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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • University Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • George Arfken
    • English
    University Physics provides an authoritative treatment of physics. This book discusses the linear motion with constant acceleration; addition and subtraction of vectors; uniform circular motion and simple harmonic motion; and electrostatic energy of a charged capacitor. The behavior of materials in a non-uniform magnetic field; application of Kirchhoff's junction rule; Lorentz transformations; and Bernoulli's equation are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the speed of electromagnetic waves; origins of quantum physics; neutron activation analysis; and interference of light. This publication is beneficial to physics, engineering, and mathematics students intending to acquire a general knowledge of physical laws and conservation principles.

  • Inelastic Ion–Surface Collisions

    • 1st Edition
    • N Tolk
    • English
    Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions is a collection of papers presented at the 1976 International Workshop on Inelastic-Ion-Surfac... Collisions, held at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. This book contains 12 chapters and begins with the identification and study of the underlying physical mechanisms associated with ionization, neutralization, and excitation responsible for the observed sputtering and particle backscattering outershell inelastic collision phenomena. Other chapters discuss the role of the bulk, the surface, and the near surface interaction regions on the degree of ionization, neutralization, and excitation. The remaining chapters deal with the oscillations in the energy dependence of backscattered ions, wake riding states, and optical polarization effects from beam transmission through tilted foils and from beam particle bombardment of surfaces at grazing incidence. This book is of great value to atomic, solid state, nuclear, surface, chemical, and space physicists.

  • Shock Waves in Condensed Matter - 1983

    • 1st Edition
    • J.R. Asay + 2 more
    • English
    Shock Waves in Condensed Matter – 1983 covers the proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Conference, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 18-21, 1983. The book focuses on the response of matter to dynamic high pressure and temperature. The selection first elaborates on the review of theoretical calculations of phase transitions and comparisons with experimental results; theoretical and experimental studies of shock-compressed benzene and polybutene; and theory of the iron equation of state and melting curve to very high pressures. The text then ponders on nonhydrostatic effects in stress-wave induced phase transformation of calcite; Bauschinger effect model suitable for use in large computer codes; and strain rate sensitivity prediction for porous bed compaction. The manuscript takes a look at flaw nucleation and energetics of dynamic fragmentation, shock loading behavior of fused quartz, and aluminum damage simulation in high-velocity impact. Shock wave diagnostics by time-resolved infrared radiometry and non-linear Raman spectroscopy; Raman scattering temperature measurement behind a shock wave; and experiments and simulation on laser-driven shock wave evolution in aluminum targets are also discussed. The selection is a dependable reference for scientists and readers interested in the response of matter when exposed to dynamic high pressure and temperature.

  • Liquid Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • Melvin Cutler
    • English
    Liquid Semiconductors explores the status of the subject area's field for the purpose of being a reference to future studies and investigations. Although the main area of interest here is the electronic behavior of liquid semiconductors, the book still includes basic concepts and information, thus serving as a complete source of information in the subject area. The book is organized according to the state of development of the field. After an introductory chapter, the contents of the book are divided under three major sections. The first section (Chapters 2-4) focuses on a systematic review of experimental information and attempts to answer some of the basic questions about the field. The next section (Chapters 5-6) explores the experimental behavior, specifically the theoretical basis in its interpretation. The final section (Chapters 7-8) examines existing information regarding liquid semiconductors in terms of existing theories and concepts in order to come up with specific conclusions. This book caters to both students and scholars in the field of physics or chemistry (specifically condensed matter). Readers with a general interest in the subject area can also use the book as reference.

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectra

    • 1st Edition
    • Herbert Hershenson
    • English
    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectra, Index for 1958-1963 contains 8000 references to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra published in 67 worldwide journals and two collections from 1958 to 1963. This index aims to provide a means for the location of published NMR and ESR spectra, listing references as simple as possible for cross-sectioning purposes of average users. Each reference consists of an abbreviated symbol of the journal, volume number, and page where an actual spectrum of the compound mentioned may be found. This compilation is arranged alphabetically according to the compounds whose spectra are given. In the case of inorganic compounds, solution spectra are normally indexed according to the ion that contributes the significant absorption. This publication is suitable for chemistry students and specialists researching on NMR and ESR.

  • International Trends in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph W. Goodman
    • English
    International Trends in Optics provides a broad view of work in the field of optics throughout the world. Topics range from quantum optoelectronics for optical processing to optics in telecommunications, along with microoptics, optical memories, and fiber-optic signal processing. Holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers are also considered. Comprised of 34 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to some of the practical applications of integrated optical circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and photonic integrated circuits. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum optoelectronics for optical processing; fiber-optic signal processing; holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers; potential uses of photorefractives; and adaptive interferometry that makes use of photorefractive crystals. Water wave optics and diffraction are also examined, together with the essential journals of optics and the opposition effect in volume and surface scattering. The final chapter is devoted to optical computing, with emphasis on its processing functions and architecture. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics and electronics.

  • Ion Implantation Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • J.F. Ziegler
    • English
    Ion Implantation: Science and Technology serves as both an introduction to and tutorial on the science, techniques, and machines involved in ion implantation. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 discusses topics such as the history of the ion implantation; the different types and purposes of ion implanters; the penetration of energetic ions into solids; damage annealing in silicon; and ion implantation metallurgy. Part 2 covers areas such as ion implementation system concepts; ion sources; underlying principles related to ion optics; and safety and radiation considerations in ion implantation. The text is recommended for engineers who would like to be acquainted with the principles and processes behind ion implantation or make studies on the field.

