Books in Optical properties and condensed matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with radiation

Neutrons, X-rays, and Light

2nd Edition
December 6, 2024
Peter Lindner + 1 more
English
Hardback
9 7 8 0 4 4 3 2 9 1 1 6 6
eBook
9 7 8 0 4 4 3 2 9 1 1 7 3

This book addresses the possibilities provided by scattering techniques in the study of soft matter. It fills the gap between the fundamental scattering processes, which are described by the general theoretical framework of elastic and quasi-elastic interaction of radiation with matter, and state-of-the-art applications to specific soft matter systems. Three probes are discussed in detail: neutrons, X-ray photons, and visible light.Part 1 of the book is dedicated to the use of general principles for the measurement and analysis of scattered intensity: elementary scattering process, data reduction, general theorems, the concept of reciprocal space, and its link to structural and dynamical information in direct space. In Part 2, methods and techniques are further discussed, including resolution effects, contrast variation, static and dynamic light scattering, quasielastic neutron scattering, and reflectometry and grazing incidence techniques. Part 3 deals with the state of the art of scattering studies of typical soft matter systems (polymers, self-assembled surfactant systems and liquid crystals, microemulsions, colloids, aggregates, biological systems) with dedicated chapters for particle interactions and modeling. Part 4 highlights special applications, from light scattering in turbid media to scattering under external constraints, applications of neutron reflectometry, characterization of relaxation modes by neutron spectroscopy, and industrial applications.This new edition, written by the lecturers of the Bombannes Summer School, will be most useful as a learning tool for masters and PhD students, postdocs, and young researchers moving into the field. As with the previous edition, it will also be a reference for any scientist working in soft matter, where scattering techniques are ubiquitous, used in both small laboratories and large-scale research facilities.

Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety

1st Edition
February 4, 2015
Ilya Obodovskiy
English
Hardback
9 7 8 0 1 2 8 0 2 0 2 6 5
eBook
9 7 8 0 1 2 8 0 2 0 5 3 1

Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety covers the effects and mechanisms involved in radiation and chemical exposure on humans. The mechanisms and effects of these damaging factors have many aspects in common, as do their research methodology and the methods used for data processing. In many cases of these types of exposures the same final effect can also be noted: Cancer. Low doses of radiation and small doses of chemical exposure are continuously active and they could influence the entire population. The analysis of these two main source hazards on the lives of the human population is covered here for the first time in a single volume determining and demonstrating their common basis. Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety includes the necessary knowledge from nuclear physics, chemistry and biology, as well the methods of processing the experimental results. This title focuses on the effects of low radiation dosage and chemical hormesis as well as the hazards associated with, and safety precautions in radiation and chemicals, rather than the more commonly noted safety issues high level emergencies and disasters of this type.

The Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers

3rd Edition
June 21, 2013
Laurence W. McKeen
English
Hardback
9 7 8 1 4 5 5 7 2 8 5 1 0
eBook
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This reference guide brings together a wide range of essential data on the effects of weather and UV light exposure on plastics and elastomers, enabling engineers to make optimal material choices and design decisions. In both normal and extreme environments, outdoor use has a variety of effects on different plastics and elastomers, including discoloring and brittleness. The data is supported by explanations of real-world engineering applications. The data tables in this book are supported by examples of real-world applications, enabling engineers and scientists to select the right materials for a given situation, across a wide range of sectors including construction, packaging, signage, consumer (e.g. toys, outdoor furniture), automotive and aerospace, defense, etc. The third edition includes new text chapters that provide the fundamental knowledge required to make best use of the data. Author Larry McKeen has also added detailed descriptions of the effect of weathering on the most common polymer classes such as polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, elastomers, fluoropolymers, biodegradable plastics, etc., making this book an invaluable design guide as well as an industry standard data source.

Theory of Heavy Ion Collision Physics in Hadron Therapy

1st Edition
Volume 65
December 31, 2012
Dzevad Belkic
English
eBook
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Advances in Quantum Chemistry presents surveys of current topics in this rapidly developing field that has emerged at the cross section of the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. It features detailed reviews written by leading international researchers. This volume focuses on the theory of heavy ion physics in medicine.

Waveguide Spectroscopy of Thin Films

1st Edition
Volume 33
December 19, 2005
Alexander Vasil'evich Khomchenko
English
eBook
9 7 8 0 0 8 0 4 5 7 8 9 5

In Waveguide Spectroscopy of Thin Films new methods of study of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of thin films are presented. These techniques are based on the principles of the spatial Fourier spectroscopy of the light beam reflected from a prism-coupling device with the tunnel excitation of guided lightmodes in thin-film structures. Measurement techniques of determination of the absorption coefficient, refractive index and thickness of the dielectric, semiconductor or metallic films are considered. This book is highly recommended for specialists in the fields of integrated and thin film optics and for graduated students in related specialties.

