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Elsevier

Books in Mathematics

The Mathematics collection presents a range of foundational and advanced research content across applied and discrete mathematics, including fields such as Computational Mathematics; Differential Equations; Linear Algebra; Modelling & Simulation; Numerical Analysis; Probability & Statistics.

  • Lattice Path Counting and Applications

    • 1st Edition
    • Gopal Mohanty
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Lattice Path Counting and Applications focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in lattice path counting and applications, including vector representation, random walks, and rank order statistics. The book first underscores the simple and general boundaries of path counting. Topics include types of diagonal steps and a correspondence, paths within general boundaries, higher dimensional paths, vector representation, compositions, and domination, recurrence and generating function method, and reflection principle. The text then examines invariance and fluctuation and random walk and rank order statistics. Discussions focus on random walks, rank order statistics, Chung-Feller theorems, and Sparre Andersen's equivalence. The manuscript takes a look at convolution identities and inverse relations and discrete distributions, queues, trees, and search codes, as well as discrete distributions and a correlated random walk, trees and search codes, convolution identities, and orthogonal relations and inversion formulas. The text is a valuable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in in lattice path counting and applications.

  • Residuation Theory

    • 1st Edition
    • T. S. Blyth + 1 more
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Residuation Theory aims to contribute to literature in the field of ordered algebraic structures, especially on the subject of residual mappings. The book is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on ordered sets; directed sets; semilattices; lattices; and complete lattices. Chapter 2 tackles Baer rings; Baer semigroups; Foulis semigroups; residual mappings; the notion of involution; and Boolean algebras. Chapter 3 covers residuated groupoids and semigroups; group homomorphic and isotone homomorphic Boolean images of ordered semigroups; Dubreil-Jacotin and Brouwer semigroups; and lolimorphisms. The book is a self-contained and unified introduction to residual mappings and its related concepts. It is applicable as a textbook and reference book for mathematicians who plan to learn more about the subject.

  • Regular Figures

    • 1st Edition
    • L. Fejes Tóth
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Regular Figures concerns the systematology and genetics of regular figures. The first part of the book deals with the classical theory of the regular figures. This topic includes description of plane ornaments, spherical arrangements, hyperbolic tessellations, polyhedral, and regular polytopes. The problem of geometry of the sphere and the two-dimensional hyperbolic space are considered. Classical theory is explained as describing all possible symmetrical groupings in different spaces of constant curvature. The second part deals with the genetics of the regular figures and the inequalities found in polygons; also presented as examples are the packing and covering problems of a given circle using the most or least number of discs. The problem of distributing n points on the sphere for these points to be placed as far as possible from each other is also discussed. The theories and problems discussed are then applied to pollen-grains, which are transported by animals or the wind. A closer look into the exterior composition of the grain shows many characteristics of uniform distribution of orifices, as well as irregular distribution. A formula that calculates such packing density is then explained. More advanced problems such as the genetics of the protean regular figures of higher spaces are also discussed. The book is ideal for physicists, mathematicians, architects, and students and professors in geometry.

  • The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 79
    • G. N. Polozhii
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 79: The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics presents the numerical solution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional boundary-value problems of mathematical physics. This book focuses on the second-order and fourth-order linear differential equations. Organized into two chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ordinary finite-difference equations and the general solutions of certain specific finite-difference equations. This text then examines the various methods of successive approximation that are used exclusively for solving finite-difference equations. This book discusses as well the established formula of summary representation for certain finite-difference operators that are associated with partial differential equations of mathematical physics. The final chapter deals with the formula of summary representation to enable the researcher to write the solution of the corresponding systems of linear algebraic equations in a simple form. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and physicists.

  • An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert A. Rankin
    • English
    International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 43: An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis discusses the various topics involved in the analysis of functions of a single real variable. The title first covers the fundamental idea and assumptions in analysis, and then proceeds to tackling the various areas in analysis, such as limits, continuity, differentiability, integration, convergence of infinite series, double series, and infinite products. The book will be most useful to undergraduate students of mathematical analysis.

  • Stochastic Calculus and Stochastic Models

    • 1st Edition
    • E. J. McShane
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Stochastic Calculus and Stochastic Models focuses on the properties, functions, and applications of stochastic integrals. The publication first ponders on stochastic integrals, existence of stochastic integrals, and continuity, chain rule, and substitution. Discussions focus on differentiation of a composite function, continuity of sample functions, existence and vanishing of stochastic integrals, canonical form, elementary properties of integrals, and the Itô-belated integral. The book then examines stochastic differential equations, including existence of solutions of stochastic differential equations, linear differential equations and their adjoints, approximation lemma, and the Cauchy-Maruyama approximation. The manuscript takes a look at equations in canonical form, as well as justification of the canonical extension in stochastic modeling; rate of convergence of approximations to solutions; comparison of ordinary and stochastic differential equations; and invariance under change of coordinates. The publication is a dependable reference for mathematicians and researchers interested in stochastic integrals.

