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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Marine Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • R Craig
    • English
    Marine Physics guides different disciplines regarding the study of the sea and provides basic understanding of the fundamental theories and premises of the other disciplines. This book is comprised of eight chapters, beginning with some concepts regarding movement of the sea, such as the density currents, diffusion processes, and wind currents in deep water. These occurrences in the sea are thoroughly discussed and explained through theories and concepts behind them. The next three chapters deal more closely on the broad topic of oceanography. Some of the topics include qualitative physical characteristics, waves in both deep and shallow water, and the tides. The last two chapters discuss optics and acoustics as they are applied in the study of marine science. This book aims to be of use to students in various disciplines involved in not just marine science, but also in engineering, biology, and physics.

  • Field Theory in Particle Physics, Volume 1

    • 1st Edition
    • B. de Wit + 1 more
    • English
    ``Field Theory in Particle Physics'' is an introduction to the use ofrelativistic field theory in particle physics. The authors explain the principalconcepts of perturbative field theory and demonstrate their application inpractical situations. The material presented in this book has been testedextensively in courses and the book is written in a lucid and engaging style.Many interesting problems are included at the end of each chapter, both to testthe understanding of the subject matter and to further amplify the ideas in thetext. The authors have taken great care to make their presentation asself-contained as possible by adding several appendices.

  • Landau Level Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume II
    • English
    Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume 27.2: Landau Level Spectroscopy focuses on the processes, reactions, methodologies, and approaches involved in condensed matter sciences, including magnetospectroscopy, resonances, electrodynamics, and magnetic fields. The selection first offers information on the magnetospectroscopy of confined semiconductor systems and the magnetophonon effect in two dimensions. Discussions focus on hot-electron magnetophonon resonance, normal resonances, free carrier states, confined impurities, and electron-phonon interaction. The text then takes a look at the energy spectrum and magnetooptics of band-inverting heterojunctions and the electrodynamics of two-dimensional electron systems in high magnetic fields. The publication examines Landau emission and the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect. Topics include smooth magnetoresistance and SdH effect, Landau level electronic lifetimes, experimental techniques, and Landau emission in III-IV semiconductors. The book then elaborates on a comprehensive review of the experimental aspects of the SdH effect; magnetoimpurity resonances in semiconductor transport; and magnetophonon resonance. The selection is a highly recommended reference for scientists and readers interested in the Landau level spectroscopy.

  • Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • Ronald Davidson
    • English
    Methods in Nonlinear Plasma Theory is from lectures given in graduate classes in both University of Maryland and University of California at Berkeley. To be able to understand fully the contents in this book, the reader is assumed to be a graduate student with background of classical physics and linear plasma waves and instabilities. This text is divided into two major parts. Part I deals with the coherent nonlinear phenomena, while Part II discusses the turbulent nonlinear phenomena. Six chapters comprise Part I, where basic equations and methods are described and discussed. Some of these methods are Vlasov-Maxwell equations and Korteweg-de Vries equation. Part II meanwhile has eight chapters that discuss frameworks and theories for weak plasma turbulence. Specifically, the weak turbulence theory is presented as it is applied to electromagnetic wave-particle interactions, nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and nonlinear wave-particle interactions. This book is a useful reference for students and researchers in the study of classical physics and plasma theory.

  • Atoms and Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Mitchel Weissbluth
    • English
    Atoms and Molecules describes the basic properties of atoms and molecules in terms of group theoretical methods in atomic and molecular physics. The book reviews mathematical concepts related to angular momentum properties, finite and continuous rotation groups, tensor operators, the Wigner-Eckart theorem, vector fields, and vector spherical harmonics. The text also explains quantum mechanics, including symmetry considerations, second quantization, density matrices, time-dependent, and time-independent approximation methods. The book explains atomic structure, particularly the Dirac equation in which its nonrelativistic approximation provides the basis for the derivation of the Hamiltonians for all important interactions, such as spin-orbit, external fields, hyperfine. Along with multielectron atoms, the text discusses multiplet theory, the Hartree-Fock formulation, as well as the electromagnetic radiation fields, their interactions with atoms in first and higher orders. The book explores molecules and complexes, including the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, molecular orbitals, the self-consistent field method, electronic states, vibrational and rotational states, molecular spectra, and the ligand field theory. The book can prove useful for graduate or advanced students and academicians in the field of general and applied physics.

  • Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 21
    • A.A. Kaplyanskii + 1 more
    • English
    ``Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions'' contains chapters on some key problems selected from a broad range of spectroscopic studies of RE-activated solids including both crystalline and glassy materials. Progress in crystal field theory is surveyed, an area which is basic to our understanding of the energy levels. The treatment of dynamical properties includes studies of coherence phenomena in isolated ions, energy transfer between ions and co-operative phenomena associated with ion-ion and ion-lattice interactions. In addition, the role of electron spins and nuclear spins is studied by light scattering and double resonance techniques. The presence of inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines is observed and studied in many contexts, leading to new insights into general problems of the disordered state. Considerable attention is devoted to describing new experimental techniques whose development is of prime importance for progress in the spectroscopy of RE-activated solids. Many of these rely on the development and application of tunable lasers. At the moment this is a very active field of spectroscopy with more exciting developments likely to occur in the future.