  • Atomic Radiative Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter R. Fontana
    • English
    Atomic Radiative Processes provides a unified treatment of the theory of atomic radiative processes. Fourier transforms are used to obtain solutions of time-dependent Schrödinger equations, and coupled differential equations are transformed to coupled linear equations that in most cases can be readily solved. This book consists of nine chapters and begins with an overview of some of the properties of the classical field and its interaction with particles, focusing on those aspects needed for a better understanding of quantum theory. The Hamiltonian formalism is used to quantize the field, and the density of states of the radiation field is considered. The following chapters focus on a few Fourier transform techniques and their application to such areas as coherence properties of the field and amplitude and intensity correlations; the theory of angular momentum; the properties of irreducible tensors; quantization of the radiation field; and photon states. The interaction of a two-level atom with single modes of the radiation field is also discussed, along with spontaneous emission and decay processes; the evolution of coupled atomic states; the frequency distribution of emitted radiation; and radiative excitation and fluorescence. This monograph is intended for students and researchers in pure and applied physics.

  • Heat and Concentration Waves

    Analysis and Application
    • 1st Edition
    • G Turner
    • English
    Heat and Concentration Waves: Analysis and Applications describes the behavior of a limited class of waves of temperature or concentration that travels in a continuous medium, which itself is moving. This book is organized into nine chapters that discuss wave equations as solutions to linear differential equations. After briefly dealing with the fundamentals of waves and pulsed, this book goes on discussing the effect of introducing either an impulse or a steady source into a stream of uniform velocity or the so-called one-dimensional flow. The following chapters present some simplest basic equations for parameter determination in a flowing medium. These chapters also describe the pulses at an ideal boundary and the behavior of sine waves at such boundary, including the concept of reflections and the ease with which sine waves overcome the problems of incorporating boundary conditions into an experimental determination. This text further examines the behavior of reservoir phases under time-varying temperature or concentration. A chapter focuses on high-precision experimental measurements of sine waves. The concluding chapter outlines the computational processes, with emphasis on the estimation of experimental errors because of their effect on the reliability of parameter determination. Topics covered in the supplementary texts include the transformation of variables; the evaluation of important integrals; the normal distribution curve; aspects of the Laplace transform; some forms of transport equation common to both heat and mass transfer processes; and the interference of waves. This book will be of value to physical chemists, chemical and petroleum reservoir engineers, process metallurgists, physiologists, hydrologists, and soil scientists.

  • Gradient Index Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Erich Merchand
    • English
    Gradient Index Optics deals with the application of gradients in optical systems of classical types: gradient index lenses. The emphasis is on the theory and practice related to gradient index lenses. Only isotropic media are considered since they are the ones for which the refractive index at each point is independent of direction. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a historical background on the use of gradients in astronomy and developments in gradient index lenses, along with the underlying basic theory. The discussion then turns to spherical gradients, paying particular attention to rays, Maxwell's fisheye lens, the Luneburg lens, and astronomical refraction. Subsequent chapters focus on the ray trace in a spherical gradient; axial gradients and their use as an anti-reflection coating; radial gradients and ray tracing in a radial gradient; and fundamentals of aberration theory. The wood lens and ray trace in a general medium are also considered, together with methods for fabrication of gradient elements and measurement of index gradients using an approximate method and interferometric methods. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

  • Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics ICHEP 2002

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Bentvelsen + 3 more
    • English
    The first precision measurements on CP violation in the B system are reported. Both the BELLE and the BABAR collaboration presented, among others, results for sin 2ß with much improved accuracy. Results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, SNO, also deserve to be mentioned. The convincing evidence of solar neutrino oscillations had been presented by SNO prior to the conference; a full presentation was given at the conference. An incredibly precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is reported, a fresh result from the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Apart from these distinct physics highlights, there are also the first results from the new Tevatron run and from the relativistic heavy ion collider RHIC. Theorists write of our ever better understanding of the Standard Model and of what might lie beyond. Risky as it is to highlight only a couple of exciting subjects, it is merely meantto whet the appetite for further reading.

  • Laser Ablation

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 55
    • E. Fogarassy + 2 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of the largest conference ever held on this subject. The strong interest in this field is largely due to the fact that both fundamental aspects of laser-surface interaction as well as applied techniques for thin film generation and patterning were treated in detail by experts from around the world.

  • Electrons in Solids

    An Introductory Survey
    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Bube
    • English
    Electronics in Solids: An Introductory Survey presents a modern picture of electrons in solids using wave properties as the integrating theme of the conceptual background. It looks at lattice waves, light waves, and electron waves—along with their particle-like correlatives, phonons, photons, and electrons. The first chapters of the book provide a background on wave equations, boundary conditions, and general wave properties for the student so that the transition to the nonclassical world of quantum mechanics can be more easily assimilated. The last chapters examine optical properties, electrical properties, junctions, and magnetic properties of solids. This book is written for students of quantum mechanics and those examining the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of solids, without relying too much on advanced knowledge on atomic or solid-state physics.

  • An Introduction To Solar Radiation

    • 1st Edition
    • Muhammad Iqbal
    • English
    An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.

  • Defect Control in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Sumino
    • English
    Defect control in semiconductors is a key technology for realizing the ultimate possibilities of modern electronics. The basis of such control lies in an integrated knowledge of a variety of defect properties. From this viewpoint, the volume discusses defect-related problems in connection with defect control in semiconducting materials, such as silicon, III-V, II-VI compounds, organic semiconductors, heterostructure, etc.The conference brought together scientists in the field of fundamental research and engineers involved in application related to electronic devices in order to promote future research activity in both fields and establish a fundamental knowledge of defect control. The main emphasis of the 254 papers presented in this volume is on the control of the concentration, distribution, structural and electronic states of any types of defects including impurities as well as control of the electrical, optical and other activities of defects. Due to the extensive length of the contents, only the number of papers presented per session is listed below.