  • The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games

    • 1st Edition
    • Bruce Abramson
    • English
    The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games deals with the expected-outcome model of two-player games, in which the relative merit of game-tree nodes, rather than board positions, is considered. The ambiguity of static evaluation and the problems it generates in the search system are examined and the development of a domain-independent static evaluator is described. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the rationale for the mathematical study of games, followed by a discussion on some previous artificial intelligence (AI) research efforts on game-trees. The next section opens with the definition of a node's expected-outcome value as the expected value of the leaves beneath it. The expected-outcome model is outlined, paying particular attention to the expected-outcome value of a game-tree node. This model was implemented on some small versions of tic-tac-toe and Othello. The book also presents results that offer strong support for both the validity of the expected-outcome model and the rationality of its underlying assumptions. This monograph is intended for specialists in AI and computer science.

  • Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Peter Lancaster
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems presents aspects and solutions to problems concerned with linear vibrating systems with a finite degrees of freedom and the theory of matrices. The book discusses some parts of the theory of matrices that will account for the solutions of the problems. The text starts with an outline of matrix theory, and some theorems are proved. The Jordan canonical form is also applied to understand the structure of square matrices. Classical theorems are discussed further by applying the Jordan canonical form, the Rayleigh quotient, and simple matrix pencils with latent vectors in common. The book then expounds on Lambda matrices and on some numerical methods for Lambda matrices. These methods explain developments of known approximations and rates of convergence. The text then addresses general solutions for simultaneous ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. The results of some of the studies are then applied to the theory of vibration by applying the Lagrange method for formulating equations of motion, after the formula establishing the energies and dissipation functions are completed. The book describes the theory of resonance testing using the stationary phase method, where the test is carried out by applying certain forces to the structure being studied, and the amplitude of response in the structure is measured. The book also discusses other difficult problems. The text can be used by physicists, engineers, mathematicians, and designers of industrial equipment that incorporates motion in the design.

  • Foundations of Stochastic Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • M. M. Rao
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Foundations of Stochastic Analysis deals with the foundations of the theory of Kolmogorov and Bochner and its impact on the growth of stochastic analysis. Topics covered range from conditional expectations and probabilities to projective and direct limits, as well as martingales and likelihood ratios. Abstract martingales and their applications are also discussed. Comprised of five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic Kolmogorov-Bochner theorem, followed by a discussion on conditional expectations and probabilities containing several characterizations of operators and measures. The applications of these conditional expectations and probabilities to Reynolds operators are also considered. The reader is then introduced to projective limits, direct limits, and a generalized Kolmogorov existence theorem, along with infinite product conditional probability measures. The book also considers martingales and their applications to likelihood ratios before concluding with a description of abstract martingales and their applications to convergence and harmonic analysis, as well as their relation to ergodic theory. This monograph should be of considerable interest to researchers and graduate students working in stochastic analysis.

  • Analytical Quadrics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Barry Spain
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Analytical Quadrics focuses on the analytical geometry of three dimensions. The book first discusses the theory of the plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, straight line, and central quadrics in their standard forms. The idea of the plane at infinity is introduced through the homogenous Cartesian coordinates and applied to the nature of the intersection of three planes and to the circular sections of quadrics. The text also focuses on paraboloid, including polar properties, center of a section, axes of plane section, and generators of hyperbolic paraboloid. The book also touches on homogenous coordinates. Concerns include intersection of three planes; circular sections of central quadric; straight line; and circle at infinity. The book also discusses general quadric and classification and reduction of quadric. Discussions also focus on linear systems of quadrics and plane-coordinates. The text is a valuable reference for readers interested in the analytical geometry of three dimensions.

  • Martingale Limit Theory and Its Application

    • 1st Edition
    • P. Hall + 1 more
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Martingale Limit Theory and Its Application discusses the asymptotic properties of martingales, particularly as regards key prototype of probabilistic behavior that has wide applications. The book explains the thesis that martingale theory is central to probability theory, and also examines the relationships between martingales and processes embeddable in or approximated by Brownian motion. The text reviews the martingale convergence theorem, the classical limit theory and analogs, and the martingale limit theorems viewed as the rate of convergence results in the martingale convergence theorem. The book explains the square function inequalities, weak law of large numbers, as well as the strong law of large numbers. The text discusses the reverse martingales, martingale tail sums, the invariance principles in the central limit theorem, and also the law of the iterated logarithm. The book investigates the limit theory for stationary processes via corresponding results for approximating martingales and the estimation of parameters from stochastic processes. The text can be profitably used as a reference for mathematicians, advanced students, and professors of higher mathematics or statistics.

  • Nonparametric Functional Estimation

    • 1st Edition
    • B. L. S. Prakasa Rao
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Nonparametric Functional Estimation is a compendium of papers, written by experts, in the area of nonparametric functional estimation. This book attempts to be exhaustive in nature and is written both for specialists in the area as well as for students of statistics taking courses at the postgraduate level. The main emphasis throughout the book is on the discussion of several methods of estimation and on the study of their large sample properties. Chapters are devoted to topics on estimation of density and related functions, the application of density estimation to classification problems, and the different facets of estimation of distribution functions. Statisticians and students of statistics and engineering will find the text very useful.