  • Charge Density Waves in Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 25
    • L.P. Gor'kov + 1 more
    • English
    The latest addition to this series covers a field which is commonly referred to as charge density wave dynamics.The most thoroughly investigated materials are inorganic linear chain compounds with highly anisotropic electronic properties. The volume opens with an examination of their structural properties and the essential features which allow charge density waves to develop.The behaviour of the charge density waves, where interesting phenomena are observed, is treated both from a theoretical and an experimental standpoint. The role of impurities in statics and dynamics is considered and an examination of the possible role of solitons in incommensurate charge density wave systems is given. A number of ways to describe charge density waves theoretically, using computer simulations as well as microscopical models, are presented by a truely international board of authors.

  • Planar Lipid Bilayers

    Methods and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • W. Hanke + 1 more
    • English
    Biological Techniques is a series of volumes aimed at introducing to a wide audience the latest advances in methodology. The pitfalls and problems of new techniques are given due consideration, as are those small but vital details not always explicit in the methods sections of journal papers.In recent years, most biological laboratories have been invaded by computers and a wealth of new DNA technology and this will be reflected in many of the titles appearing in the series.The books will be of value to advanced researchers and graduate students seeking to learn and apply new techniques, and will be useful to teachers of advanced undergraduate courses involving practical or project work.Methods of constructing artificial membranes (planar lipid bilayers) from the main components of cell membranes (lipids) date from the early 1960s.Planar bilayers offer direct, quantitative experimental approaches to the study of membranes of precisely determined composition which can be manipulated by the experimenter. Pore-forming molecules, transporter molecules, ATP-dependent enzymes and other entities can be incorporated into the bilayers to simulate biological functions.Reconstitu... of such functions in this way remains a key final step in attributing a functional role to purified cell membrane proteins.This book aims to demystify these techniques and begins with a broad overview of the development of the subject before dealing with the protocols involved.Key references are provided at the end of the book together with a list of suppliers.

  • Random Processes: Measurement, Analysis and Simulation

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Cacko + 2 more
    • English
    This book covers the basic topics associated with the measurement, analysis and simulation of random environmental processes which are encountered in practice when dealing with the dynamics, fatigue and reliability of structures in real environmental conditions. The treatment is self-contained and the authors have brought together and integrated the most important information relevant to this topic in order that the newcomer can see and study it as a whole. This approach should also be of interest to experienced engineers from fatigue laboratories who want to learn more about the possible methods of simulation, especially for use in real time on electrohydraulic computer-controlled loading machines.Problems of constructing a measuring system are dealt with in the first chapter. Here the authors discuss the choice of measuring conditions and locations, as well as the organization of a chain of devices for measuring and recording random environmental processes. Some experience gained from practical measurements is also presented. The recorded processes are further analysed by various methods. The choice is governed by the aims of the measurements and applications of the results. Chapter 2 is thus devoted to methods of random process evaluations for digital computers, both from the fatigue and dynamic point of view. The most important chapter is Chapter 3 as this presents a review of up-to-date methods of random process simulation with given statistical characteristics. These methods naturally follow those of random process analysis, and their results form initial data for the corresponding simulations algorithms, including occurrences of characteristic parameters of counting methods, reproduction of correlation theory characteristics and of autoregressive models. The simulation of non-stationary processes is treated in depth, taking into account their importance for practical applications and also the lack of information of this subject.The book is intended to help resolve many practical problems concerning the methods and quality of environmental process evaluation and simulation which can arise when up-to-date loading systems with computer control are being used in material, component and structural fatigue and dynamic research.

  • Quarkonia

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 9
    • W. Buchmüller
    • English
    The discovery of the two families of heavy-quark-antiquar... bound states, the &Ugr; and &PSgr; quarkonium spectroscopies, has played a crucial role in unravelling the nature of strong interactions. The articles collected together in this volume are concerned with the connection between quarkonia and quantum chromodynamics. They deal with potential models, spin-dependent forces, next-to-leading order QCD corrections for decay widths and energy level differences, hadronic transitions and the quark-antiquark interaction in QCD, based on perturbation theory, lattice gauge theory and QCD sum rules. Finally, a brief guide is given to the existing literature on possible new quarkonium systems which have been conjectured in connection with gluonic degrees of freedom, and with expectations for new heavy particles with colour, such as the top quark and scalar quarks.

  • Partial Differential Equations in Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • English
    Partial Differential Equations in Physics: Lectures on Theoretical Physics, Volume VI is a series of lectures in Munich on theoretical aspects of partial differential equations in physics. This book contains six chapters and begins with a presentation of the Fourier series and integrals based on the method of least squares. Chapter II deals with the different types of differential equations and boundary value problems, as well as the Green’s theorem and Green’s function. Chapter III addresses the classic problem of heat conduction and the intuitive method of reflected images for regions with plane boundaries. Chapters IV and V examine the Bessel functions, spherical harmonics, and the general method of eigenfunctions. Chapter VI highlights the problems in radio waves propagation, always considering the earth as a plane. This book is of great benefit to mathematicians, physicists, and physics teachers and undergraduate students.