  • Macromolecular Physics V1

    • 1st Edition
    • Bernhard Wunderlich
    • English
    Macromolecular Physics, Volume 1: Crystal Structure, Morphology, Defects provides a unified treatment of crystals of linear macromolecules. This book is organized into four chapters: structure of macromolecules, microscopic structure of crystals, crystal morphology, and defect crystal. This publication specifically discusses the macromolecular hypothesis, molecular conformation, and synthesis of macromolecules. The discovery and proof of the lattice theory, structures of minimum free energy, and crystal structures of macromolecules are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the macromolecular crystals, macroscopic recognition of defects, and deformation of polymer crystals. This volume is a good reference for physicists, scientists, and specialists concerned with research on crystals of linear macromolecules.

  • Elementary Processes at High Energy Pt A

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Elementary Processes at High Energy, Part A covers the proceedings of the eighth Course of The International School of Subnuclear Physics held in Erice, Italy, in July 1970. The said conference is focused on the study of phenomenological approaches to particle physics as well as other specialized topics in the field. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 discusses electron position annihilators; weak interactions; and hadron processes at higher energies. Part 2 covers topics such as rigorous results from field theory and unitarity; finite theory of quantum electrodynamics; and models for hadronic reactions. Part 3 topics include gravitation; symmetry principles in physics; and electromagnetic production of hadronic resonances. The text is recommended for physicists, especially those who are interested in the developments in the field of particle physics.

  • Spectrometric Techniques

    • 1st Edition
    • George Vanasse
    • English
    Spectrometric Techniques, Volume 1 aims to show in detail the different techniques and advancements developed in the field of spectrometry. The book covers topics such as Fourier spectrometry and field-widened interferometers; the applications of Fourier transform spectrometry; transmission studies on the different phases of matter; asymmetric interferometry; and the measurement of complex indices of refraction. Also included in the book are the areas of cryogenic instrumentation; Hadamard-Transform spectrometry and its related theory; measurement of infrared transient phenomena; and calibration techniques. The text is applicable for both novices and practitioners in the field of spectrometry, as it can serve as a guide and handbook for the former and reference for the latter.

  • Atmospheric Chemistry

    • 1st Edition
    • Julian Heicklen
    • English
    Atmospheric Chemistry is a comprehensive treatment of atmospheric chemistry and covers topics ranging from the structure of the atmosphere to the chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere. Atmospheric pollutants, hydrocarbon oxidation, and photochemical smog are also discussed, along with the reactions of O8 and singlet O2, the chemistry of SO2 and aerosols, and methods for controlling atmospheric pollution. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere as well as its physical characteristics and the chemistry of meteors. The next two chapters deal with the chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere, with emphasis on neutral oxygen atmosphere, carbon-hydrogen-oxyg... cycle, and the D region. The chemistry of atmospheric pollutants is also examined, along with hydrocarbon oxidation and photochemical smog. The remaining chapters focus on the reactions of O8 and singlet O2, the chemistry of SO2 and aerosols, and methods for controlling atmospheric pollution. This monograph should be useful to graduate students and scientists who wish to study atmospheric chemistry.

  • Multiple Light Scattering

    Tables, Formulas, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • H Van de Hulst
    • English
    Multiple Light Scattering: Tables, Formulas, and Applications, Volume 1 serves to give concise and handy information related to multiple scattering theory in such a way that the reader would not have to rely on extensive literature on the subject. The book is divided into two parts. Part I: General Theory covers the basic concepts, terms, and notations related to multiple scattering theory; exponential integrals and related functions; reciprocity and detailed balance; different related methods; and homogenous atmospheres with arbitrary phase function and single-scattering albedo. Part II: Isotropic Scattering discusses related concepts such as solutions using the Milne operator; semi-infinite atmospheres; the H-functions; and finite slabs. The text is recommended for practitioners in optics, atmospheric physics, astronomy, and other fields that need a reference book in the subject of multiple light scattering.

  • The Foundations of Quantum Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Sol Wieder
    • English
    The Foundations of Quantum Theory discusses the correspondence between the classical and quantum theories through the Poisson bracket-commutator analogy. The book is organized into three parts encompassing 12 chapters that cover topics on one-and many-particle systems and relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory. The first part of the book discusses the developments that formed the basis for the old quantum theory and the use of classical mechanics to develop the theory of quantum mechanics. This part includes considerable chapters on the formal theory of quantum mechanics and the wave mechanics in one- and three-dimension, with an emphasis on Coulomb problem or the hydrogen atom. The second part deals with the interacting particles and noninteracting indistinguishable particles and the material covered is fundamental to almost all branches of physics. The third part presents the pertinent equations used to illustrate the relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. This book is of value to undergraduate physics students and to students who have background in mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and modern physics.

  • Models of Particles and Moving Media

    • 1st Edition
    • Donald Dunn
    • English
    Models of Particles and Moving Media deals with the use of mathematical models to study electrical interactions with moving particles and moving media. Topics covered range from space-time and the Galilean transformation to the Lorentz transformation of time and space and of Maxwell's equations. Forces and wave interaction with uniformly moving circuits and continua are also considered, along with non-uniform motion of charged particles in prescribed electric and magnetic fields. Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of some of the ways in which motion can be described, with particular reference to the concept of space-time and the Galilean transformation. The discussion then turns to the Lorentz transformation of time and space, giving emphasis on the transformation of coordinates, time dilation and the Lorentz contraction, and conservation of mass and energy. After an analysis of the Lorentz transformation of Maxwell's equations, forces and wave interaction with uniformly moving circuits and continua are reviewed, along with non-uniform motion of charged particles in prescribed electric and magnetic fields. The book concludes by describing the use of the Lagrangian model and the Eulerian model to determine the motion of many interacting particles and the motion of charged and conducting fluids, respectively. This monograph is written primarily for students and researchers in the fields of mathematics and physics.