  • Theory of Automata

    • 1st Edition
    • Arto Salomaa
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Theory of Automata deals with mathematical aspects of the theory of automata theory, with emphasis on the finite deterministic automaton as the basic model. All other models, such as finite non-deterministic and probabilistic automata as well as pushdown and linear bounded automata, are treated as generalizations of this basic model. The formalism chosen to describe finite deterministic automata is that of regular expressions. A detailed exposition regarding this formalism is presented by considering the algebra of regular expressions. This volume is comprised of four chapters and begins with a discussion on finite deterministic automata, paying particular attention to regular and finite languages; analysis and synthesis theorems; equivalence relations induced by languages; sequential machines; sequential functions and relations; definite languages and non-initial automata; and two-way automata. The next chapter describes finite non-deterministic and probabilistic automata and covers theorems concerning stochastic languages; non-regular stochastic languages; and probabilistic sequential machines. The book then introduces the reader to the algebra of regular expressions before concluding with a chapter on formal languages and generalized automata. Theoretical exercises are included, along with ""problems"" at the end of some sections. This monograph will be a useful resource for beginning graduate or advanced undergraduates of mathematics.

  • Measure and Integral

    • 1st Edition
    • Konrad Jacobs
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Measure and Integral provides information pertinent to the general mathematical notions and notations. This book discusses how the machinery of ?-extension works and how ?-content is derived from ?-measure. Organized into 16 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classical Hahn–Banach theorem and introduces the Banach limits in the form of a major exercise. This text then presents the Daniell extension theory for positive ?-measures. Other chapters consider the transform of ?-contents and ?-measures by measurable mappings and kernels. This text is also devoted to a thorough study of the vector lattice of signed contents. This book discusses as well an abstract regularity theory and applied to the standard cases of compact, locally compact, and Polish spaces. The final chapter deals with the rudiments of the Krein–Milman theorem, along with some of their applications. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students.

  • Elements of Analytical Dynamics

    • 1st Edition
    • Rudolph Kurth
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Elements of Analytical Dynamics deals with dynamics, which studies the relationship between motion of material bodies and the forces acting on them. This book is a compilation of lectures given by the author at the Georgia and Institute of Technology and formed a part of a course in Topological Dynamics. The book begins by discussing the notions of space and time and their basic properties. It then discusses the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and Hamilton's principle and first integrals. The text concludes with a discussion on Jacobi's geometric interpretation of conservative systems. This book will be of direct use to graduate students of Mathematics with minimal background in Theoretical Mechanics.

  • TREAT

    A New and Efficient Match Algorithm for AI Production System
    • 1st Edition
    • Daniel P. Miranker
    • English
    TREAT: A New and Efficient Match Algorithm for AI Production Systems describes the architecture and software systems embodying the DADO machine, a parallel tree-structured computer designed to provide significant performance improvements over serial computers of comparable hardware complexity in the execution of large expert systems implemented in production system form. This book focuses on TREAT as a match algorithm for executing production systems that is presented and comparatively analyzed with the RETE match algorithm. TREAT, originally designed specifically for the DADO machine architecture, handles efficiently both temporally redundant and non-temporally redundant production system programs. This publication is suitable for developers and specialists interested in match algorithms for AI production systems.

  • Introduction to Set Theory and Topology

    • 2nd Edition
    • Kazimierz Kuratowski
    • I. S. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Introduction to Set Theory and Topology describes the fundamental concepts of set theory and topology as well as its applicability to analysis, geometry, and other branches of mathematics, including algebra and probability theory. Concepts such as inverse limit, lattice, ideal, filter, commutative diagram, quotient-spaces, completely regular spaces, quasicomponents, and cartesian products of topological spaces are considered. This volume consists of 21 chapters organized into two sections and begins with an introduction to set theory, with emphasis on the propositional calculus and its application to propositions each having one of two logical values, 0 and 1. Operations on sets which are analogous to arithmetic operations are also discussed. The chapters that follow focus on the mapping concept, the power of a set, operations on cardinal numbers, order relations, and well ordering. The section on topology explores metric and topological spaces, continuous mappings, cartesian products, and other spaces such as spaces with a countable base, complete spaces, compact spaces, and connected spaces. The concept of dimension, simplexes and their properties, and cuttings of the plane are also analyzed. This book is intended for students and teachers of mathematics.

  • Homology Theory on Algebraic Varieties

    • 1st Edition
    • Andrew H. Wallace
    • I. N. Sneddon
    • English
    Homology Theory on Algebraic Varieties, Volume 6 deals with the principles of homology theory in algebraic geometry and includes the main theorems first formulated by Lefschetz, one of which is interpreted in terms of relative homology and another concerns the Poincaré formula. The actual details of the proofs of these theorems are introduced by geometrical descriptions, sometimes aided with diagrams. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on linear sections of an algebraic variety, with emphasis on the fibring of a variety defined over the complex numbers. The next two chapters focus on singular sections and hyperplane sections, focusing on the choice of a pencil in the latter case. The reader is then introduced to Lefschetz's first and second theorems, together with their corresponding proofs. The Poincaré formula and its proof are also presented, with particular reference to clockwise and anti-clockwise isomorphisms. The final chapter is devoted to invariant cycles and relative cycles. This volume will be of interest to students, teachers, and practitioners of pure and applied mathematics.