  • Thin Film Processes II

    • 1st Edition
    • Werner Kern
    • John L. Vossen
    • English
    This sequel to the 1978 classic, Thin Film Processes, gives a clear, practical exposition of important thin film deposition and etching processes that have not yet been adequately reviewed. It discusses selected processes in tutorial overviews with implementation guide lines and an introduction to the literature. Though edited to stand alone, when taken together, Thin Film Processes II and its predecessor present a thorough grounding in modern thin film techniques.

  • Quantum Theory and Gravitation

    • 1st Edition
    • A Marlow
    • English
    Quantum Theory and Gravitation provides information pertinent to quantum theory and general relativity. This book defines the problem areas and presents specific solutions to problems in relativity or quantum theory. Organized into 17 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the concept of pregeometry wherein the geometry of space and space time are based. This text then explores the restriction to real amplitude in photon polarization experiment, which appears in the fact that the elliptical polarizations are not included as possibilities. Other chapters consider the primary role that space-time models play in the expression of physical theories. This book discusses as well the basic structure of an axiomatic model for a fully relativistic quantum theory, which consists of four axioms imposed on an operational quantum logical universe of discourse. The final chapter describes the relationships between certain areas of mathematics and the developments in theoretical physics. Physicists, mathematicians, and researchers will find this book useful.

  • Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy

    • 1st Edition
    • David Kliger
    • English
    Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy covers the experimental methods involved in various sensitive techniques to which lasers have been applied for the study of weak transitions. This book is organized into seven chapters. Each chapter discusses the theories, experiments, and application of the specific technique. A discussion on the advantages, disadvantages, and modifications made in each technique is also provided. Ultrasensitive techniques considered in this text include photoacoustic, one- and two-photon excitation, absorption, mass, and laser ionization spectroscopies. Other chapters examine the techniques of laser intracavity-enhanced... laser absorption, and emission spectroscopy. This book will be of value to spectroscopists, analytical chemists, and researchers in the field of ultrasensitive analysis.

  • Spin Waves and Magnetic Excitations

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 22
    • English
    Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, Volume 22.1: Spin Waves and Magnetic Excitations, Part I focuses on the principles, methodologies, approaches, and reactions involved in spin waves and magnetic excitations, including, Brillouin-Mandelstam light scattering, optical magnetic excitations, and magnetic dielectrics. The selection first elaborates on spin waves in magnetic dielectrics current status of the theory and light scattering from spin waves. Discussions focus on magneto-optic effects and the mechanism of light scattering in magnets, Brillouin-Mandelstam light scattering, Raman scattering, Collinear Heisenberg ferromagnet, low-temperature phase transitions, and low-dimensional systems. The text then ponders on optical magnetic excitations, spin waves above the threshold of parametric excitations, and theory of spin excitations in rare earth systems. Topics include Hamiltonian for rare earth systems, parametric instability of spin waves in magnetic dielectrics, nonstationary processes in parametric excitation of spin waves, radiative decay of magnetic excitons, and mechanism of the generation of magnetic excitations by light. The book tackles 4f moments and their interaction with conduction electrons and neutron scattering studies of magnetic excitations in itinerant magnets, including magnetic excitations at finite and low temperatures, paramagnetic scattering, coupling to conduction electrons, and virtual magnetic excitations. The selection is highly recommended for researchers wanting to study spin waves and magnetic excitations.

  • Electronics of Microwave Tubes

    • 1st Edition
    • W Kleen
    • English
    Electronics of Microwave Tubes presents the fundamentals of microwave tubes. This book explains, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the effects governing the operation of microwave tubes used in telecommunications, including tubes in circuits, properties of resonant circuits, and delay lines used as tube elements. Other topics covered include electron motion in static fields; exchange of power between electron streams and periodic electric fields; and ballistic treatment of electron bunching in regions free from radio-frequency fields. The diodes and grid-controlled tubes; modulation of electron streams by traveling waves in the absence of static transverse fields; and interaction between electron beams and traveling waves in crossed electric and magnetic fields are also elaborated. This text likewise discusses the practical applications of microwave tubes; microwave resonant circuits; delay lines; and electron beams and electron guns. This publication is a good reference for students, physicists, and engineers interested in the field of microwave tubes.

  • Muon Physics V3

    Chemistry and Solids
    • 1st Edition
    • Vernon Hughes
    • English
    Muon Physics, Volume III: Chemistry and Solids explores muon chemistry and muons in matter, with emphasis on positive muons and muonium in matter; mesomolecular processes induced by muons; and depolarization of negative muons. The interaction of muonic atoms with the medium is also discussed. This volume is comprised of a single chapter divided into three sections and begins with a discussion on the interactions of positive muons and muonium with matter, especially their precession, depolarization, deceleration, and thermalization. A phenomenological description of the production and behavior of polarized positive muons is offered, and the qualitative behavior of the muon spin in muonium is considered along with its evolution in quasi-free muonium. The next section focuses on mesomolecular processes induced by mesons, paying particular attention to successive stages of stopping and absorption of negative mesons. The results of an experimental study of mesoatomic and mesomolecular processes in hydrogen are presented, together with theoretical calculations. Finally, the depolarization of negative muons and the interaction of muonic atoms with the medium are discussed. This book is written primarily for physicists as well as students and researchers in physics.