  • Optical Waveguides

    • 1st Edition
    • N Kapany
    • English
    Optical Waveguides describes waveguide phenomena in classical optical terms. This book discusses mode propagation by using equivalent plane waves, polarization, rays, and intensity distributions. Comprised of seven chapters, this book starts with an overview of the history of optical waveguides with emphasis on the earliest studies of dielectric guides. This text then explores the theoretical treatment of guided waves in planar dielectric waveguides in terms of the characteristic modes of these structures. Other chapters consider the interferometric description of the coupling of a uniform beam of light into a thin film through the mechanism of frustrated total reflection. This book discusses as well the properties of the modes of fiber optical waveguides. The final chapter deals with the general properties of the characteristic TE wave (modes) of a symmetric slab guide by direct solution of the homogeneous Maxwell equations. Students of optics and physics, as well as electronic, optical, and communications engineers, will find this book useful.

  • Elementary Particles

    Science, Technology, and Society
    • 1st Edition
    • Luke Yuan
    • English
    Elementary Particles: Science, Technology, and Society is a comprehensive review of some important developments in science and technology in relation to the study of particle physics. The book covers topics such as particle physics - its theory and experimentation, apparatuses, arguments, and speculations; elementary particle interactions in astrophysics; and the interaction of particle research with chemistry. Topics also include the application of accelerated particles in biological research; possible uses of ionizing radiations in radiotherapy; and interactions between elementary particle research and engineering. The text is recommended for particle physicists who would like to know more about the applications of their expertise in the fields of astrophysics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering.

  • Internal Conversion Coefficients for Multipolarities E1,…, E4, M1,…, M4

    • 1st Edition
    • Katharine Way
    • English
    Atomic and Nuclear Data Reprints, Volume 1: Internal Conversion Coefficients: For Multipolarities E1,. . ., E4, M1,. . ., M4 covers a complete set of values for the internal conversion coefficients. This volume provides a compact tool for the analysis of nuclear radiations. This book contains four chapters and starts with a presentation of values of the internal conversion coefficient, number of electrons per photon emitted in a nuclear transition, from relativistic self-consistent-fiel... calculation, which takes into account finite nuclear size, hole and exchange effects, experimental electron binding energies, and vacuum polarization. The next two chapters provide the conversion coefficients for the four lowest electric and magnetic nuclear transition multipoles, E1 . . . E4, M1 . . . M4, for electrons in the K- , L - , and M-shells and L-, M-, and N-subshells as a function of nuclear-transition or gamma-ray energy. The last chapter presents the K- and L-shell internal conversion coefficients for transition energies above 1 MeV.

  • The Geometry of Algebraic Fermi Curves

    • 1st Edition
    • D Gieseker
    • English
    The Geometry of Algebraic Fermi Curves deals with the geometry of algebraic Fermi curves, with emphasis on the inverse spectral problem. Topics covered include the periodic Schrödinger operator and electrons in a crystal; one-dimensional algebraic Bloch varieties; separable Bloch varieties; and monodromy for separable and generic Bloch varieties. Compactification, the potential zero, and density of states are also discussed. This book consists of 13 chapters and begins by recalling the static lattice approximation for electronic motion at low temperature in a pure, finite sample of a d-dimensional crystal. The position of the Fermi energy and the geometry of the Fermi hypersurface in relation to the metallic properties of the crystal are described. The following chapters focus on the Bloch variety associated with a discrete two-dimensional periodic Schrödinger operator; algebraic Bloch varieties in one dimension; compactification of the Bloch variety; and the potential zero. The geometry of the Bloch variety of a separable potential is also considered, along with the topology of the family of Fermi curves. The final chapter demonstrates how the Bloch variety is determined by the density of states. This monograph will be a useful resource for students and teachers of mathematics.

  • Neutron Cross Sections

    • 1st Edition
    • Victoria McLane
    • English
    Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 2: Neutron Cross Section Curves presents data for total reaction cross sections and related fission parameters as a function of incident-neutron energy. This book covers energy range from 0.01 eV to 200 MeV to exclude crystalline and magnetic effects for slow neutrons and relativistic effects for high energy neutrons. The data in this volume are grouped into sections corresponding to the element of the target nucleus in the neutron-induced reaction. These sections are ordered in increasing atomic number. Within a section, graphical data are presented for the natural element followed by the isotopes of that element in order of increasing atomic mass. A list of the reaction types is provided at the end of each section. This book also provides graphical section, wherein each graphical page is annotated on the outer edge with a symbol for an element or isotope followed by the list of the cross section data for that element or isotope. The data plotted in the graphical section are tagged by a mnemonic consisting of year, laboratory, and author's last name. This tag can be used to find the corresponding reference on the bibliographic pages.

  • Neutron Cross Sections

    Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part A: Z=1-60
    • 1st Edition
    • S Mughabghab
    • English
    Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 1: Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part A represents the fourth edition of what was previously known as BNL-325, Neutron Cross Sections, Volume 1. This three-chapter book provides the extensive list of detailed individual resonance parameters for each isotope. The first chapter deals with the thermal cross sections and average resonance parameters, as well as the physics of thermal and resonance neutrons, with particular emphasis on evaluation methods. This chapter also includes tables of standards of capture cross sections and scattering lengths, and commonly used nuclear physics formulas. The second chapter covers the direct or valence capture and the Brink-Axel treatment of electric dipole radiation. These topics are followed by a discussion on spin-dependent scattering lengths that are of interest to solid state. The third chapter describes the Maxwellian 30-keV capture cross sections that are of importance to studies of nucleosynthesis and age of the universe. This chapter also examines the s- and p-wave average radiative widths and gamma-ray strength functions that are required in capture cross section measurements. This book will appeal to nuclear and astrophysicists.

