises eight chapters, and begins with a focus on nuclear spin-lattice relaxation. The following chapters then discuss mechanisms of spin-lattice relaxation; the nuclear overhauser effect in rigid molecules; the effects of internal motions; experimental methods; transient methods; the effects of chemical exchange; and applications of the nuclear overhauser effect, with a review of available literature. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of chemistry and physics.

  • Vibrational Spectra of Benzene Derivatives

    • 1st Edition
    • G Varsanyi
    • English
    Vibrational Spectra of Benzene Derivatives specifically deals with the problems of the vibrational spectra of benzene and its derivatives. The book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 explains the concepts of the electronic and electronic-vibration spectra, vibrational spectra, and rotational spectra. Chapter 2 tackles the normal co-ordinate analysis of the benzene molecule; the force field of substituted benzene derivatives; and elementary problems of intensity analysis. Chapter 3 covers the normal vibrations of benzene and its derivatives, which include tangential vibrations; out-of-plane vibrations; and internal vibrations of substituent groups. The book also contains an appendix dedicated for the frequency region of different normal vibrations of benzene derivatives. The text is recommended for chemists who are intrigued with the problems related to the vibrational spectra of benzene derivatives and are in need of a reference book.

  • Introduction to Modern Physics

    • 2nd Edition
    • John Mcgervey
    • English
    Introduction to Modern Physics, Second Edition is a 16-chapter text that discusses the principles of modern physics. This book deals first with the basic topics of modern science including the atomic nature of matter and electricity; the theory of relativity; the old quantum theory; waves and particles; and the Schrödinger equation. The subsequent chapters cover other general topics of molecular spectra, superconductivity, and the biological effects of radiation, illustrating the fundamental quantum theory of angular momentum and the harmonic oscillator. The remaining chapters explore the properties of nucleus, nuclear transformation, and interactions of particles. This book is an invaluable source for undergraduate quantum mechanics students.

  • Heat and Concentration Waves

    Analysis and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • G Turner
    • English
    Heat and Concentration Waves: Analysis and Applications describes the behavior of a limited class of waves of temperature or concentration that travels in a continuous medium, which itself is moving. This book is organized into nine chapters that discuss wave equations as solutions to linear differential equations. After briefly dealing with the fundamentals of waves and pulsed, this book goes on discussing the effect of introducing either an impulse or a steady source into a stream of uniform velocity or the so-called one-dimensional flow. The following chapters present some simplest basic equations for parameter determination in a flowing medium. These chapters also describe the pulses at an ideal boundary and the behavior of sine waves at such boundary, including the concept of reflections and the ease with which sine waves overcome the problems of incorporating boundary conditions into an experimental determination. This text further examines the behavior of reservoir phases under time-varying temperature or concentration. A chapter focuses on high-precision experimental measurements of sine waves. The concluding chapter outlines the computational processes, with emphasis on the estimation of experimental errors because of their effect on the reliability of parameter determination. Topics covered in the supplementary texts include the transformation of variables; the evaluation of important integrals; the normal distribution curve; aspects of the Laplace transform; some forms of transport equation common to both heat and mass transfer processes; and the interference of waves. This book will be of value to physical chemists, chemical and petroleum reservoir engineers, process metallurgists, physiologists, hydrologists, and soil scientists.

  • International Trends in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph W. Goodman
    • English
    International Trends in Optics provides a broad view of work in the field of optics throughout the world. Topics range from quantum optoelectronics for optical processing to optics in telecommunications, along with microoptics, optical memories, and fiber-optic signal processing. Holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers are also considered. Comprised of 34 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to some of the practical applications of integrated optical circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and photonic integrated circuits. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum optoelectronics for optical processing; fiber-optic signal processing; holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers; potential uses of photorefractives; and adaptive interferometry that makes use of photorefractive crystals. Water wave optics and diffraction are also examined, together with the essential journals of optics and the opposition effect in volume and surface scattering. The final chapter is devoted to optical computing, with emphasis on its processing functions and architecture. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics and electronics.