  • Geometrical and Algebraic Aspects of Nonlinear Field Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • S. de Filippo + 3 more
    • English
    Experts in general relativity, particle physics and mathematical physics discuss aspects of their recent research. The main emphasis is on the geometrical and algebraic methods used in solving a wide range of problems.

  • Seismology: Body Waves and Sources

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Bolt
    • English
    Methods in Computational Physics, Volume 12: Seismology: Body Waves and Sources is a six-chapter text that covers the numerical solution of some major problems on seismic body wave propagation and generation in the Earth. Chapter 1 considers the power of the computer to trace out detailed seismic response by means of ray theory, based from the results gathered in Soviet Union and the Continent. Chapter 2 exposes the finite difference methods employed to obtain complete theoretical seismograms for a source in a layered half-space, in wedges, and in a sphere, along with an outline of normal mode solutions for a source in a sphere and the ray expansion method. Chapter 3 discusses the theory and method of solution of the signals diffracted by the Earth's core using the response integral, the differential equations, and boundary conditions. This chapter deals also with the method of finding numerically the reflection coefficient in an inhomogeneous model. Chapter 4 describes a method for finding seismic velocity distributions that fit a given set of data and having found such distributions how to quantitatively assess their degree of uncertainty, such as their uniqueness. Chapter 5 surveys the theory of an observational technique for studying earthquake mechanism, while Chapter 6 provides a summary of theories of seismology and the important computational techniques together with some of their applications to seismic-source studies. This book will be greatly appreciated by geoscientists, physicists, and mathematicians.

  • Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System

    • 1st Edition
    • John Lewis
    • English
    Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System focuses on planetary physics and chemistry. This book consists of 12 chapters. Chapters I to IV cover the general properties and environment of the planetary system. The solar system beyond Mars is elaborated in Chapters V to VIII, while the inner solar system is considered in Chapters XI to XII. In these chapters, this compilation specifically discusses the limitations on big bang nucleosynthesis; structure and classification of galaxies; and mass and angular momentum distribution. The radio wave propagation in space plasmas; interiors of Jupiter and Saturn; density and composition of icy satellites; and evaporation and non-gravitational forces are also deliberated. This text also explains the physical properties of meteorites; geology of the Moon; geophysical data on Mars; and search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This publication is a good reference for first-year graduate students who intend to take graduate courses in specialized areas of planetary sciences, as well as practicing Ph.D. scientists with training in physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, meteorology, and biology.

  • Spherical Astronomy

    • 1st Edition
    • Edgar Woolard
    • English
    Spherical Astronomy provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental principles of positional astronomy. The text focuses on the principles of spherical astronomy and the theory of fundamental astronomical observations. Discussions are made on topics such as the celestial sphere and the nature of the reference systems of astronomy; the geometric aspects of the celestial sphere in relation to geographic position; systems of time measurement based on the rotation of the earth; and the inertial reference system. Astronomers and astrophysicists will find the book highly insightful.

  • Stratified Flows

    • 1st Edition
    • Chia-Shun Yih
    • English
    Stratified Flows is the second edition of the book Dynamics of Nonhomogenous Fluids. This book discusses the flow of a fluid of variable density or entropy in a gravitational field. In this edition, corrections have been made; unnecessary parts have been omitted; and new sections as well as notes on results related to the subject have been added. This book includes a general discussion of the effects of density or entropy and the structure of stratified flows; waves of small amplitude; the Eigenvalue problem; dependence of phase velocity on wavelength; wave motion; steady flows of finite amplitude; and types of solutions for steady flows. This edition also covers other topics such as hydrodynamic stability; flows in porous media; and the analogy between gravitational and electromagnetic forces. This text is recommended for those in the field of physics who would like to be familiarized with stratified flows and its related concepts.

  • The Beta Equilibrium, Stability, and Transport Codes

    Applications of the Design of Stellarators
    • 1st Edition
    • Frances Bauer
    • English
    The Beta Equilibrium, Stability, and Transport Codes: Application to the Design of Stellarators covers the application of the BETA computer codes to the Heliotron E plasma confinement experiment. This book is the outgrowth of a collaboration between the Courant Institute at New York University and the Plasma Physics Laboratory at Kyoto University. After briefly dealing with the history of the codes and the design of new stellarator experiments, this five-chapter book goes on presenting 15 typical runs of the BETA equilibrium, stability, and transport codes. Included with each run is a statement relating the physics of the example to the computational model. The following chapters focus on the revisions of the BETA equilibrium code by implementing a simplified neoclassical transport theory defining the geometric confinement time output by the equilibrium code. The concluding chapter provides a FORTRAN listing of the transport code.

  • Tree Rings and Climate

    • 1st Edition
    • H Fritts
    • English
    Tree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics.

  • Rare Earth Permanent Magnets

    • 1st Edition
    • A.S. Nowick
    • English
    Rare Earth Permanent Magnets presents the discussion of the metallurgy and properties of rare earth permanent magnet alloys. The monograph initially provides the elementary aspects of magnetism to enable the reader sufficient understanding of permanent magnetism. The book then discusses the rare earth elements and their alloys with cobalt, copper, and iron; the magnetic properties of various intermetallic compounds relevant to permanent magnets; a detailed account of cast permanent magnets of the Co-Cu-Sm and Co-Cu-Ce systems and their modifications; the important methods of making and manufacturing rare earth permanent magnets by powder metallurgy methods; and comparisons between the well-known permanent magnets and the new rare earth materials. This text will be of value to students, materials engineers, and scientists.