  • Spectroscopy of the earth's Atmosphere and interstellar Medium

    • 1st Edition
    • K.N. Rao
    • English
    Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium focuses on the characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum of the Earth's atmosphere in the far-infrared and microwave regions. It discusses the modes of observation in field measurements and reviews the two techniques used in the spectral region. Organized into six chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the effect of water-vapor absorption, followed by a discussion on the two frequently used method for deriving atmospheric parameters from high-resolution infrared atmospheric spectra, namely, the equivalent width (EW) technique and the nonlinear least-square fitting (NLSF). Other chapters consider the mechanisms by which interstellar clouds are formed. In addition, the book explores the composition of interstellar clouds, ion-molecule reactions, and the formation of stars. This book will be useful to anyone involved in, or interested in learning more about the field of atmospheric spectroscopy, including scientists, aeronomers, astronomers, astrophysicists, and students.

  • Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs

    • 1st Edition
    • John Colonias
    • English
    Particle Accelerator Design: Computer Programs describes some of the most important computer programs applicable to the design of particle accelerators. Computer programs that calculate magnetic and electric fields are considered, along with programs that calculate orbits of particles in a magnetic and/or electric field. Some representative programs useful in the design of linear accelerator-type cavities are also discussed. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins with a review of two-dimensional magnetostatic programs, including TRIM, LINDA, NUTCRACKER, MAREC, GRACY, and COILS. The University of Colorado's magnet program is also examined. The next chapter is devoted to programs capable of solving problems relating to the calculation of electrostatic fields in two-dimensional geometries. The reader is also introduced to programs that perform calculations of three-dimensional linear and nonlinear problems, along with programs that employ matrix formalism and integration of equations of motion. The final chapter looks at programs for linear accelerator-type cavities, including CURE, JESSY, MESSYMESH, and AZTEC. This monograph will be a useful resource for physical scientists, engineers, and computer programmers.

  • Variational Methods in Nuclear Reactor Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Weston M. Jr. Stacey
    • English
    Nuclear Science and Technology, Volume 10: Variational Methods in Nuclear Reactor Physics presents the mathematical methods of a variational origin that are useful in obtaining approximate solutions to science and engineering problems. This book is composed of five chapters and begins with a discussion on the variation principles for physical systems described by both inhomogeneous and homogeneous equations to develop a generalized perturbation theory. Chapter 2 deals with the applications of variational estimates and generalized perturbation theory to neutron transport problems. Chapter 3 covers the variation principles of the Lagrangian form that are constructed for a general, linear- time-dependent process and for the specific case of the P1 neutron kinetics equations. Chapter 4 presents the general procedure for the variational derivation of synthesis approximations and their applications to problems in reactor physics. This chapter also examines the relationship of the spatial synthesis and finite-element method and a hybrid method that combines features of both methods. Chapter 5 describes the relationship of variation theory with the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and with the optimization theories of the maximum principle and dynamic programming. Nuclear physicists and researchers will find this text invaluable.

  • Dynamics and Mechanisms of Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Related Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • N. Mataga + 2 more
    • English
    This book contains papers which examine fundamental aspects of photoinduced electron transfer reactions, an area in which a number of breakthroughs have recently occurred. The book is divided into four parts.Parts I and II are mainly concerned with the fundamental aspects of the inter- and intra-molecular charge transfer, electron transfer and related phenomena such as solvent effects, solvation dynamics, energy gap dependences and radical pair dynamics. Part III is concerned with electron transfer and energy transfer phenomena in polymers, films, crystals, and other confined systems. In Part IV, the mechanisms of the energy and electron transfer in biological photosynthetic systems, proteins and reaction center systems are discussed.

  • Evolution of Particle Physics

    A Volume Dedicated to Eduardo Amaldi in his Sixtieth Birthday
    • 1st Edition
    • M Conversi
    • English
    Evolution of Particle Physics is concerned with the birth of particle physics and its maturation as a scientific field, with emphasis on advances in both theory and experiment. Topics covered include weak interactions and the breaking of hadron symmetries; the role of complexity in nature; symmetry principles in physics; and isobaric analog resonances in phenomenological nuclear spectroscopy. Adiabatic transformations as well as range and straggling of muons are also discussed. This book is comprised of 24 chapters and begins with a review of some of the most important discoveries in particle physics, along with the tools and techniques that made it possible. The reader is then introduced to symmetry breaking, paying particular attention to hadron symmetries and their connection to weak interactions. The following chapters explore channeling of ultrarelativistic charged particles in crystals; coherent scattering of high-energy hadrons by light nuclei; elementary particle physics and high-energy physics; and the design and use of large electron synchrotrons. This monograph will be of interest to particle physicists.

  • Excitons

    Their Properties and Uses
    • 1st Edition
    • Donald C. Reynolds
    • English
    Excitons: Their Properties and Uses presents the fundamental properties of excitons and emphasizes the extensive use of excitons as a tool in understanding the properties of materials. This book explores the basic and technological importance of the physical parameters of materials. Organized into eight chapters, this text starts with a discussion on the theoretical aspects of excitons, and then explores the high-density exciton systems in which the interaction between the constituents is important. Other chapters discuss the experimental observations of exciton phenomena with proper theoretical interpretation of the data. The reader is then introduced to the interactions of excitons with other systems. The final chapter examines the experimental techniques used in the study of excitons and the importance of excitons in materials technology. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers working with semiconductors and other areas of materials technology. Second-year graduate students of solid-state physics will find this book extremely useful.