  • Multivariate Statistical Inference

    • 1st Edition
    • Narayan C. Giri
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Multivariate Statistical Inference is a 10-chapter text that covers the theoretical and applied aspects of multivariate analysis, specifically the multivariate normal distribution using the invariance approach. Chapter I contains some special results regarding characteristic roots and vectors, and partitioned submatrices of real and complex matrices, as well as some special theorems on real and complex matrices useful in multivariate analysis. Chapter II deals with the theory of groups and related results that are useful for the development of invariant statistical test procedures, including the Jacobians of some specific transformations that are useful for deriving multivariate sampling distributions. Chapter III is devoted to basic notions of multivariate distributions and the principle of invariance in statistical testing of hypotheses. Chapters IV and V deal with the study of the real multivariate normal distribution through the probability density function and through a simple characterization and the maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the multivariate normal distribution and their optimum properties. Chapter VI tackles a systematic derivation of basic multivariate sampling distributions for the real case, while Chapter VII explores the tests and confidence regions of mean vectors of multivariate normal populations with known and unknown covariance matrices and their optimum properties. Chapter VIII is devoted to a systematic derivation of tests concerning covariance matrices and mean vectors of multivariate normal populations and to the study of their optimum properties. Chapters IX and X look into a treatment of discriminant analysis and the different covariance models and their analysis for the multivariate normal distribution. These chapters also deal with the principal components, factor models, canonical correlations, and time series. This book will prove useful to statisticians, mathematicians, and advance mathematics students.

  • The Algebraic Theory of Switching Circuits

    • 1st Edition
    • Gr. C. Moisil
    • English
    The Algebraic Theory of Switching Circuits covers the application of various algebraic tools to the delineation of the algebraic theory of switching circuits for automation with contacts and relays. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 31 chapters. Part I deals with the principles and application of Boolean algebra and the theory of finite fields (Galois fields). Part II emphasizes the importance of the sequential operation of the automata and the variables associated to the current and to the contacts. This part also tackles the recurrence relations that describe operations of the network and the principles of the so-called characteristic equations. Part III reviews the study of networks with secondary elements other than ordinary relays, while Part IV focuses on the fundamentals and application of multi-position contacts. Part V considers several topics related to circuit with electronic elements, including triodes, pentodes, transistors, and cryotrons. This book will be of great value to practicing engineers, mathematicians, and workers in the field of computers.

  • Mathematical Statistics

    A Decision Theoretic Approach
    • 1st Edition
    • Thomas S. Ferguson
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Mathematical Statistics: A Decision Theoretic Approach presents an investigation of the extent to which problems of mathematical statistics may be treated by decision theory approach. This book deals with statistical theory that could be justified from a decision-theoretic viewpoint. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the elements of decision theory that are similar to those of the theory of games. This text then examines the main theorems of decision theory that involve two more notions, namely the admissibility of a decision rule and the completeness of a class of decision rules. Other chapters consider the development of theorems in decision theory that are valid in general situations. This book discusses as well the invariance principle that involves groups of transformations over the three spaces around which decision theory is built. The final chapter deals with sequential decision problems. This book is a valuable resource for first-year graduate students in mathematics.

  • Lie Algebras

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 104
    • Zhe-Xian Wan
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Lie Algebras is based on lectures given by the author at the Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica. This book discusses the fundamentals of the Lie algebras theory formulated by S. Lie. The author explains that Lie algebras are algebraic structures employed when one studies Lie groups. The book also explains Engel's theorem, nilpotent linear Lie algebras, as well as the existence of Cartan subalgebras and their conjugacy. The text also addresses the Cartan decompositions and root systems of semi-simple Lie algebras and the dependence of structure of semi-simple Lie algebras on root systems. The text explains in details the fundamental systems of roots of semi simple Lie algebras and Weyl groups including the properties of the latter. The book addresses the group of automorphisms and the derivation algebra of a Lie algebra and Schur's lemma. The book then shows the characters of irreducible representations of semi simple Lie algebras. This book can be useful for students in advance algebra or who have a background in linear algebra.

  • Multidimensional Singular Integrals and Integral Equations

    • 1st Edition
    • S. G. Mikhlin
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Multidimensional Singular Integrals and Integral Equations presents the results of the theory of multidimensional singular integrals and of equations containing such integrals. Emphasis is on singular integrals taken over Euclidean space or in the closed manifold of Liapounov and equations containing such integrals. This volume is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of some theorems on linear equations in Banach spaces, followed by a discussion on the simplest properties of multidimensional singular integrals. Subsequent chapters deal with compounding of singular integrals; properties of the symbol, with particular reference to Fourier transform of a kernel and the symbol of a singular operator; singular integrals in Lp spaces; and singular integral equations. The differentiation of integrals with a weak singularity is also considered, along with the rule for the multiplication of the symbols in the general case. The final chapter describes several applications of multidimensional singular integral equations to boundary problems in mathematical physics. This book will be of interest to mathematicians and students of mathematics.

  • Boundary Value Problems

    • 1st Edition
    • F. D. Gakhov
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Boundary Value Problems is a translation from the Russian of lectures given at Kazan and Rostov Universities, dealing with the theory of boundary value problems for analytic functions. The emphasis of the book is on the solution of singular integral equations with Cauchy and Hilbert kernels. Although the book treats the theory of boundary value problems, emphasis is on linear problems with one unknown function. The definition of the Cauchy type integral, examples, limiting values, behavior, and its principal value are explained. The Riemann boundary value problem is emphasized in considering the theory of boundary value problems of analytic functions. The book then analyzes the application of the Riemann boundary value problem as applied to singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel. A second fundamental boundary value problem of analytic functions is the Hilbert problem with a Hilbert kernel; the application of the Hilbert problem is also evaluated. The use of Sokhotski's formulas for certain integral analysis is explained and equations with logarithmic kernels and kernels with a weak power singularity are solved. The chapters in the book all end with some historical briefs, to give a background of the problem(s) discussed. The book will be very valuable to mathematicians, students, and professors in advanced mathematics and geometrical functions.

