Green Hydrogen Energy Systems
- 1st Edition - November 30, 2025
- Latest edition
- Authors: Alexandros Arsalis, Fanourios Kourougianni, Andreas V. Olympios, Charalampos Konstantinou, Georgios Yiasoumas, Panos Papanastasiou, Aravind Purushothaman Vellayani, Soteris Kalogirou, George E. Georghiou
- Language: English
Green Hydrogen Energy Systems explores the vital technologies and methods for generating, storing, and utilizing green hydrogen. By adopting an energy systems approach, the book o… Read more
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Description
Description
Green Hydrogen Energy Systems explores the vital technologies and methods for generating, storing, and utilizing green hydrogen. By adopting an energy systems approach, the book offers a comprehensive review of green hydrogen systems, integrating principles, configurations, progress, and applications, bolstered by technoeconomic analyses and performance data. Addressing common challenges, it explains processes for developing and constructing basic and advanced green hydrogen systems. The book details the fundamentals of hydrogen technologies, including thermodynamics, kinetics, energy loss mechanisms, and costs.
It covers aspects such as heat release, clean water usage in electrolyzers, system configurations, and includes real-world performance data, case studies, hydrogen hubs, safety, and economics.
It covers aspects such as heat release, clean water usage in electrolyzers, system configurations, and includes real-world performance data, case studies, hydrogen hubs, safety, and economics.
Key features
Key features
- Presents a systems approach to hydrogen energy
- Provides in-depth analysis of all key green hydrogen energy systems and related technologies, with all content supported by performance data
- Offers technoeconomic analyses, design and operation modes, and integration mechanisms for green hydrogen energy systems
Readership
Readership
Graduate students, researchers, engineers, scientists, and industrial sector practitioners interested in the development of a hydrogen economy and hydrogen energy systems.
Table of contents
Table of contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Hydrogen and its potential 1
1.2. Hydrogen production pathways 5
1.3. Green hydrogen technologies 10
1.4. Book structure 12
2. Hydrogen properties 19
2.1. Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen 19
2.2. Isotopes and spin isomers of hydrogen 24
2.3. Thermodynamics of hydrogen 26
2.4. Concluding remarks 32
3. Generation of green hydrogen 35
3.1. Introduction 35
3.2. Fundamentals 36
3.3. Green electricity technologies 40
3.4. Water electrolysis technologies 48
3.5. Other hydrogen generation technologies 61
3.6. Concluding remarks 72
4. Surface storage and transportation of hydrogen 81
4.1. Introduction 81
4.2. Fundamentals of physical storage 82
4.3. Surface gas storage 83
4.4. Liquid hydrogen storage 96
4.5. Cryo-compressed hydrogen 99
4.6. Transportation and distribution of green hydrogen 100
4.7. Hydrogen embrittlement 108
4.8. Concluding remarks 110
5. Underground hydrogen storage 117
5.1. Introduction 117
5.2. Fundamentals of underground hydrogen storage 117
5.3. Salt caverns 119
5.4. Depleted oil and gas fields 129
5.5. Aquifers 139
5.6. Concluding remarks 142
6. Material-based hydrogen storage 153
6.1. Introduction 153
6.2. Fundamentals of material-based storage 153
6.3. Adsorption of hydrogen 154
6.4. Absorption of hydrogen 168
6.5. Economic and environmental considerations 205
6.6. Concluding remarks 206
7. Utilization of green hydrogen 221
7.1. Introduction 221
7.2. Fundamentals 222
7.3. Fuel cell technologies 226
7.4. Hydrogen-fueled heat engine technologies 242
7.5. Hydrogen boiler technologies 248
7.6. Green hydrogen utilization as material feedstock 249
7.7. Concluding remarks 250
8. Integration of green hydrogen with batteries, heat pumps, and heat engines 255
8.1. Introduction 255
8.2. Integration with battery energy storage 256
8.3. Integration with heat pump and refrigeration systems 265
8.4. Integration to heat engines 274
8.5. Concluding remarks 279
9. Green hydrogen applications 287
9.1. Introduction 287
9.2. Stationary applications 288
9.3. Transport applications 303
9.4. Industrial applications 312
9.5. Concluding remarks 314
10. Modeling and control of integrated green hydrogen energy systems 321
10.1. Introduction 321
10.2. Modeling tools 322
10.3. Modeling types 327
10.4. Techno-economic assessments 343
10.5. Operation and control strategies 349
10.6. Concluding remarks 356
11. Health, safety, and environmental impact of green hydrogen energy systems 363