  • Thermodynamics of Clouds

    • 1st Edition
    • Louis Doufour
    • English
    Thermodynamics of Clouds is Volume 6 of the International Geophysics Series. This volume is an attempt to be a single reference of meteorological works of thermodynamical problems in relation to surface tension and adsorption. Numerous applications of various formulas accompany the text for further understanding of the reader to the concepts featured. The book is divided into 13 chapters where Chapters 1-6 serve as the first part of the book and the second part is from Chapter 7 to Chapter 13. The first part generally discusses and establishes the general formulas of the thermodynamics of surfaces. The method used by the authors is the one by Defay and Prigogine of studying systems in a state of partial equilibrium. The second part of the volume applies the general formulas established in Chapters 1-6 into some meteorological problems such as studies of a droplet or ice crystal suspended in the atmosphere. The text can be used by both graduate and undergraduate students with interest in thermodynamics and climate studies. Professionals such as meteorologists can also use this book as reference in solving some meteorological problems.

  • Dynamical Systems and Microphysics

    Control theory and Mechanics
    • 1st Edition
    • Austin Blaquiere
    • English
    Dynamical Systems and Microphysics: Control Theory and Mechanics contains the proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Mathematical Theory of Dynamical Systems and Microphysics held in Udine, Italy, on September 4-9, 1983. The papers explore the mechanics and optimal control of dynamical systems and cover topics ranging from complete controllability and stability to feedback control in general relativity; adaptive control for uncertain dynamical systems; geometry of canonical transformations; and homogeneity in mechanics. This book is comprised of 14 chapters and begins by discussing the relationship between complete controllability and Poisson stabilizability in relation to to Liapounov stabilizability. The next chapter looks at the conditions that must be met in order to control a dynamical system in an optimal fashion. The theory of optimal feedback control is used as an approach to the dynamics of a mass point in general relativity. The theory of reachability with feedback control is also used as an approach to geometrical optics in the frame of general relativity. The final chapter describes a system theoretic framework for the study of Hamiltonian systems with external forces. This monograph is intended primarily for researchers and graduate students in theoretical physics, mechanics, control and system theory, and mathematics. It may also be read profitably by philosophers of science and, to some extent, by those who have a keen interest in basic questions of contemporary mechanics and physics and who possess some background in the physical and mathematical sciences.

  • The Plasma State

    • 1st Edition
    • Juda Shohet
    • English
    The Plasma State discusses the fundamental principles that describe plasma occurrence. The book reviews the plasma state, collisions, collisional processes, diffusion, mobility, Rutherford scattering, and the collision cross-section. The motion of isolated charged particles occurs in electrical, magnetic, or gravitational fields. During low plasma density and low background gas pressure, the collision frequency is also low. It is during this time that the single particle approach can be studied using a fundamental equation of motion. The text also discusses the problems encountered in the presence of extremely large numbers of particles, moving and interacting with one another. Other topics related to the statistics of collisions and fluid behavior are the collisionless Boltzmann equation, inclusion of collisional processes in statistical descriptions, and the "integrate out" of velocity dependence of the collisionless Boltzmann equation which gives a fluid model of a plasma. The book also describes the different acceleration processes, such as Coulomb collisions, electron or ion-neutral collisions, collective or wave phenomena, that all produce radiation. The text is suitable for students of physics, engineering, atomic physics.

  • Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors

    • 1st Edition
    • J Phillips
    • English
    Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors deals with bonds and bands in semiconductors and covers a wide range of topics, from crystal structures and covalent and ionic bonds to elastic and piezoelectric constants. Lattice vibrations, energy bands, and the thermochemistry of semiconductors are also discussed, along with impurities and fundamental optical spectra. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the crystal structures of the more common and more useful semiconductors, together with bonding definitions and rules; bond energy gaps and band energy gaps; tetrahedral coordination; and bond lengths and radii. The discussion then turns to the effects of covalent and ionic bonds on crystal structures and cohesive energies of semiconductors, paying particular attention to the electronic configurations of atoms, ionicity, and homopolar energy gaps. Subsequent chapters introduce the reader to elastic and piezoelectric constants as well as lattice vibrations, energy bands, impurities, and fundamental optical spectra. The book also examines the thermochemistry of semiconductors before concluding with a concise qualitative description of barriers, junctions, and devices, with emphasis on the physical and chemical principles behind their operation. This monograph will be of interest to physicists, chemists, and materials scientists.

  • An Introduction to Microcirculation

    • 1st Edition
    • M.P. Wiedeman
    • English
    An Introduction to Microcirculation is written in response to the need for a book containing the most basic information about microcirculation. The book aims to consolidate information gained from the numerous vascular beds that have been used for in vivo microscopic observations, to note the similarities and differences in architecture and function, to reveal the origin of certain terms and concepts, and to discuss hemodynamics of the micro vessels. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers a historical introduction to the study; general anatomical comparisons; the microvasculature of specific organs and tissues; and methods of preparation of tissues for microscopic observation. Part 2 discusses factors that are involved in this process and the exchange in the microcirculation. Part 3 explores the hemodynamics in the microcirculation and quantitative techniques for measurement of velocity and blood pressure. The text is for medical students, graduate students, clinicians, and young investigators who wish to have a greater knowledge on microcirculation and the concepts behind it.