  • Angular Momentum Theory for Diatomic Molecules

    • 1st Edition
    • Brain Judd
    • English
    Angular Momentum Theory for Diatomic Molecules focuses on the application of angular momentum theory in describing the complex dynamical processes in molecules. The manuscript first offers information on tensor algebra and rotation group. Discussions focus on commutation relations, spherical and double tensors, rotations, coupling, reduced matrix elements, quaternions, combination theorem for Gegenbauer polynomials, and combination theorems for spherical harmonics. The book then takes a look at R(4) in physical systems and hydrogen molecular ion, including rigid rotator, reversed angular momentum, reduced matrix elements, spheroidal coordinates, and hydrogen atom in spheroidal coordinates. The publication examines expansions and free diatomic molecules. Topics include angular momentum, molecular frame, primitive energy spectrum, rotating oscillator and hydrogen atom, expressions for electric potentials, delta functions, and Neumann expansion. The manuscript also considers external fields and perturbations. The text is a dependable reference for readers interested in the application of angular momentum theory in identifying the dynamical processes going on in molecules.

  • Contemporary Nonlinear Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Boyd
    • English
    Contemporary Nonlinear Optics discusses the different activities in the field of nonlinear optics. The book is comprised of 10 chapters. Chapter 1 presents a description of the field of nonlinear guided-wave optics. Chapter 2 surveys a new branch of nonlinear optics under the heading optical solitons. Chapter 3 reviews recent progress in the field of optical phase conjugation. Chapter 4 discusses ultrafast nonlinear optics, a field that is growing rapidly with the ability of generating and controlling femtosecond optical pulses. Chapter 5 examines a branch of nonlinear optics that may be termed nonlinear quantum optics. Chapter 6 reviews the new field of photorefractive adaptive neural networks. Chapter 7 presents a discussion of recent successes in the development of nonlinear optical media based on organic materials. Chapter 8 reviews the field of nonlinear optics in quantum confined structures. Chapter 9 reviews the field of nonlinear laser spectroscopy, with emphasis on advances made during the 1980s. Finally, Chapter 10 reviews the field of nonlinear optical dynamics by considering nonlinear optical systems that exhibit temporal, spatial, or spatio-temporal instabilities. This book is a valuable source for physicists and other scientists interested in optical systems and neural networks.

  • High Energy Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • E Burhop
    • English
    High Energy Physics, Volume V is a collection of papers that discusses photo- and electro-production processes, Reggae phenomenology, and quantum electrodynamics. The book explains the details involved in pion photo-production and electro-production, such as the kinematics, the choice of invariant amplitudes, the multipole amplitude, helicity amplitude expansions of the transition matrix, cross section, polarization formulas. The text also discusses high energy phenomenology using Regge poles, particularly on finite energy sum rules (FESR), duality, the Veneziano model, and Regge cuts. The Veneziano model, a form of amplitude combining low energy resonances and high energy Regge behavior in an analytic and crossing-symmetric ways, satisfies FESR. The model also provides a true realization of duality. The book analyzes evidence on the validity of quantum electrodynamics showing no grave discrepancies that are present between quantum electrodynamics and experiments. The text then describes the low energy tests and the high energy tests (including those with storage rings). The book can prove useful for theoretical physicists, investigators of quantum mechanics, and professors of advance physics.

  • Relaxation Phenomena in condensed Matter Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Sushanta Dattagupta
    • English
    Relaxation Phenomena in Condensed Matter Physics features various methods for spectroscopy techniques presented in this book and the relation of these techniques to correlation functions. This book aims to present the similarities and differences between different studies of the relaxation phenomena and to come up with a unified theoretical approach. This text is divided into two major parts, A and B. Part A deals briefly with several spectroscopy experiments and how they can be analyzed in terms of correlation functions. Spectroscopy techniques are likewise discussed in this part. Part B focuses on the stochastic theory of the said correlation functions, where each stochastic model is situated in the context of a physical process. The result of the calculations is then related to one of the experiments featured in Part A. These stochastic methods provide a simple mathematical framework in analyzing relaxation phenomena that can be related to diffusion process. This book is targeted to graduate students who have already taken quantum and statistical physics and is a good reference to students, scientists, and researchers in the field of condensed matter physics.

  • Semiconducting Ore Minerals

    • 1st Edition
    • R Shuey
    • English
    Developments in Economic Geology, 4: Semiconducting Ore Minerals provides a comprehensive discussion of the semiconductor physics of ore minerals, which is a specialized field that is interdisciplinary to materials science and earth science. The book is organized into four parts. Part I deals with basic principles such as the electronic structure of solids; electrical conduction in semiconductors; and various crystal properties which, like conductivity, depend primarily upon the electronic structure. It also discusses theoretical and experimental investigations pertinent to complex electrical inhomogeneity. Part 2 examines the properties of elements such as bismuth, copper, and graphite. Part 3 deals with sulfides including arsenopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, covellite, molybdenite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. Part 4 covers oxides, including cassiterite, cuprite, hematite, magnetite, pyrolusite, and rutile. This book may be a useful reference for those involved with research on ore minerals, including geophysicists, geochemists, or extractive metallurgists.