  • Lectures in General Algebra

    • 1st Edition
    • A. G. Kurosh
    • I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
    • English
    Lectures in General Algebra is a translation from the Russian and is based on lectures on specialized courses in general algebra at Moscow University. The book starts with the basics of algebra. The text briefly describes the theory of sets, binary relations, equivalence relations, partial ordering, minimum condition, and theorems equivalent to the axiom of choice. The text gives the definition of binary algebraic operation and the concepts of groups, groupoids, and semigroups. The book examines the parallelism between the theory of groups and the theory of rings; such examinations show the convenience of constructing a single theory from the results of group experiments and ring experiments which are known to follow simple corollaries. The text also presents algebraic structures that are not of binary nature. From this parallelism arise other concepts, such as that of the lattices, complete lattices, and modular lattices. The book then proves the Schmidt-Ore theorem, and also describes linear algebra, as well as the Birkhoff-Witt theorem on Lie algebras. The text also addresses ordered groups, the Archimedean groups and rings, and Albert's theorem on normed algebras. This book can prove useful for algebra students and for professors of algebra and advanced mathematicians.

  • Classical and Modern Integration Theories

    • 1st Edition
    • Ivan N. Pesin
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Classical and Modern Integration Theories discusses classical integration theory, particularly that part of the theory directly associated with the problems of area. The book reviews the history and the determination of primitive functions, beginning from Cauchy to Daniell. The text describes Cauchy's definition of an integral, Riemann's definition of the R-integral, the upper and lower Darboux integrals. The book also reviews the origin of the Lebesgue-Young integration theory, and Borel's postulates that define measures of sets. W.H. Young's work provides a construction of the integral equivalent to Lebesque's construction with a different generalization of integrals leading to different approaches in solutions. Young's investigations aim at generalizing the notion of length for arbitrary sets by means of a process which is more general than Borel's postulates. The text notes that the Lebesgue measure is the unique solution of the measure problem for the class of L-measurable sets. The book also describes further modifications made into the Lebesgue definition of the integral by Riesz, Pierpont, Denjoy, Borel, and Young. These modifications bring the Lebesgue definition of the integral closer to the Riemann or Darboux definitions, as well as to have it associated with the concepts of classical analysis. The book can benefit mathematicians, students, and professors in calculus or readers interested in the history of classical mathematics.

  • Fourier Transforms of Distributions and Their Inverses

    A Collection of Tables
    • 1st Edition
    • Fritz Oberhettinger
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Fourier Transforms of Distributions and Their Inverses: A Collection of Tables is a collection of tables on the integrals of Fourier transforms of distributions and their inverses involving the class of functions which are nonnegative and integrable over the interval. The emphasis is on the probability densities, and a number of examples are provided. This book is organized into two parts and begins with an introduction to those properties of characteristic functions which are important in probability theory, followed by a description of the tables and their use. The first three tables contain Fourier transforms of absolutely continuous distribution functions, namely, even functions (including Legendre functions); functions vanishing identically for negative values of the argument (including arbitrary powers); and functions that do not belong to either of the above classes. The transform pairs are numbered consecutively and arranged systematically according to the analytical character of the frequency function. The next two tables give the inverse transforms of the functions listed in the first and third tables, respectively. This monograph will appeal to students and specialists in the fields of probability and mathematical statistics.

  • Probability Algebras and Stochastic Spaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Demetrios A. Kappos
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability Algebras and Stochastic Spaces explores the fundamental notions of probability theory in the so-called “point-free” way. The space of all elementary random variables defined over a probability algebra in a “point-free” way is a base for the stochastic space of all random variables, which can be obtained from it by lattice-theoretic extension processes. This book is composed of eight chapters and begins with discussions of the definition, properties, scope, and extension of probability algebras. The succeeding chapters deal with the Cartesian product of probability algebras and the principles of stochastic spaces. These topics are followed by surveys of the expectation, moments, and spaces of random variables. The final chapters define generalized random variables and the Boolean homomorphisms of these variables. This book will be of great value to mathematicians and advance mathematics students.

  • Probabilistic Programming

    • 1st Edition
    • S. Vajda
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probabilistic Programming discusses a high-level language known as probabilistic programming. This book consists of three chapters. Chapter I deals with “wait-and-see” problems that require waiting until an observation is made on the random elements, while Chapter II contains the analysis of decision problems, particularly of so-called two-stage problems. The last chapter focuses on “chance constraints,” such as constraints that are not expected to be always satisfied, but only in a proportion of cases or “with given probabilities.” This text specifically deliberates the decision regions for optimality, probability distributions, Kall's Theorem, and two-stage programming under uncertainty. The complete problem, active approach, quantile rules, randomized decisions, and nonzero order rules are also covered. This publication is suitable for developers aiming to define and automatically solve probability models.

