Intensification of Gasification of Biomass and Waste for Hydrogen Production presents current developments and challenges for non-coal gasification and the state-of-the-art of technologies for green hydrogen production from waste and residues. The book expertly brings together waste biomass gasification with the production of hydrogen and liquid fuels, process integration, intensification, and techno-economics, providing a vital guide to green hydrogen production. Users will find this to be a comprehensive reference on the production of green hydrogen through waste gasification that will be invaluable to graduate students, researchers, and industry engineers.Taking a whole plant unit approach, the book takes the reader through each stage of biomass gasification for the production and refining of hydrogen. The parameters affecting the properties of producer gases are discussed and evaluated, such as types of feedstocks, pre-treatment methods, types of gasifiers, gasifying agents, and operating conditions. Hydrogen purification and gas cleaning are also explained. The latest developments in process intensification and integration are critically reviewed, and the practical challenges and limitations of each method is discussed.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Science and Engineering: Fundamentals, Materials, and Technologies is a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of solid oxide fuel cells. In addition to systematically reviewing the science and technologies of solid oxide fuel cells, the book provides numerical simulations, engineering applications and other important guidance on the commercialization and engineering of solid oxide fuel cells. The opening chapters of the book systematically explain the fundamentals, key emerging materials and technologies of solid oxide fuel cells, including surface chemistry and segregation, and oxygen reduction and fuel (such as hydrogen) oxidation reactions.It then examines the latest developments of cathode and anode materials as well as the robust nanostructured electrodes fabricated by innovative approaches such as exsolution for efficient and durable solid oxide fuel cells. The development of solid oxide fuel cells stacks and systems are also explained within the context of practical application. Finally, the book critically evaluates the development and fundamental issues of reversible solid oxide cells, as a promising technology for energy storage and regeneration. Throughout the book, there is a focus on increasing the theoretical and practical efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells, such as by activity/stability towards high power densities and increasing device lifetimes for commercialization.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Concept, Methods, and Challenges provides a concise guide to the modeling of PEM fuel cells. The book offers detailed methodologies, codes, and algorithms on every aspect of PEM fuel cells, from cold start to degradation. Chapters cover the development, basic principles, and components of PEM fuel cells, discuss the transport phenomena and mathematical formulation of macro-scale PEM fuel cell models, single cell and stack-level models, and model validation, and explain multi-phase transport modeling in PEM fuel cells, including different multiphase models like flow in gas flow channels, porous electrodes, and multi-phase model validation.The book also addresses multiphase mixture formulation, finite-volume, direct numerical simulation, Lattice Boltzmann, and pore network models, along with a section on modeling the cold start process of PEM fuel cells, including the non-isothermal transient cold start model, reduced-dimensional transient model, and the impact of different parameters on the cold start performance. Final sections cover the degradation and lifetime modeling of PEM fuel cells, including stress-induced degradation mechanisms, physics-based and data-driven modeling methods, and coupled performance-degradation models. Finally, recent progress on multi-scale and multi-dimensional modeling of PEM fuel cells, including micro and nano-scale modeling and multi-scale coupled models, is covered.
Photochemical Splitting of Water: Fundamentals to Applications brings together information on photochemical water splitting for hydrogen production, covering basic concepts, mechanisms, instrumentation, experimental set-up, analysis, materials used as catalysts, innovative methods, and future opportunities. The book introduces the role of water splitting and hydrogen production in the current and future global energy mix and provides a basic understanding of the theories behind photochemical water splitting, instrumentation, experimental set-up, and the criteria for materials selection. Other sections offers thorough coverage of the use of specific cutting-edge active materials in photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting processes, discussing recent advances and future opportunities.The final chapters of the book focus on challenges, emerging trends, and key opportunities for the future, including tandem approaches that combine a solar cell with a suitably formulated water splitting cell. A glossary of technical terms is also included, providing a clear explanation of the main concepts.
The Decentralized Hydrogen Revolution Using Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain is a unique and comprehensive resource that addresses the dynamic intersection of decentralized hydrogen communities and advanced technologies. The book provides a guide to understanding the transformative potential of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and blockchain in the context of decentralized hydrogen, from foundational principles to advanced applications. It provides practical insights into addressing environmental concerns, integrating innovative technologies, and formulating effective policies. The book begins by introducing decentralized hydrogen communities, their principles, and significance in sustainable energy. It differentiates hydrogen from fossil fuels, highlighting environmental benefits and the inclusive nature of decentralized hydrogen production. The exploration continues with electrolysis for hydrogen generation, types of electrolyzers, working principles, technological advancements, and their environmental and economic impacts. The role of fuel cells in clean energy is covered next, detailing types, advancements, integration in various applications, and environmental and economic impacts. The discussion then shifts to advanced Artificial Intelligence algorithms in hydrogen production, focusing on AI integration, smart production mechanisms, predictive analytics, and cybersecurity challenges. Blockchain trust in hydrogen networks is examined, emphasizing blockchain integration, trust and transparency, and smart contracts. The book also discusses Internet of Things connectivity for optimizing hydrogen systems and technologies, covering IoT integration, devices, real-time monitoring, and future trends. Economic considerations and policy frameworks in hydrogen production are addressed, including economic viability, policy implications, financial incentives, and regulatory challenges. Finally, the book summarises key insights, benefits, challenges, and the role of decentralized hydrogen communities in global energy. Decentralized Hydrogen: Using Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain is an invaluable reference for researchers, scientists, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the hydrogen economy and will also be of interest to students seeking an overview of the subject.