Radiation in Art and Archeometry

1st Edition
May 1, 2000
D.C. Creagh + 1 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 0 0 8 0 5 4 0 1 9 1

/inca/publications/m... the coverThis book contains twenty chapters covering a wide range of research in the fields of scientific conservation of art and archaeometry. The common thread is the use of radiation in these analyses. The term "radiation" is used in the widest possible sense. The book encompasses the use of electromagnetic radiation in its microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x ray and &ggr; ray forms and the use of particulate forms such as electrons, neutrons and charged particles for which the Planck's Law relation applies. In many cases there is an interplay between the two forms: for example, proton induced x ray emission (PIXE), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As far as possible the chapters have been arranged in order of ascending particle energy. Thus it commences with the use of microwaves and finishes with the use of &ggr; rays. The authors were chosen on the basis of their expertise as practitioners of their particular field of study. This means that, for example, the mature fields of study such as the IR and UV study of paintings have been written by senior researchers, whereas for the emerging fields of synchrotron and neutron techniques the chapters have been written by talented researchers at the commencement of their careers.

Laser Ablation

1st Edition
Volume 55
August 6, 1996
E. Fogarassy + 2 more
English
eBook
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This book contains the proceedings of the largest conference ever held on this subject. The strong interest in this field is largely due to the fact that both fundamental aspects of laser-surface interaction as well as applied techniques for thin film generation and patterning were treated in detail by experts from around the world.

Ion Beam Modification of Materials

1st Edition
March 21, 1996
J.S. Williams + 2 more
English
eBook
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This conference consisted of 15 oral sessions, including three plenary papers covering areas of general interest, 22 specialist invited papers and 51 contributed presentations as well as three poster sessions. There were several scientific highlights covering a diverse spectrum of materials and ion beam processing methods. These included a wide range of conventional and novel applications such as: optical displays and opto-electronics, motor vehicle and tooling parts, coatings tailored for desired properties, studies of fundamental defect properties, the production of novel (often buried) compounds, and treating biomedical materials. The study of nanocrystals produced by ion implantation in a range of host matrices, particularly for opto-electronics applications, was one especially new and exciting development. Despite several decades of study, major progress was reported at the conference in understanding defect evolution in semiconductors and the role of defects in transient impurity diffusion. The use of implantation to tune or isolate optical devices and in forming optically active centres and waveguides in semiconductors, polymers and oxide ceramics was a major focus of several presentations at the conference. The formation of hard coatings by ion assisted deposition or direct implantation was also an area which showed much recent progress. Ion beam techniques had also developed apace, particularly those based on plasma immersion ion implantation or alternative techniques for large area surface treatment. Finally, the use of ion beams for the direct treatment of cancerous tissue was a particularly novel and interesting application of ion beams.

Principles of Laser Dynamics

1st Edition
November 24, 1995
Y.I. Khanin
English
eBook
9 7 8 0 4 4 4 5 9 8 8 7 5

This monograph summarizes major achievements in laser dynamics over the past three decades. The book begins with two introductory Chapters. Chapter 1 offers general considerations on quantum oscillators, formulates the requirements for the laser key elements and shows how these requirements are met in different laser systems. The second Chapter proposes the mathematical models used in semiclassical laser theory, discusses the approximations and simplifications in particular cases, and specifies the range of applicability of these models. In Chapters 3-5 attention is given primarily to the steady states and their stability, the laser behavior in the instability domain, the characteristics of regular and chaotic pulsations and the nature of their mechanisms.Chapter 6 deals with the processes in a laser, accompanying the time variance of laser parameters. Considerable attention is given to a laser response to weak, low-frequency modulation of the parameters. The problems addressed therein are resonant modulation enhancement, transition to the nonlinear regime, chaotic response to periodic impact, spike-like generation due to variation of the cavity geometry and a laser rod temperature drift.Laser behavior is subject to qualitative changes if its optical elements exhibit nonlinear properties. The action of a saturable absorber, which leads to a loss of laser stability and provides passive Q-modulation, is investigated. To a much lesser degree the researchers' attention has been attracted by other nonlinear effects such as self-focusing, e.g., which may have a strong influence on laser dynamics. All of these issues are covered in Chapter 7.The book is intended for researchers, engineers, graduate and post-graduate students majoring in quantum electronics.

Photorefractive Materials

1st Edition
Volume 48
March 29, 1995
G. Roosen + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 2 9 0 5 7 7

The papers presented here reflect the core of the scientific activities that took place at the 1994 E-MRS conference. The contributions indicate that the field of photorefractive materials is advancing vigorously, moving into new classes of compounds, finding ways for the judicious tailoring of the microscopic properties of the materials - based on increased insight into the features of defects or quantum wells - and leading to new applications, often made possible by the advances at the forefront of the materials. The many papers presented by European participants emphasised the large amount of work being carried out here. Stimulating contributions also came from the United States and Japan, while papers presented by members from the industrial world indicate the importance of the field in this sector.

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