  • Physics of High Temperature Plasmas

    • 2nd Edition
    • George Schmidt
    • English
    Physics of High Temperature Plasmas, Second Edition focuses on plasma physics and the advances in this field. This book explores the experimental observations on linear waves and instabilities. Comprised of 11 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of heat transition as a result of the heating of a solid or liquid substance. This book then examines the behavior of plasmas, which has great significance for the understanding of our universe. This text also investigates the possible application of plasmas, such as the application of hot plasma as thermonuclear fuel. Other chapters discuss the laws of plasma physics, with emphasis on those phenomena that are relevant to the operation of thermonuclear machines. This text discusses as well the electromagnetic forces on an earthly scale, the quantum effects, particle collisions, and Maxwell’s equation. The final chapter of the book deals with the motion of charged particles. This book is intended for researchers engaged in plasma research and graduate students taking a course in plasma physics.

  • Magnetism V5

    • 1st Edition
    • Harry Suhl
    • English
    Magnetism, Volume V: Magnetic Properties of Metallic Alloys deals with the magnetic properties of metallic alloys and covers topics ranging from conditions favoring the localization of effective moments to the s-d model and the Kondo effect, along with perturbative, scattering, and Green's function theories of the s-d model. Asymptotically exact methods used in addressing the Kondo problem are also described. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with a review of experimental results and phenomenology concerning the formation of local magnetic moments in metals, followed by a Hartree-Fock description of local states. The intensive activity that followed Kondo's discovery of a serious divergence in the perturbative calculation of certain physical properties of magnetic alloys is described in detail. The parallel problems encountered when the matrix is superconducting are discussed from a theoretical viewpoint. The remaining chapters examine the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism; magnetic hyperfine-interactio... studies of the s-d model and the Kondo effect; functional integral methods for the problem of magnetic impurities; and magnetic moment effects in superconductors. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners in solid state physics.

  • Ion Beam Modification of Materials

    • 1st Edition
    • J.S. Williams + 2 more
    • English
    This conference consisted of 15 oral sessions, including three plenary papers covering areas of general interest, 22 specialist invited papers and 51 contributed presentations as well as three poster sessions. There were several scientific highlights covering a diverse spectrum of materials and ion beam processing methods. These included a wide range of conventional and novel applications such as: optical displays and opto-electronics, motor vehicle and tooling parts, coatings tailored for desired properties, studies of fundamental defect properties, the production of novel (often buried) compounds, and treating biomedical materials. The study of nanocrystals produced by ion implantation in a range of host matrices, particularly for opto-electronics applications, was one especially new and exciting development. Despite several decades of study, major progress was reported at the conference in understanding defect evolution in semiconductors and the role of defects in transient impurity diffusion. The use of implantation to tune or isolate optical devices and in forming optically active centres and waveguides in semiconductors, polymers and oxide ceramics was a major focus of several presentations at the conference. The formation of hard coatings by ion assisted deposition or direct implantation was also an area which showed much recent progress. Ion beam techniques had also developed apace, particularly those based on plasma immersion ion implantation or alternative techniques for large area surface treatment. Finally, the use of ion beams for the direct treatment of cancerous tissue was a particularly novel and interesting application of ion beams.

  • Carbon Isotope Techniques

    • 1st Edition
    • David C. Coleman
    • English
    Carbon Isotope Techniques deals with the use of carbon isotopes in studies of plant, soil, and aquatic biology. Topics covered include photosynthesis/trans... studies in terrestrial ecosystems; carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; microbe/plant/soil interactions; and environmental and aquatic toxicology. Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials are also considered. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to radiation-counting instruments used in measuring the radioactivity in soil and plant samples containing carbon-14. The discussion then turns to the basic methods of 14C use in plant science, highlighted by three examples of applications in the field of plant physiology and ecology. Subsequent chapters explore the use of carbon isotope techniques for analyzing the carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; the interactions of microbes, plants, and soils; and the degradation of herbicides and organic xenobiotics. Carbon dating and bomb carbon are also described. The final section is devoted to the uses and procedures for 13C and 11C. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students, as well as generalist scientists who have not previously used radioisotopes or stable isotopes in their research.

  • Subnuclear Phenomena Part A

    • 1st Edition
    • A Zichichi
    • English
    Subnuclear Phenomena, Part A is the first part of the compilation of the proceedings of the seventh Course of the International School of Physics, held in July 1969 in Erice, Italy. The said program is focused on the analyticity and algebraic properties in particle physics. Topics covered in the book include inelastic electron scattering; multiperipheral dynamics; duality and exchange degeneracy; anomalies of currents in Spinor field theories; the quark model and its developments; and the Efimov-Fradkin method in nonlinear field theory. The book also covers other areas such as the normalization of the wave function; causality and relativity; and the Feynman-Wheeler electrodynamics. The text is recommended for physicists, especially those interested in the further study of particle physics.

  • Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy 2e

    • 1st Edition
    • Marc Levenson
    • English
    Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy, Revised Edition presents the most useful nonlinear spectroscopy techniques at a level accessible to spectroscopists and graduate students unfamiliar with nonlinear optics. This book discusses the principles of nonlinear laser spectroscopy. Organized into seven chapters, this edition starts with an overview of the stimulated Raman effect and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, which can be used in a varied way to generate radiation in the ultraviolet and vacuum-ultraviolet areas. This text then explains the exciting possibilities started by saturated absorption and related techniques, including improved spectroscopic precision, studies of collisional dynamics, and better measurements of fundamental constants and of basic units. Other chapters examine Hamiltonian relaxation, which describes all of the processes that return the ensemble to thermal equilibrium. The final chapter deals with the method of infrared spectrophotography, which combines efficient detection, time resolution, and coherent infrared. Spectroscopists and graduate students will find this book extremely useful.