  • Stochastic Convergence

    • 2nd Edition
    • Eugene Lukacs
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Stochastic Convergence, Second Edition covers the theoretical aspects of random power series dealing with convergence problems. This edition contains eight chapters and starts with an introduction to the basic concepts of stochastic convergence. The succeeding chapters deal with infinite sequences of random variables and their convergences, as well as the consideration of certain sets of random variables as a space. These topics are followed by discussions of the infinite series of random variables, specifically the lemmas of Borel-Cantelli and the zero-one laws. Other chapters evaluate the power series whose coefficients are random variables, the stochastic integrals and derivatives, and the characteristics of the normal distribution of infinite sums of random variables. The last chapter discusses the characterization of the Wiener process and of stable processes. This book will prove useful to mathematicians and advance mathematics students.

  • Statistics of Directional Data

    • 1st Edition
    • K. V. Mardia
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks: Statistics of Directional Data aims to provide a systematic account of statistical theory and methodology for observations which are directions. The publication first elaborates on angular data and frequency distributions, descriptive measures, and basic concepts and theoretical models. Discussions focus on moments and measures of location and dispersion, distribution function, corrections for grouping, calculation of the mean direction and the circular variance, interrelations between different units of angular measurement, and diagrammatical representation. The book then examines fundamental theorems and distribution theory, point estimation, and tests for samples from von Mises populations. The text takes a look at non-parametric tests, distributions on spheres, and inference problems on the sphere. Topics include tests for axial data, point estimation, distribution theory, moments and limiting distributions, and tests of goodness of fit and tests of uniformity. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in probability and mathematical statistics.

  • Probability Theory

    A Historical Sketch
    • 1st Edition
    • L. E. Maistrov
    • Samuel Kotz
    • English
    Probability Theory: A Historical Sketch covers the probability theory, mainly axiomatization problems. The book discusses the prehistory of the probability theory; the first stage in the development of probability theory; and the development of probability theory to the middle of the 19th century. The text also describes the probability theory in the second half of the 19th century; and the axiomatic foundations of the probability theory. Historians and mathematicians will find the book invaluable.

  • Tables of the Function w (z)- e-z2 ? ex2 dx

    Mathematical Tables Series, Vol. 27
    • 1st Edition
    • K. A. Karpov
    • English
    Tables of the Function w(z) = e-z2 z?0ex2dx in the Complex Domain contains tables of the function in connection with the problem of the radio wave propagation. These tables are compiled in the Experimental-Computi... Laboratories of the Institute of Exact Mechanics and Computational Methods of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. The function w(z) is represented in the upper half-plane by the asymptotic series. Description of the tables and method of computation is provided. This book will prove useful to mathematicians and researchers.

  • Probability Measures on Metric Spaces

    • 1st Edition
    • K. R. Parthasarathy
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Probability Measures on Metric Spaces presents the general theory of probability measures in abstract metric spaces. This book deals with complete separable metric groups, locally impact abelian groups, Hilbert spaces, and the spaces of continuous functions. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of isomorphism theorem, which states that two Borel subsets of complete separable metric spaces are isomorphic if and only if they have the same cardinality. This text then deals with properties such as tightness, regularity, and perfectness of measures defined on metric spaces. Other chapters consider the arithmetic of probability distributions in topological groups. This book discusses as well the proofs of the classical extension theorems and existence of conditional and regular conditional probabilities in standard Borel spaces. The final chapter deals with the compactness criteria for sets of probability measures and their applications to testing statistical hypotheses. This book is a valuable resource for statisticians.

  • Real Analysis and Probability

    Probability and Mathematical Statistics: A Series of Monographs and Textbooks
    • 1st Edition
    • Robert B. Ash
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Real Analysis and Probability provides the background in real analysis needed for the study of probability. Topics covered range from measure and integration theory to functional analysis and basic concepts of probability. The interplay between measure theory and topology is also discussed, along with conditional probability and expectation, the central limit theorem, and strong laws of large numbers with respect to martingale theory. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the basic concepts of the theory of measure and integration, followed by a presentation of various applications of the basic integration theory. The reader is then introduced to functional analysis, with emphasis on structures that can be defined on vector spaces. Subsequent chapters focus on the connection between measure theory and topology; basic concepts of probability; and conditional probability and expectation. Strong laws of large numbers are also examined, first from the classical viewpoint, and then via martingale theory. The final chapter is devoted to the one-dimensional central limit problem, paying particular attention to the fundamental role of Prokhorov's weak compactness theorem. This book is intended primarily for students taking a graduate course in probability.

  • Fixed Effects Analysis of Variance

    • 1st Edition
    • Lloyd Fisher + 1 more
    • Z. W. Birnbaum + 1 more
    • English
    Fixed Effects Analysis of Variance covers the mathematical theory of the fixed effects analysis of variance. The book discusses the theoretical ideas and some applications of the analysis of variance. The text then describes topics such as the t-test; two-sample t-test; the k-sample comparison of means (one-way analysis of variance); the balanced two-way factorial design without interaction; estimation and factorial designs; and the Latin square. Confidence sets, simultaneous confidence intervals, and multiple comparisons; orthogonal and nonorthologonal designs; and multiple regression analysis and related matters are also encompassed. Mathematicians, statisticians, and students taking related courses will find the book useful.