  • Handbook of florescence spectra of Aromatic Molecules

    • 2nd Edition
    • Isadore Berlman
    • English
    Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules, Second Edition describes the fluorescence and absorption spectra of about 200 aromatic compounds, most of which fall into the following classes: p-oligophenylenes, indole derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, napthalene derivatives, biphenyl derivatives, and biological stains. Experiments with lasers and their relevance to fluorescence studies are included. This handbook is comprised of seven chapters and begins with a historical overview of research into the fluorescence characteristics of compounds, the methods and equipment used to measure fluorescence, and elementary considerations concerning luminescence. The format for the presentation of data pertaining to each compound covered in this text is described, together with the equipment for exciting, detecting, and recording the spectrum of the emitted radiation. The discussion then turns to the free electron model and presents general information on concepts such as chromophores, planar and nonplanar molecules, effects of planarity on fluorescence, solvent and concentration effects, and polarization. The following chapters focus on compounds such as benzene and polycyclic hydrocarbons as well as some uses of fluorescent compounds. This monograph will be of interest to organic chemists and physicists.

  • Medium-Energy Ion Reflection from Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • E.S. Mashkova + 1 more
    • English
    ``Medium-Energy Ion Reflection from Solids'' analyses the results of experimental, theoretical and computer investigations on the process of scattering of ions by solid surfaces. Surface scattering is a relatively young and rapidly developing branch of the physics of atomic collisions and the literature on this subject has rapidly grown.As the first monograph devoted specifically to surface scattering of ions, this book is directed at scientists involved in ion-solid interaction studies.

  • An Introduction to the Liquid State

    • 1st Edition
    • P Egelstaff
    • English
    An Introduction to the Liquid State focuses on the atomic motions and positions of liquids. Particularly given importance in this book are internal motion of molecules as a whole and the motion of atoms in a monatomic liquid. Divided into 16 chapters, the book opens by outlining the general properties of liquids, including a comparison of liquid argon and liquid sodium, discussions on theories and methods of studying the liquid state, and thermodynamic relationships. The book proceeds by defining the molecular distribution functions and equation of state, the potential function for non-conducting liquids and metals, and measurement of pair distribution function. Numerical analyses and representations are provided to simplify the functions of equations. The book discusses equilibrium properties wherein calculations on the state of gases and fluids are presented. The text also underlines space and time dependent correlation functions. Given emphasis in this part are neutron scattering, electromagnetic radiation, and various radiation scattering techniques. Other concerns discussed are diffusion and single particle motion, velocity of correlation function, diffusion and viscosity coefficients, liquid-gas critical point, and a comparison of classical and quantum liquids. The selection is a valuable source of information for readers wanting to study the composition and reactions of liquids.

  • High Field Magnetism

    • 1st Edition
    • M. Date
    • English
    High Field Magnetism presents the proceedings of the International Symposium on High Field Magnetism held at the Osaka University and Hotel Plaza in Osaka on September 13-14, 1982 as a satellite symposium of the International Conference on Magnetism-1982-Kyoto... The symposium tackled a wide variety of high field generation methods and material systems, with magnetism orientation as the main objective. A special Technical Exposition was held in the poster session where representatives from MIT, Grenoble, and other high field facilities were invited to give a descriptive review of each laboratory. This book is divided into eight parts, beginning with an introductory chapter into the subject of high field magnetism. The succeeding parts focus on magnetic interactions and phase transitions in high magnetic fields; metals and alloys in high magnetic fields; high field superconductivity; spin and charge fluctuations in high magnetic fields; high field magneto-optics; high field magnetic resonance; and high magnetic field facilities and techniques. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of cryogenic engineering and applied physics.

  • Theory of Quantum Fluids

    • 1st Edition
    • Eugene Feenberg
    • English
    Theory of Quantum Fluids is a concise report on the microscopic description of liquid 4He and liquid 3He in the physical density range using simple forms of the potential function between pairs of neutral atoms and the properties of the ground states and limited ranges of low excited states. The monograph covers the properties of the radial distribution function and the three-particle distribution particle; the classical sound field and the correspondence principle; paired phonon states in the free- phonon approximation; the uniform limit and the charged boson system; and the microscopic theory of a single 3He atom in the 4He liquid. Theoretical and experimental physicists will find the book very interesting.