  • Collective Properties of Physical Systems

    Medicine and Natural Sciences
    • 1st Edition
    • Bengt Lundqvist
    • English
    Medicine and Natural Sciences: Collective Properties of Physical Systems is a collection of papers presented at the 24th Nobel Symposium on Collective Properties of Physical Systems, held in Aspenäsgärden, Lerum, Sweden on June 12-16, 1973. This book is organized into eight parts encompassing 35 chapters, and begins with overview of the fundamentals of renormalization group approach, phase transitions, and critical phenomena. These topics are followed by discussions on the solutions of the Kondo problem, the specific features of superfluid 3He, and the models to investigate the effects of limited dimensionality in solid systems. The subsequent parts cover the various aspects and principles of surface physics and high-energy excitations in solids. These parts also examine selective theories that provide significant insights in understanding the superstructure, ordering, and crystallography of physical systems. The last parts describe the electronic correlation functions and other properties of liquid crystals and liquids. Physicists, scientists, and research workers in the fields of medicine and natural sciences will find this book of great value.

  • Spectroscopy of Condensed Media

    Dynamics of Molecular Interactions
    • 1st Edition
    • C.H. Wang
    • English
    Spectroscopy of Condensed Media: Dynamics of Molecular Interactions discusses the use of molecular spectroscopy (including nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and nonlinear optical spectroscopy) in dynamic processes in condensed molecular systems. The book reviews relationship between transition probability and the time-correlation function of an isotropic electric dipole system, linear-response theory, and light scattering resulting from the translational motion of molecules in fluids. The text describes molecular rotation, theories of angular momentum, nuclear magnetic resonance, and spontaneous and coherent Raman effects. Closely related with the Raman and Brillouin scattering are vibrational dephasing, relaxation processes, and dynamics of phase transition solids. The book highlights the advantages of using NMR and also explains the basic concepts, such as local field, spin temperature, and effective Hamiltonians, that are employed in interpreting NMR experiments. The investigator can use nonlinear optical spectroscopy to study condensed matter. The text also cites two methods in which the investigator can control the time-dependent average Hamiltonian by (1) manipulating the intensity, timing, phase of the pulses, or (2) by sample spinning. The book is intended for advanced graduate students in physical chemistry that will equally benefit both investigators and scientists involved in physics research.

  • Metals, Superconductors, Magnetic Materials, Liquids Disordered Solids, Optical Properties

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 4
    • English
    Dynamical Properties of Solids, Volume 4: Disordered Solids, Optical Properties focuses on the lattice dynamical properties of noncrystalline and disordered solids and optical properties of crystalline solids. The selection first elaborates on the vibrational properties of amorphous solids and computer experiments and disordered solids. Topics include thermal and electrical transport, density of states, numerical methods, localization, low frequency modes, and theoretical background. The text then takes a look at the morphic effects in lattice dynamics, including normal coordinate formalism, electric-field-induc... infrared absorption and Raman scattering, stress-induced changes in the phonon frequencies, and the effect of time reversal on the symmetry of the long-wavelength optical. The manuscript examines the absorption of infrared radiation by multiphonon processes in solids, as well as theoretical studies of infrared absorption in the multiphonon region and experimental studies of infrared absorption at frequencies above the characteristic lattice vibration frequencies. The selection is a dependable source of data for researchers interested in the optical properties of crystalline solids and lattice dynamical properties of noncrystalline and disordered solids.

  • Holography

    Expanded and Revised from the French Edition
    • 1st Edition
    • M Francon
    • English
    Holography reviews advances in the field of holography and its various applications in areas such as interferometry, microscopy, and acoustics. Topics range from acoustic holography to image multiplexing, formation of images in holography, and holography by computer. Some experiments based on Gabor's holography are also presented. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with an overview of the fundamentals of holography, with particular reference to spatial and temporal coherence, diffraction at finite and infinite distances, and filtering of spatial frequencies. The reader is then introduced to the principles and applications of holography, focusing on the geometric optics and aberrations of holograms as well as interferometry and microscopy. The following chapters explore how images are produced and reconstructed using a hologram and explain how to detect the differences between two images. Three main types of synthetic holograms are also considered: binary holograms, holograms with several intensity levels, and the holograms called kinoforms. The last chapter is devoted to optical filtering and pattern recognition. This monograph will be of value to physicists and researchers as well as to those interested in how holography works.

  • Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 10A
    • Erwin Kasper + 1 more
    • English
    This two-volume work covers recent developments in the single crystal growth, by molecular beam epitaxy, of materials compatible with silicon, their physical characterization, and device application. Papers are included on surface physics and related vacuum synthesis techniques such as solid phase epitaxy and ion beam epitaxy.A selection of contents: Volume I. SiGe Superlattices. SiGe strained layer superlattices (G. Abstreiter). Optical properties of strained GeSi superlattices grown on (001)Ge (T.P. Pearsall et al.). Growth and characterization of SiGe atomic layer superlattices (J.-M. Baribeau et al.). Optical properties of perfect and imperfect SiGe superlattices (K.B. Wong et al.). Confined phonons in stained short-period (001) Si/Ge superlattices (W. Bacsa et al.). Calculation of energies and Raman intensities of confined phonons in SiGe strained layer superlattices (J. White et al.). Rippled surface topography observed on silicon molecular beam epitaxial and vapour phase epitaxial layers (A.J. Pidduck et al.). The 698 meV optical band in MBE silicon (N. de Mello et al.). Silicon Growth Doping. Dopant incorporation kinetics and abrupt profiles during silicon molecular beam epitaxy (J.-E. Sundgren et al.). Influence of substrate orientation on surface segregation process in silicon-MBE (K. Nakagawa et al.). Growth and transport properties of SimSb1 (H. Jorke, H. Kibbel). Author Index. Volume. II. In-situ electron microscope studies of lattice mismatch relaxation in GexSi1-x/Si heterostructures (R. Hull et al.). Heterogeneous nucleation sources in molecular beam epitaxy-grown GexSi1-x/Si strained layer superlattices (D.D. Perovic et al.). Silicon Growth. Hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates for low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (P.J. Grunthaner et al.). Interaction of structure with kinetics in Si(001) homoepitaxy (S. Clarke et al.). Surface step structure of a lens-shaped Si(001) vicinal substrate (K. Sakamoto et al.). Photoluminescence characterization of molecular beam epitaxial silicon (E.C. Lightowlers et al.). Doping. Boron doping using compound source (T. Tatsumi). P-type delta doping in silicon MBE (N.L. Mattey et al.). Modulation-doped superlattices with delta layers in silicon (H.P. Zeindell et al.). Steep doping profiles obtained by low-energy implantation of arsenic in silicon MBE layers (N. Djebbar et al.). Alternative Growth Methods. Limited reaction processing: growth of Si/Si1-xGex for heterojunction bipolar transistor applications (J.L. Hoyt et al.). High gain SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (M.L. Green et al.). Epitaxial growth of single-crystalline Si1-xGex on Si(100) by ion beam sputter deposition (F. Meyer et al.). Phosphorus gas doping in gas source silicon-MBE (H. Hirayama, T. Tatsumi). Devices. Narrow band gap base heterojunction bipolar transistors using SiGe alloys (S.S. Iyer et al.). Silicon-based millimeter-wave integrated circuits (J-F. Luy). Performance and processing line integration of a silicon molecular beam epitaxy system (A.A. van Gorkum et al.). Silicides. Reflection high energy electron diffraction study of Cosi2/Si multilayer structures (Q. Ye at al.). Epitaxy of metal silicides (H. von Kanel et al.). Epitaxial growth of ErSi2 on (111)si (D. Loretto et al.). Other Material Systems. Oxygen-doped and nitrogen-doped silicon films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (M. Tabe et al.). Properties of diamond structure SnGe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (A. Harwit et al.). Si-MBE: Prospects and Challenges. Prospects and challenges for molecular beam epitaxy in silicon very-large-scale integration (W. Eccleston). Prospects and challenges for SiGe strained-layer epitaxy (T.P. Pearsall). Author Index.