  • The Retinoids: v. 2

    • 1st Edition
    • BAERT ET BAERT ET AL
    • English
    The Retinoids is a collection of papers that deals with the biochemistry and metabolism of the retinoids and of specific retinoid-binding proteins that are found in plasma and in cells. Some papers describes the biosynthesis and metabolism of retinol, with plasma retinol-binding protein, with intracellular retinoid-binding proteins, as well as with the metabolism and role of retinoids in the eye. Other papers review the metabolism of retinoic acid and synthetic retinoids, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of the retinoids, and applied biology of the retinoids. Several papers discuss toxicology, teratology, immunology, and the applications of retinoids in the fields of cancer and dermatology. One paper describes the transport of retinoic acid and other acidic retinoids in plasma in association with serum albumin. Another paper hypothesizes that vitamin A affects differentiation at the cellular level and addresses how tissue specificity of this action can arise. One paper examines the role of retinoid-binding proteins in vertebrate visual system, particularly how these proteins transport retinoids in the serum, cell sap, and interstitial spaces of the eye. The collection can prove useful for biologists, microbiologists, cellular biologists, students and professors of biology, oncology, ophthalmology or dermatology.

  • Developments in Statistics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Paruchuri R. Krishnaiah
    • English
    Development in Statistics, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that deals with one- and two- dimensional structures, the statistical theory of linear systems, bispectra, and energy transfer in grid-generated turbulence. Several papers discuss simultaneous test procedures, stochastic Markovian fields, as well as the stopping of invariant sequential probability ratio tests. One paper examines the relationships between excitation and response statistics for one-dimensional structures, and then as extended to two-dimensional structures. The special features issuing from these extensions are related to simple supported rectangular and square plates excited by a stationary random force applied at a single point. Another paper discuses the relationship between the measurable bispectra and the one-dimensional energy transfer terms, and which bispectra will vanish in an isotropic turbulent flow field. One paper reviews simultaneous test procedures, including the evaluation of the probability integrals of multivariates, multivariate gamma distributions, distributions of correlated quadratic forms. Another paper analyzes two concerns regarding the random sample size N, also known as stopping time. These are if N is finite with a probability of one, or the rate that the tail probabilities in the distribution of N go to zero. Mathematicians, statisticians, students, and professors of calculus or advanced mathematics will surely appreciate the collection.

  • Mathematical Problems and Puzzles

    from the Polish Mathematical Olympiads
    • 1st Edition
    • S. Straszewicz
    • I. N. Sneddon + 1 more
    • English
    Popular Lectures in Mathematics, Volume 12: Mathematical Problems and Puzzles: From the Polish Mathematical Olympiads contains sample problems from various fields of mathematics, including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. The contest for secondary school pupils known as the Mathematical Olympiad has been held in Poland every year since 1949/50. This book is composed of two main parts. Part I considers the problems and solutions about integers, polynomials, algebraic fractions and irrational experience. Part II focuses on the problems of geometry and trigonometric transformation, along with their solutions. The provided solutions aim to extend the student’s knowledge of mathematics and train them in mathematical thinking. This book will prove useful to secondary school mathematics teachers and students.

  • Finite Elements for Analysis and Design

    Computational Mathematics and Applications Series
    • 1st Edition
    • J. E. Akin
    • English
    The finite element method (FEM) is an analysis tool for problem-solving used throughout applied mathematics, engineering, and scientific computing. Finite Elements for Analysis and Design provides a thoroughlyrevised and up-to-date account of this important tool and its numerous applications, with added emphasis on basic theory. Numerous worked examples are included to illustrate the material.

  • Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations

    • 3rd Edition
    • William F. Ames
    • English
    This volume is designed as an introduction to the concepts of modern numerical analysis as they apply to partial differential equations. The book contains many practical problems and their solutions, but at the same time, strives to expose the pitfalls--such as overstability, consistency requirements, and the danger of extrapolation to nonlinear problems methods used on linear problems. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, Third Edition reflects the great accomplishments that have taken place in scientific computation in the fifteen years since the Second Edition was published. This new edition is a drastic revision of the previous one, with new material on boundary elements, spectral methods, the methods of lines, and invariant methods. At the same time, the new edition retains the self-contained nature of the older version, and shares the clarity of its exposition and the integrity of its presentation.

  • Wavelets

    Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • Laura Montefusco + 1 more
    • English
    Wavelets: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications is the fifth volume in the highly respected series, WAVELET ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS. This volume shows why wavelet analysis has become a tool of choice infields ranging from image compression, to signal detection and analysis in electrical engineering and geophysics, to analysis of turbulent or intermittent processes. The 28 papers comprising this volume are organized into seven subject areas: multiresolution analysis, wavelet transforms, tools for time-frequency analysis, wavelets and fractals, numerical methods and algorithms, and applications. More than 135 figures supplement the text.

  • System-Theoretic Methods in Economic Modelling I

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 19
    • S. Mittnik
    • English
    The value of applying system-theoretic concepts to economic modelling problems arises from the fact that it offers a unifying framework for modelling dynamic systems. In addition to offering this powerful conceptual framework, it provides a wide range of tools useful in applied work. System-theoretic techniques enter predominantly two stages of economic modelling efforts: the stage of model construction and the stage of model application in accordance with the modelling. The objective of this and subsequent volumes on System-Theoretic Methods in Economic Modelling I is to initiate and/or intensify dialogues between researchers and practitioners within and across the disciplines involved. This first volume brings together papers exhibiting a wide range of system-theoretic techniques and applications to economic problems. The papers have been divided into two groups, following roughly--but not necessarily--the above classification into the construction and application stages of economic modelling. The papers in the first group focus on the identification of dynamic and static systems, while the papers in the second group address dynamic optimization problems.