  • Flow Equations for Composite Gases

    • 1st Edition
    • J Burgers
    • English

  • Recent Research in Molecular Beams

    • 1st Edition
    • Immanual Estermann
    • English
    Recent Research in Molecular Beam is a collection of scientific papers that have been inspired by Otto Stern, the founder of Molecular Beam Research. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with discussions on the early history of molecular beam research. The next chapters describe the velocity distribution measurements made on potassium molecular beams with a fixed-frequency, variable phase velocity selector, along with a brief consideration of the principles and concepts of electron magnetic moment and atomic magnetism. A chapter presents the atomic beam spectroscopic experiments on the metastable state of the hydrogen-like atoms that depend on a wholly different principle for the detection of transitions. This text further explores the effects of variations in the oscillatory field amplitudes, perturbations by neighboring resonances, perturbations by oscillatory fields, variations in the fixed field amplitudes, and phase shifts of the oscillatory fields. These topics are followed by a comparison of advantages and limitations of various techniques for spin property measurement as they apply in particular to radioactive nuclei, such as optical and molecular gas microwave spectroscopy, nuclear and paramagnetic resonance, and atomic beams. The remaining chapters examine fluid friction in a rarefied gas flow; some applications of molecular beam techniques to chemistry; and the polarized neutrons based on a Stern-Gerlach experiment. This work will be of great value to workers and researchers in molecular beam field.

  • Physical Acoustics V6

    Principles and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren P. Mason
    • English
    Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume VI provides five chapters covering the whole of physical acoustics. The first chapter extends the methods for studying high frequency sound waves in the hypersonic range by the technique of Brillouin scattering. The next chapter discusses the acoustic properties of materials of the perovskite structure. These materials have ""soft"" modes, which are transverse optic modes of the phonon spectrum that have unusually low and strongly temperature dependent frequencies. This chapter expounds the influence of the soft modes, with particular attention to potassium tantalate and strontium titanate. The third chapter gives a theoretical treatment of the properties and possibilities of surface waves in crystals that are becoming of increasing interest for delay lines, amplifiers of sound waves, and other practical applications. The fourth chapter discusses the experimental methods and results of the dynamic shear properties of solvents and polystyrene solutions from 20 to 300 MHz, including a description of its materials and steady-flow properties. The final chapter deals with condensed helium, which requires quantum reactions to account for its properties. While the experimental data on solid helium are still insufficient, this chapter gives both a theoretical and an experimental account of sound propagation in solid helium, including various liquid forms. This book is recommended to both students and physicists conducting research on physical acoustics.

  • High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena

    • 1st Edition
    • M.H. Pilkuhn
    • English
    High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena contains the proceeding of the Third Trieste ICTP-IUPAP Semiconductor Symposium on ""High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena"", held at the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy on July, 2-6 1984. This book contains the keynote papers of the symposium and the contributions from the participants. It describes the non-equilibrium electron-hole plasmas in direct and indirect gap semiconductors; transport of plasmas and of hot carriers; and expansion velocities. The book also elucidates the screening effects involved in the exciton-plasma transition; the optical bistability and nonlinearity; and experimental techniques with short pulse spectroscopy. Other topics emphasized are the physical aspects of laser annealing and of melting at the highest excitation levels, as well as the results of high excitation and short pulse physics of quantum wells. The fast relaxation processes, as well as the carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions are also explained. This material will serve as a source of information and reference, and will stimulate ways for further research.

  • Comminution 1994

    • 1st Edition
    • K.S.E. Forssberg + 1 more
    • English
    This publication is the result of the 8th European Conference on Comminution. Containing many significant contributions concerning the topic of Comminution, the book gives the reader a vital insight into the subject.

  • An Introduction to Astrophysical Hydrodynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Steven N. Shore
    • English
    This book is an introduction to astrophysical hydrodynamics for both astronomy and physics students. It provides a comprehensive and unified view of the general problems associated with fluids in a cosmic context, with a discussion of fluid dynamics and plasma physics. It is the only book on hydrodynamics that addresses the astrophysical context. Researchers and students will find this work to be an exceptional reference. Contents include chapters on irrotational and rotational flows, turbulence, magnetohydrodynamics... and instabilities.

  • Handbook of Infrared Standards II: with Spectral Coverage between

    • 1st Edition
    • Bozzano G Luisa
    • English
    This timely compilation of infrared standards has been developed for use by infrared researchers in chemistry, physics, engineering, astrophysics, and laser and atmospheric sciences. Providing maps of closely spaced molecular spectra along with their measured wavenumbers between 1.4vm and 4vm, this handbook will complement the 1986 Handbook of Infrared Standards that included special coverage between 3 and 2600vm. It will serve as a necessary reference for all researchers conducting spectroscopic investigations in the near-infrared region.Key Features:- Provides all new spectral coverage between 1.4vm and 4vm- Comprises over 500 pages of spectral maps and accompanies wavenumbertables- Includes a useful study of the heterodyne frequency measurement- Provides an update of OsO4 measurements using saturation absorption spectroscopy- Features easy-to-read spectral maps to help locate information at a glance

  • Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • R.J. Elliott + 1 more
    • English
    ``Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals'' is concerned with the description of optical processes in substitutionally disordered semiconductors and insulators which can be basically described through their elementary excitations. Two of the chapters relate to the phonon response including the effect of side bands on electron transitions. Two relate to electronic spectra, one on photoelectron spectroscopy and the other on excitons. A further chapter deals with magnons in magnetic crystals and a final chapter is related to fluctuations and band edge effects.Each chapter deals with a specific class of excitation, but the book makes it clear that the fundamental structure of the excitation spectra, including band formation, band tailing and localisation is common to every type of excitation. The volume shows how some basic concepts and ideas can be widely applied to bring coherence and understanding to a diverse area of solid state physics. It therefore provides an up-to-date summary of the experimental and theoretical situation in an important and rapidly developing field and brings together for the first time a discussion of the many different types of spectra which appear in mixed crystals.