  • Photochemical Processes in Organized Molecular Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • K. Honda
    • English
    Photochemical processes form the basis of life. Energy transfer through photons also underlies a wide range of phenomena ranging from the motion of atoms and molecules to the assembly of systems of molecules, such as polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films and even liquid crystals.Photochemic... Processes in Organized Molecular Systems provides an overview of recent photochemical investigations of systems of molecules. The book is divided into four parts: the first two deal with current progress on the understanding of photoinduced chemical processes, the third and fourth chapter deal with the photochemistry of organized molecular systems including polymers, micelles and liquid crystals.This book should be studied by all who want to know more about this promising field of photochemical research, and about the fascinating processes that light can bring about.

  • Microchemistry

    Spectroscopy and Chemistry in Small Domains
    • 1st Edition
    • H. Masuhara + 3 more
    • English
    Microchemistry is an interdisciplinary area in which relevant results are presented and published in a range of fields including spectroscopy, optics, applied physics, electrochemistry and polymer science. This volume collects for the first time all the latest research and results and classifies them into five parts. Optical micromanipulation and creation, microfabrication and functionalization and dynamic microspectroscopy are novel methodologies for microchemistry where exploratory ideas and future perspectives are included. Microphotochemistry and microelectrochemistr... and microphotoconversion are concerned with the relaxation dynamics and chemical reactions in small domains. This comprehensive, up-to-date review of the field will be of great interest to scientists and students working in these areas.

  • Laser Light Scattering

    Basic Principles and Practice
    • 2nd Edition
    • Benjamin Chu
    • English
    Laser Light Scattering: Basic Principles and Practice, Second Edition deals with the technical aspects of laser light scattering, including the basic principles and practice. Topics covered include light scattering theory, optical mixing spectrometry, photon correlation spectroscopy, and interferometry. Experimental methods and methods of data analysis are also described. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the interrelationship between laser light scattering and other types of scattering techniques that use X-rays and neutrons, with particular reference to momentum and energy transfers as well as time-averaged and time-dependent scattered intensity. The spectrum of scattered light and a single-particle approach to time-averaged scattered intensity are considered. The following chapters focus on photoelectric detection of the scattered electric field; optical mixing spectrometers; basic equations for photon correlation spectroscopy; and the principles of Fabry-Perot interferometry. The pertinent features of the experimental aspects of laser light scattering are also outlined, together with the Laplace inversion problem. The final chapter examines polymer molecular-weight distributions in relation to particle sizing. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.

  • C, H, N and O in Si and Characterization and Simulation of Materials and Processes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 56
    • A. Borghesi + 4 more
    • English
    Containing over 200 papers, this volume contains the proceedings of two symposia in the E-MRS series. Part I presents a state of the art review of the topic - Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen in Silicon and in Other Elemental Semiconductors. There was strong representation from the industrial laboratories, illustrating that the topic is highly relevant for the semiconductor industry.The second part of the volume deals with a topic which is undergoing a process of convergence with two concerns that are more particularly application oriented. Firstly, the advanced instrumentation which, through the use of atomic force and tunnel microscopies, high resolution electron microscopy and other high precision analysis instruments, now allows for direct access to atomic mechanisms. Secondly, the technological development which in all areas of applications, particularly in the field of microelectronics and microsystems, requires as a result of the miniaturisation race, a precise mastery of the microscopic mechanisms.

  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra

    Applications to Chemical Systems
    • 1st Edition
    • John R. Ferraro + 1 more
    • English
    The final and largest volume to complete this four-volume treatise is published in response to the intense commercial and research interest in Fourier Transform Interferometry.Prese... current information from leading experts in the field, Volume 4 introduces new information on, for example, applications of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy in the Far-Infrared Region. The editors place emphasis on surface studies and address advances in Capillary Gas Chromatography - Fourier Transform Interferometry.Volum... 4 especially benefits spectroscopists and physicists, as well as researchers in physical, analytical, and surface chemistry.FROM THE PREFACE: Several reasons can be cited for the need to publish Volume 4 in this treatise.First, interest in Fourier transform interferometry (FT-IR) has continued. The number of commercial manufacturers of FT-IR instrumentation has increased, reflecting the increase in demand for such instrumentation. The main thrust in FT-IR instrumentation has focused on applications, and many techniques using FT-IR instrumentation have been generated in order to solve problems heretofore unsolvable. The interest in surfaces relative to catalysts, polymers, and electrical conductors has escalated. Three chapters in Volume 4 are devoted to surfaces. Second, the great acceptance of Volumes 1 through 3 and the demand to continue the treatise have induced us to publish Volume 4.The present volume contains nine chapters, making it the largest of the four volumes. Chapter 1 deals with infrared data processing techniques. Chapter 2 concerns itself with circular dichroism*b1FT-IR. Chapter 3 presents an update on GC*b1FT-IR, a rapidly moving field. Chapter 4 deals with the combination of FT-IR and thermal analysis. Advances in coal analyses using FT-IR are presented in Chapter 5. Reflectance studies are highlighted in Chapters 6, 7, and 8. Chapter 6 deals with structural characterizations made with Langmuir*b1Blodgett monolayers. Also in Chapter 6, the extension of DRIFT into the far-infrared region is shown to be feasible and valuable. Reflection*b1absorpt... surface studies (FT-IRRAS) are discussed in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 updates us on photoacoustic spectroscopy*b1FT-IR... of the contributions are made by working experts in these areas. It is the hope that Volume 4 continues in the spirit of the purpose of these volumes, namely, to keep the scientific communities abreast of new developments in FT-IR as applied to chemical systems.

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