  • A Course in Probability Theory

    • 2nd Edition
    • Kai Lai Chung
    • English
    This book contains about 500 exercises consisting mostly of special cases and examples, second thoughts and alternative arguments, natural extensions, and some novel departures. With a few obvious exceptions they are neither profound nor trivial, and hints and comments are appended to many of them. If they tend to be somewhat inbred, at least they are relevant to the text and should help in its digestion. As a bold venture I have marked a few of them with a * to indicate a "must", although no rigid standard of selection has been used. Some of these are needed in the book, but in any case the reader's study of the text will be more complete after he has tried at least those problems.

  • Computational Morphology

    A Computational Geometric Approach to the Analysis of Form
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • G.T. Toussaint
    • English
    Computational Geometry is a new discipline of computer science that deals with the design and analysis of algorithms for solving geometric problems. There are many areas of study in different disciplines which, while being of a geometric nature, have as their main component the extraction of a description of the shape or form of the input data. This notion is more imprecise and subjective than pure geometry. Such fields include cluster analysis in statistics, computer vision and pattern recognition, and the measurement of form and form-change in such areas as stereology and developmental biology.This volume is concerned with a new approach to the study of shape and form in these areas. Computational morphology is thus concerned with the treatment of morphology from the computational geometry point of view. This point of view is more formal, elegant, procedure-oriented, and clear than many previous approaches to the problem and often yields algorithms that are easier to program and have lower complexity.

  • System-Theoretic Methods in Economic Modelling II

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 22
    • S. Mittnik
    • English
    System-Theoretic Methods in Economic Modelling II complements the editor's earlier volume, bringing together current research efforts integrating system-theoretic concepts with economic modelling processes. The range of papers presented here goes beyond the long-accepted control-theoretic contributions in dynamic optimization and focuses on system-theoretic methods in the construction as well as the application stages of economic modelling. This volume initiates new and intensifies existing debate between researchers and practitioners within and across the disciplines involved, with the objective of encouraging interdisciplinary research. The papers are split into four sections - estimation, filtering and smoothing problems in the context of state space modelling; applying the state space concept to financial modelling; modelling rational expectation; and a miscellaneous section including a follow-up case study by Tse and Khilnani on their integrated system model for a fishery management process, which featured in the first volume.

  • Pursuit-Evasion Differential Games

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 14
    • Y. Yavin + 1 more
    • English
    Twenty papers are devoted to the treatment of a wide spectrum of problems in the theory and applications of dynamic games with the emphasis on pursuit-evasion differential games. The problem of capturability is thoroughly investigated, also the problem of noise-corrupted (state) measurements. Attention is given to aerial combat problems and their attendant modelling issues, such as variable speed of the combatants, the three-dimensionality of physical space, and the combat problem, i.e. problems related to 'role determination'.

  • Curves and Surfaces for Computer-Aided Geometric Design

    A Practical Guide
    • 3rd Edition
    • Gerald Farin
    • English
    A leading expert in CAGD, Gerald Farin covers the representation, manipulation, and evaluation of geometric shapes in this the Third Edition of Curves and Surfaces for Computer Aided Geometric Design. The book offers an introduction to the field that emphasizes Bernstein-Bezier methods and presents subjects in an informal, readable style, making this an ideal text for an introductory course at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level.The Third Edition includes a new chapter on Topology, offers new exercises and sections within most chapters, combines the material on Geometric Continuity into one chapter, and updates existing materials and references. Implementation techniques are addressed for practitioners by the inclusion of new C programs for many of the fundamental algorithms. The C programs are available on a disk included with the text. System Requirements:IBM PC or compatibles, DOS version 2.0 or higher.

  • Statistical Methods in Longitudinal Research

    Principles and Structuring Change
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • Alexander von Eye
    • English
    These edited volumes present new statistical methods in a way that bridges the gap between theoretical and applied statistics. The volumes cover general problems and issues and more specific topics concerning the structuring of change, the analysis of time series, and the analysis of categorical longitudinal data. The book targets students of development and change in a variety of fields - psychology, sociology, anthropology, education, medicine, psychiatry, economics, behavioural sciences, developmental psychology, ecology, plant physiology, and biometry - with basic training in statistics and computing.

  • Machine Intelligence and Pattern Recognition

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 2
    • Godfried T. Toussaint
    • English
    Machine Intelligence and Pattern Recognition, Volume 2: Computational Geometry focuses on the operations, processes, methodologies, and approaches involved in computational geometry, including algorithms, polygons, convex hulls, and bucketing techniques. The selection first ponders on optimal parallel algorithms for selection, sorting, and computing convex hulls, simple on-line algorithms for convex polygons, and geometric algorithms that use the furthest-point Voronoi diagram. Discussions focus on algorithms that use the furthest-point Voronoi diagram, intersection of a convex polygon and a halfplane, point insertion, convex hulls and polygons and their representations, and parallel algorithm for selection and computing convex hulls. The text then examines optimal convex decompositions, expected time analysis of algorithms in computational geometry, and practical use of bucketing techniques in computational geometry. The book takes a look at minimum decompositions of polygonal objects, framework for computational morphology, display of visible edges of a set of convex polygons, and implementation study of two algorithms for the minimum spanning circle problem. Topics include rolling algorithm, shape of point sets, and decomposition of rectilinear and simple polygons and polygons with holes. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in computational geometry.

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