  • Quantitative Coherent Imaging

    Theory, Methods and Some Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • J.M. Blackledge
    • English
    Quantitative Coherent Imaging: Theory, Methods and Some Applications discusses the principles of interpreting the structure and material properties of objects by the way in which they scatter electromagnetic and acoustic radiation. It presents an account of the fundamental physical principles which are common to nearly all imaging systems. The book is divided into three parts. Part One deals with the mathematical and computational background to the subject. Part Two discusses the theory of quantitative coherent imaging, presenting the theoretical foundations used in a variety of applications. It looks at both acoustic and electromagnetic imaging systems. Part Three examines some of the data-processing techniques which are common to most types of imagery. It cites methods of deconvolution, image enhancement, and noise reduction. This book caters to the reader interested in different fields of research in imaging science. It explains the principles of coherent imaging and provides a text that covers the theoretical foundations of imaging science in an integrated form.

  • String Theory in Four Dimensions

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • M. Dine
    • English
    ``String Theory in Four Dimensions'' contains a representative collection of papers dealing with various aspects of string phenomenology, including compactifications on smooth manifolds and more general conformal field theories. Together with the lucid introduction by M. Dine, this material gives the reader a good working knowledge of our present ideas for connecting string theory to nature.

  • Nuclear Structure 1985

    • 1st Edition
    • R.A. Broglia + 2 more
    • English
    40 leading specialists review the modern developments of nuclearstructure physics.

  • International Symposium on Nonlinear Differential Equations and Nonlinear Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Joseph Lasalle
    • English
    Nonlinear Differential Equations and Nonlinear Mechanics provides information pertinent to nonlinear differential equations, nonlinear mechanics, control theory, and other related topics. This book discusses the properties of solutions of equations in standard form in the infinite time interval. Organized into 49 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the characteristic types of differential equation systems with small parameters. This text then explains the structurally stable fields on a differentiable two manifold are the ones that exhibit the simplest features. Other chapters explore the canonic system of hyperbolic partial differential equations with fixed characteristics. This book discusses as well the monofrequent oscillations that are predominantly near one or the other of the linear modes of motion. The final chapter deals with the existence and asymptotic character of solutions of the nonlinear boundary value problem. This book is a valuable resource for pure and applied mathematicians. Aircraft engineers will also find this book useful.

  • Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • T. Miyahara + 3 more
    • English
    These volumes contain 365 of the 505 papers presented at the VUV-11 Conference, held at Rikkyo University, Tokyo, from August 27th to September 1st 1995. The papers are divided into three sections: atomic and molecular spectroscopy, solid state spectroscopy and instrumentation and technological applications. New aspects presented were both quantitative and qualitative improvements in fluorescence spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism measurements. The fluorescence data are complementary to those of photoemission in a sense but they appear to open up a new method to analyze the optical excitation and relaxation processes. The application of magnetic circular dichroism has proved to be useful not only in analyzing the electronic structures of magnetic materials but also in practical applications to material engineering as found in experiments combined with photoelectron microscopy. Excellent developments in applications are only found in the field of surface photochemistry, where the technique of etching using VUV light has been appreciably refined.Although the majority of distinctive scientific features in the VUV-11 Conference have been brought about by the application of synchrotron radiation, experiments using a different type of light source appear to have progressed steadily. This is evident in the studies of plasma radiation.

  • Physical Acoustics V2B

    Principles and Methods
    • 1st Edition
    • Warren P. Mason
    • English
    Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods, Volume II, Part B: Properties of Polymers and Nonlinear Acoustics presents the applications of the methods for detecting and generating sound waves. This book deals with more closely packed materials than found in liquid, which retain the ability to perform some atomic movements. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the significant method for measuring nonlinearities in liquids and solids in the light diffraction method. This text then describes the basic generalization of linear viscoelastic theory, which is the only theory with enough power, range, and simplicity to be of use in relating the mechanical properties as a whole. Other chapters consider the phenomena that are observed during time-dependent dilatation of amorphous polymers and discuss the relationship of this behavior to that observed during shearing deformation. The final chapter deals with the distortion of the ultrasonic waveform arising from nonlinearity. Physicists and researchers will find this book useful.

  • Space Groups and Their Representations

    • 1st Edition
    • Gertjan Koster
    • English
    Space Groups and Their Representations focuses on the discussions on space groups and their corresponding numerical and analytical representations. Divided into six chapters, the book starts with the presentation of the nature and properties of space groups. This topic includes orthogonal transformations and Bravais lattices, such as cubic system, triclinic system, trigonal and hexagonal systems, monoclinic systems, and tetragonal systems. The book then proceeds with the discussion on the irreducible representations of space groups, and then covers the general theory, simplification, and introduction. Discussions on various examples of space groups are given in the third chapter. Numerical representations are provided to support the validity of the different space groups, including discussions on double groups. The book also points out that the irreducible representation of space groups and the application of representation theory to them manifest the latest developments on geometrical crystallography. The text is a vital source of data for scholars and readers who are interested to study space groups and crystallography.

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