11.1. Introduction 363
11.2. Potential hazards 364
11.3. Mapping of hazards with green hydrogen applications 371
11.4. Risk analysis 374
11.5. Data, tools, QRAs, and advanced modeling approaches for hydrogen safety 379
11.6. Prevention and mitigation measures 390
11.7. Standards and procedures 394
11.8. Environmental aspects 409
11.9. Concluding remarks 411
12. Green hydrogen economics 419
12.1. Introduction 419
12.2. Basic principles of investment economics 420
12.3. Creating a project cash flow 422
12.4. A case study 425
12.5. Concluding remarks 429
13. Hydrogen hubs and valleys 431
13.1. Introduction 431
13.2. Hydrogen hubs 431
13.3. Hydrogen valleys 438
13.4. Concluding remarks 448
14. Concluding remarks and the future of green hydrogen energy systems 451
14.1. Introduction 451
14.2. Elements of green hydrogen energy systems 452
14.3. Transition to green hydrogen energy systems 458
1.1. Hydrogen and its potential 1
1.2. Hydrogen production pathways 5
1.3. Green hydrogen technologies 10
1.4. Book structure 12
2. Hydrogen properties 19
2.1. Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen 19
2.2. Isotopes and spin isomers of hydrogen 24
2.3. Thermodynamics of hydrogen 26
2.4. Concluding remarks 32
3. Generation of green hydrogen 35
3.1. Introduction 35
3.2. Fundamentals 36
3.3. Green electricity technologies 40
3.4. Water electrolysis technologies 48
3.5. Other hydrogen generation technologies 61
3.6. Concluding remarks 72
4. Surface storage and transportation of hydrogen 81
4.1. Introduction 81
4.2. Fundamentals of physical storage 82
4.3. Surface gas storage 83
4.4. Liquid hydrogen storage 96
4.5. Cryo-compressed hydrogen 99
4.6. Transportation and distribution of green hydrogen 100
4.7. Hydrogen embrittlement 108
4.8. Concluding remarks 110
5. Underground hydrogen storage 117
5.1. Introduction 117
5.2. Fundamentals of underground hydrogen storage 117
5.3. Salt caverns 119
5.4. Depleted oil and gas fields 129
5.5. Aquifers 139
5.6. Concluding remarks 142
6. Material-based hydrogen storage 153
6.1. Introduction 153
6.2. Fundamentals of material-based storage 153
6.3. Adsorption of hydrogen 154
6.4. Absorption of hydrogen 168
6.5. Economic and environmental considerations 205
6.6. Concluding remarks 206
7. Utilization of green hydrogen 221
7.1. Introduction 221
7.2. Fundamentals 222
7.3. Fuel cell technologies 226
7.4. Hydrogen-fueled heat engine technologies 242
7.5. Hydrogen boiler technologies 248
7.6. Green hydrogen utilization as material feedstock 249
7.7. Concluding remarks 250
8. Integration of green hydrogen with batteries, heat pumps, and heat engines 255
8.1. Introduction 255
8.2. Integration with battery energy storage 256
8.3. Integration with heat pump and refrigeration systems 265
8.4. Integration to heat engines 274
8.5. Concluding remarks 279
9. Green hydrogen applications 287
9.1. Introduction 287
9.2. Stationary applications 288
9.3. Transport applications 303
9.4. Industrial applications 312
9.5. Concluding remarks 314
10. Modeling and control of integrated green hydrogen energy systems 321
10.1. Introduction 321
10.2. Modeling tools 322
10.3. Modeling types 327
10.4. Techno-economic assessments 343
10.5. Operation and control strategies 349
10.6. Concluding remarks 356
11. Health, safety, and environmental impact of green hydrogen energy systems 363
11.1. Introduction 363
11.2. Potential hazards 364
11.3. Mapping of hazards with green hydrogen applications 371
11.4. Risk analysis 374
11.5. Data, tools, QRAs, and advanced modeling approaches for hydrogen safety 379
11.6. Prevention and mitigation measures 390
11.7. Standards and procedures 394
11.8. Environmental aspects 409
11.9. Concluding remarks 411
12. Green hydrogen economics 419
12.1. Introduction 419
12.2. Basic principles of investment economics 420
12.3. Creating a project cash flow 422
12.4. A case study 425
12.5. Concluding remarks 429
13. Hydrogen hubs and valleys 431
13.1. Introduction 431
13.2. Hydrogen hubs 431
13.3. Hydrogen valleys 438
13.4. Concluding remarks 448
14. Concluding remarks and the future of green hydrogen energy systems 451
14.1. Introduction 451
14.2. Elements of green hydrogen energy systems 452
14.3. Transition to green hydrogen energy systems 458
Product details
Product details
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: November 30, 2025
- Language: English
About the authors
About the authors
AA
Alexandros Arsalis
Dr. Alexandros Arsalis is a Senior Researcher
at the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence,
University of Cyprus, where he leads the
Green Hydrogen Energy Systems Group.
He holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering
from Aalborg University and an M.S. from
Virginia Tech, both with a strong emphasis
on hydrogen-based energy technologies.
An internationally recognized expert in
hydrogen systems, he has extensive experience
in the design, modeling, optimization,
and experimental validation of integrated
green hydrogen solutions. His work focuses
on system-level strategies that advance
the transition toward resilient, low-carbon
energy infrastructures. He has authored
over 65 peer-reviewed publications and
secured competitive fellowships and research
grants from diverse funding programs.
He has also played key roles in several
international research consortia on hydrogen
and sustainable energy, including Horizon
Europe projects. Beyond his research, he is
actively involved in education and training,
having taught courses on renewable energy
systems, numerical methods, and hydrogen
technologies. In parallel, he contributes to
capacity-building efforts through Erasmus+
projects on green hydrogen education across
Europe and the Mediterranean. Additionally,
he serves on editorial boards. Committed
to science outreach, he actively promotes
public engagement and knowledge transfer
through various events, workshops, and
training initiatives.
Affiliations and expertise
Research Fellow, Research Centre for Sustainable Energy (FOSS), CyprusFK
Fanourios Kourougianni
Fanourios Kourougianni is a Researcher at
the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence, University
of Cyprus. He holds an M.Eng. in
Mechanical Engineering from the National
Technical University of Athens. His expertise
lies in the advanced modeling and optimization
of energy systems for the built environment.
His current research focuses on the
techno-economic assessment of green hydrogen
technologies, with particular emphasis
on their integration into sustainable building
applications.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, CyprusAO
Andreas V. Olympios
Dr. Andreas V. Olympios is a Research
Associate at the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence,
University of Cyprus, within the
Sustainable Buildings and Cities pillar. He
holds a Ph.D. in Clean Energy Processes from
Imperial College London and an M.Eng. in
Mechanical Engineering from the University
of Nottingham, where he graduated top of
his class and received the IMechE Institution
Best Student Award. His research expertise
spans the design and operational optimization
of energy conversion and storage technologies,
as well as strategic building and
urban energy planning. He has authored over
45 publications in high-impact journals and
international conferences and has collaborated
with major industrial partners. He is
actively involved in multi-partner national
and EU-funded research projects and serves
as an Editor for Applied Energy and an expert
evaluator for several EU programs. His research
in the hydrogen field focuses on the techno-economic modeling of green hydrogen
technologies and their integration into
multi-energy-vector systems.
Affiliations and expertise
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Cyprus, CyprusCK
Charalampos Konstantinou
Dr. Charalampos Konstantinou is a Research
Associate in the Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering and the
PHAETHON Centre of Excellence at the University
of Cyprus. He holds an M.Eng. from
the National Technical University of Athens
(graduated 2nd), an M.Sc. from Imperial College
London (graduated 1st), and a Ph.D.
from the University of Cambridge. His research
focuses on the hydromechanics of biocemented
sands, porous media flow in energy
and water systems, and data-driven
modeling for resource management. He has
authored over 45 peer-reviewed publications,
contributed to multiple EU-funded research
projects, and is co-inventor of a patented flow
apparatus. He has extensive teaching experience,
having taught at the University of Cambridge,
the University of Cyprus, and most
recently at the Harvard Kennedy School.
Affiliations and expertise
Editorial Board Member of Biogeotechnics, CyprusGY
Georgios Yiasoumas
Georgios Yiasoumas is a Researcher at the
PHAETHON Centre of Excellence, University
of Cyprus. His research interests cover
the broader energy sector, with a focus on energy communities, local energy markets, and
hydrogen technologies. He holds an M.Eng.
in Electrical and Computer Engineering from
the National Technical University of Athens
(2020) and an M.Sc. in Sustainable Engineering
from the University of Strathclyde (2021).