  • Symmetry in Bonding and Spectra

    An Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • Bodie E. Douglas + 1 more
    • English
    Many courses dealing with the material in this text are called "Applications of Group Theory." Emphasizing the central role and primary importance of symmetry in the applications, Symmetry in Bonding and Spectra enables students to handle applications, particularly applications to chemical bonding and spectroscopy. It contains the essential background in vectors and matrices for the applications, along with concise reviews of simple molecular orbital theory, ligand field theory, and treatments of molecular shapes, as well as some quantum mechanics. Solved examples in the text illustrate theory and applications or introduce special points. Extensive problem sets cover the important methods and applications, with the answers in the appendix.

  • Inelastic Ion–Surface Collisions

    • 1st Edition
    • N Tolk
    • English
    Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions is a collection of papers presented at the 1976 International Workshop on Inelastic-Ion-Surfac... Collisions, held at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. This book contains 12 chapters and begins with the identification and study of the underlying physical mechanisms associated with ionization, neutralization, and excitation responsible for the observed sputtering and particle backscattering outershell inelastic collision phenomena. Other chapters discuss the role of the bulk, the surface, and the near surface interaction regions on the degree of ionization, neutralization, and excitation. The remaining chapters deal with the oscillations in the energy dependence of backscattered ions, wake riding states, and optical polarization effects from beam transmission through tilted foils and from beam particle bombardment of surfaces at grazing incidence. This book is of great value to atomic, solid state, nuclear, surface, chemical, and space physicists.

  • Atomic Physics 10

    • 1st Edition
    • H. Narumi + 1 more
    • English
    Atomic Physics 10 presents the manuscripts of the invited talks delivered at the ICAP-X. The conference continued the tradition of the earlier conferences by reviewing broad areas of fundamental atomic physics and related subjects. In addition to the invited talks two hundred and fifty four contributed papers were presented in two poster sessions. The conference was attended by three hundred and thirty participants from twenty countries and the topics covered include:- fundamental atomic physics including QED; - parity violation and quark physics; - exotic atoms; - electronic structure of atoms and the dynamics associated with advanced laser spectroscopy; - applied and interdisciplinary fields using synchrotron radiation spectroscopy; - atomic processes in hot plasmas and interstellar space; - the quantum Hall effect in solids.

  • Electrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward Ramberg
    • English
    Lectures on Theoretical Physics provides an overview of the fundamental principles of electrodynamics. It presents biographical notes on several scientists, including Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Heinrich Hertz, and André Marie Ampère. The book is comprised of four parts encompassing 38 chapters. Part One explains Maxwell’s equation as an axiomatic basis, in the coordinates and in differential form, but in integral form. Part Two discusses the various classes of phenomena in stationary, quasi-stationary, static, and rapidly variable fields. It also distinguishes between summation and boundary-value problems in electrostatics and magnetostatics. Part Three presents the four-dimensional form of electrodynamics as the basic introduction to the theory of relativity. It also considers the fundamental link between the dynamics of the individual electron and Maxwell’s theory. Finally, Part Four deals with the electrodynamics of moving media. This book is a valuable resource to scientists, researchers, and individuals working in the field of theoretical physics.

  • Optical Characterization of Semiconductors

    Infrared, Raman, and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Sidney Perkowitz
    • English
    This is the first book to explain, illustrate, and compare the most widely used methods in optics: photoluminescence, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman scattering. Written with non-experts in mind, the book develops the background needed to understand the why and how of each technique, but does not require special knowledge of semiconductors or optics. Each method is illustrated with numerous case studies. Practical information drawn from the authors experience is given to help establish optical facilities, including commercial sources for equipment, and experimental details. For industrial scientists with specific problems in semiconducting materials; for academic scientists who wish to apply their spectroscopic methods to characterization problems; and for students in solid state physics, materials science and engineering, and semiconductor electronics and photonics, this book provides a unique overview, bringing together these valuable techniques in a coherent wayfor the first time.

  • Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Lloyd Jackman
    • English
    Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of knowledge in dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) spectroscopy. The early chapters describe the theoretical basis and practical techniques which have or will be used for extracting kinetic data from DNMR spectra. The subsequent chapters provide reviews of the many areas in which DNMR spectroscopy has been applied. Key topics covered include nuclear exchange processes; band-shape analysis; application of nonselective pulsed NMR experiments: diffusion and chemical exchange; spin-spin relaxation time determination; rotation about single and double bonds in organic molecules; and dynamic molecular processes in inorganic and organometallic compounds. Also discussed are studies on stereochemical nonrigidity in organometallic and metal carbonyl compounds; fluxional allyl complexes; carbonium ion rearrangements; and proton transfer processes. It is hoped that this volume will provide a literature guide, source book, and progress report which will be helpful to all those who will continue or will begin work in this field.

  • Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc Levenson
    • English
    Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy focuses on the principles of nonlinear laser spectroscopy. This book discusses the experimental techniques of nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the stimulated Raman effect and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, which can be used in a varied way to generate radiation in the ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet areas. This text then explains the simplest quantum-mechanical system consisting of an isolated entity with energy eigenstates

  • Backscattering Spectrometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Wei-Kan Chu
    • English
    Backscattering Spectrometry reviews developments in backscattering spectrometry and covers topics ranging from instrumentation and experimental techniques to beam parameters and energy loss measurements. Backscattering spectrometry of thin films is also considered, and examples of backscattering analysis are given. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an introduction to backscattering spectrometry, what it can and what it cannot accomplish, and some ""rules of thumb"" for interpreting or reading spectra. The relative strengths and weaknesses of backscattering spectrometry in the framework of materials analysis are outlined. The following chapters focus on kinematics, scattering cross sections, energy loss, and energy straggling; backscattering analysis of thin films of various degrees of complications; the influence of beam parameters; and mass and depth resolutions and their relationships to the mass and energy of projectiles. Many examples of backscattering analysis are also presented to illustrate the capability and limitation of backscattering. Backscattering applications when combined with channeling effects are considered as well. The final chapter provides a list of references on the applications of backscattering spectrometry. This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists.

  • Charged–Particle Reaction List 1948–1971

    • 1st Edition
    • F McGowan
    • English
    Charged-Particle Reaction List 1948-1971 is a guide to experiments on charged-particle-ind... reactions that have been reported in journal literature during the period 1948 to June 1971. This compendium consists of the material from four Reaction Lists which have already appeared in Nuclear Data Tables. Each published article is listed under the target nuclei in the nuclear reactions which it treats. Reactions are denoted by A(a,b)B, where A and B are the target and residual nucleus, respectively; a is the bombarding charged particle and b is the outgoing product particle or particles. The guide also includes a brief information after the reaction designation, namely, the energy E of the bombarding projectile in MeV, a short statement of the type of data that is found in the paper, and a bibliographic information on the paper itself. A symbol THY in the extreme right-hand column denotes the theoretical papers concerned with analysis of nuclear reaction data. For papers dealing with experimental data on energy spectra, the angle of observation of the emerging reaction products, the accelerator, as well as the detector used are given for many entries under the column heading "Quantity Measured." The guide will prove immensely useful for theoretical physicists, nuclear physicists, and molecular physicists.

  • An Introduction to the Liquid State

    • 1st Edition
    • P Egelstaff
    • English
    An Introduction to the Liquid State focuses on the atomic motions and positions of liquids. Particularly given importance in this book are internal motion of molecules as a whole and the motion of atoms in a monatomic liquid. Divided into 16 chapters, the book opens by outlining the general properties of liquids, including a comparison of liquid argon and liquid sodium, discussions on theories and methods of studying the liquid state, and thermodynamic relationships. The book proceeds by defining the molecular distribution functions and equation of state, the potential function for non-conducting liquids and metals, and measurement of pair distribution function. Numerical analyses and representations are provided to simplify the functions of equations. The book discusses equilibrium properties wherein calculations on the state of gases and fluids are presented. The text also underlines space and time dependent correlation functions. Given emphasis in this part are neutron scattering, electromagnetic radiation, and various radiation scattering techniques. Other concerns discussed are diffusion and single particle motion, velocity of correlation function, diffusion and viscosity coefficients, liquid-gas critical point, and a comparison of classical and quantum liquids. The selection is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to study the composition and reactions of liquids.

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