Industrial Decarbonization and the Energy Transition: Innovative Solutions for a Carbon-Free, Sustainable, and Clean Environment provides detailed information on a range of cutting-edge solutions, supporting decarbonization, clean energy production, and energy transition. Sectors covered include chemical and photochemical, cement and concrete, class, pulp and paper, steel and iron-making, fertilizer, clay, methanol, refineries, sugar, and thermal power plants. Technology, regulations, climate impact, and finance are considered for each sector, and throughout the book, emphasis is placed on the industry perspective and expertise, with thorough techno-economic analysis and in-depth discussion of other key considerations such as scale-up, cost reductions, waste, and future possibilities.This book is of interest to engineers, R&D, and other professionals involved in energy transition and decarbonization of industrial processes and plants across a range of industrial sectors, as well as academic researchers, scientists, and advanced students in energy transition, renewable energy, engineering, decarbonization, and sustainability.</p>
Computational Analysis of Transport Phenomena and Performance of PEMFC presents a practical guide to the mathematical modeling and simulation of PEMFCs for all transport processes of mass, momentum, energy, ions, and electrons. Tackling one of the most important aspects of next-generation PEMFC technologies, the book brings together the state-of-the-art to model and simulate phenomena and processes at various scales, including catalyst layers, electrodes, membranes, and bipolar plates of PEMFC unit cells and stacks.Chapters introduce PEM fuel cells and explain the underlying electrochemical and thermodynamic concepts involved, present a detailed breakdown of the governing equations for overall mass, momentum, and energy conservation, charge (ions and electrons) conservation, water generation and its transport, heat generation, and heat transfer and cooling methods, offer an in-depth analysis of the various single and multi-dimensional modelling approaches and considerations, including lattice Boltzmann approach, artificial neural networks, exergy and energy analysis, estimation of fuel and oxidant consumption, the differences between cell-scale, stack-scale, and system-scale approaches, and more.
Solar Water Splitting: PV-Electrolysis, Photoelectrochemical, Photothermal, Photocatalyst, and Photobiological Methods is a fundamental resource offering detailed information on PV-electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, photothermal, photocatalyst, photobiological, and other innovative methods for the production of hydrogen gas, as well as presenting the theory, design, and materials involved. This is supported by application examples and recent developments in areas such as tandem cells, dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells, and perovskite cells for solar water splitting.This book will be of interest to researchers, scientists, and advanced students across solar energy, renewable energy, chemistry, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, and materials science, as well as engineers and industrial personnel with an interest in water splitting, solar cells, and hydrogen production.
Biofuel Cells and Energy Generation analyzes the current state-of-the-art and offers solutions to key challenges in developing carbohydrate-based biofuel cell technology. The book provides a critical review of biofuel cell technology, including principles, components, applications, obstacles, and prospects, and assesses the economic, safety, health, and environmental implications. Sections focus on the diversity of biomass resources, the fundamental characteristics of biomass, the major effects of biomass composition variations on biofuel cell technology, and a thorough review of the research literature on approaches for decreasing the detrimental impacts of biomass variability on fuel cells.In addition, a comprehensive examination of biofuel cell technology's current state and applications is presented that is supported by an explanation of the fundamentals, concepts, mechanisms, characteristics, optimal parameters, analytical characterization techniques, diverse types, all-category materials, catalysts, engineering designs, implantable biofuel cells, applications, and critical criteria. A variety of applications are addressed, including power implanted devices in biomedical applications, biosensors for smart communities, and nanomaterials for biofuel cells, among others. For each application, unresolved issues are identified, and solutions proposed.
Hydrogen Production, Transportation, Storage, and Utilization: Theoretical and Practical Aspects is a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical and practical aspects of hydrogen as an energy vector. The book walks the reader through the upstream, midstream, and downstream at each stage, explaining concepts, methods, applications, and economics to provide a broad understanding of hydrogen energy. It explains each of the key aspects of hydrogen energy in dedicated chapters, guiding readers through the fundamentals of hydrogen as an energy vector to economic, safety, and environmental considerations.Chapters analyze the methods for hydrogen production and provide a review of the fundamental, technological, and environmental aspects of these methods while also examining physical, chemical, and material methods for hydrogen storage and explaining the corresponding, underlying theory and concepts. Other sections explore the downstream aspects of hydrogen in transportation, power generation, energy supply in industry, and as a feedstock in refineries and the chemical industry.