During his studies, he received the Grigoris
Farakos Prize for Academic Excellence (2018-
2019), awarded to the top three students in
the Schools of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering at NTUA specializing in energy.
PP
Panos Papanastasiou
Panos Papanastasiou is a Professor in the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Cyprus, where
he also serves as Director of the Natural Gas
Engineering and Energy Transition Program.
He is a Member of the Board of Directors
of the PHAETHON Centre of Excellence. He
holds an M.Eng. from the National Technical
University of Athens (1984) and an M.Sc.
(1986) and Ph.D. (1990) from the University
of Minnesota. Before joining academia, he
spent over 15 years in the oil and gas industry
as a researcher and consultant. His
current research focuses on the challenges
of energy transition, including carbon capture
and storage (CCS), geological hydrogen
storage, and the cracking and degradation
of photovoltaic systems. He has published
over 90 peer-reviewed journal articles, 120
conference papers and book chapters, edited
six conference proceedings and books, and
holds three patents. He currently serves as
Editor-in-Chief of Geomechanics for Energy and
the Environment (Elsevier).
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Cyprus, CyprusAV
Aravind Purushothaman Vellayani
Dr. Aravind Purushothaman Vellayani is a
Professor and Chair of Energy Conversion at
the Energy and Sustainability Research Institute
Groningen (ESRIG), Faculty of Science
and Engineering, University of Groningen,
where he also serves as Director of Hydrogen
Economy at the Wubbo Ockels School.
He holds an M.Sc. from the University of
Oldenburg and a Ph.D. from TU Delft, where
his doctoral research focused on biomass
gasification, solid oxide fuel cells, and microturbine systems for high-efficiency energy
conversion. His research centers on the
development and integration of advanced
fuel cell technologies and hydrogen-based
energy systems. At Groningen, he leads a
dedicated laboratory for hydrogen and fuel cell research, supervising multiple Ph.D.
candidates and postdoctoral researchers. He
teaches courses on hydrogen technologies,
fuel cell systems, and the thermodynamics of
energy conversion. He previously served as
Lead of the Interfaculty Negative Emissions
Program at the TU Delft Climate Institute
and as Chair of the Department Advisory
Board at the SCT College of Engineering,
Kerala Technical University. He also chaired
the KnowHy Foundation, continuing the
educational mission of the EU-funded
KnowHy project, which he coordinated.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Chair of Energy Conversion, University of Groningen, The NetherlandsSK
Soteris Kalogirou
Prof. Soteris Kalogirou is a Professor in the
Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Materials Science and Engineering at
the Cyprus University of Technology. In
addition to his Ph.D., he holds a D.Sc. and is
internationally recognized for his pioneering
contributions to renewable energy. He is a
Fellow of the European Academy of Sciences,
a Founding Member of the Cyprus Academy
of Sciences, Letters and Arts, a Member of
Academia Europaea, and a Fellow of the
International Artificial Intelligence Industry
Alliance. For over 35 years, he has conducted
research in solar energy, with expertise
encompassing solar collectors, solar water
heating, solar steam generation, desalination, photovoltaics, geothermal energy, and
absorption cooling. He has published extensively,
authoring numerous journal articles,
book chapters, and conference papers. His
books Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and
Systems and Thermal Solar Desalination: Methods and Systems (Academic Press, Elsevier)
are widely recognized references in the field.
He currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, CyprusGG
George E. Georghiou
George E. Georghiou is a Professor and the Director of FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, University of Cyprus. Prior to this, he was a Lecturer and the undergraduate course leader in Electrical Engineering at the University of Southampton, and a Research Fellow at the Electricity Utilization Group, University of Cambridge. Having graduated from the University of Cambridge with a BA, MEng, MA all with distinction and a PhD, Dr Georghiou continued his work at the University of Cambridge in the capacity of a Research Fellow (1999-2002). Prof. Georghiou is currently a member of the CENELEC and IEC committees on PV and is acting as an expert evaluator for Horizon 2020 energy proposals as well as being a member of CIGRE and the European Solar Energy Industrial Initiative. He also represents Cyprus on the SET plan steering committee. Prof. Georghiou has published over 400 papers in international journals and conference proceedings and his team has obtained research funding in excess of 18 million Euros from bodies such as the European Union, Industry (such as Honeywell, Q Cells etc), the National Funding Agency etc.
Amongst his scholarly achievements, are six outstanding paper awards for the most significant technical scientific contributions and an innovation prize.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Director of FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, University of CyprusView book on ScienceDirect
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