Skip to main content
Elsevier
View Cart
openUserAccount

Books in Cognitive science

BooksJournals
21-30 of 33 results in All results

Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 109
  • March 1, 1995
  • Mark H. Bickhard + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 6 3 - 2
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields.The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure.The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges.Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.

The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 101
  • October 1, 1993
  • G. Strube + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 5 5 - 7
The present book is a result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research program in cognitive science in Germany, presumably the first large scale cognitive science program there. Anchored in psychology, and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research program brought together cognitive scientists from over twenty German universities and more than thirty single projects were funded. The program was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada, the main goals of which were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge, and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the processes involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes.The research program has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided. It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modeling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing, and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the U.S. have helped to firmly integrate the program with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from seventeen projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book.

Perception and Artistic Style

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 73
  • January 14, 1991
  • D.M. Parker + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 2 7 - 4
Perception and Artistic Style explores the role of visual processes in the creation and perception of painting and drawing. By looking at the relationship between perception and representation evidence is provided that purely visual processes are a richer source of artistic inspiration than is commonly realised. Many of the obvious variations in artistic style are firmly rooted in visual perception and visual cognition. This book looks at a range of fundamental visual processes and investigates their contribution to major stylistic features of works of art. A wide selection of pictures is considered; ancient, medieval, renaissance, nineteenth and twentieth century and primitive, and both well known and relatively obscure works are examined.The volume includes 86 figures, 13 grey-scale illustrations of artworks and 43 line drawings. This book will be of value to students of perception, students of art and art history, and, since the more technical aspects have been confined to the notes, the general reader who wishes to increase his/her appreciation and understanding of pictorial art.

Aging and Cognition

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 72
  • December 11, 1990
  • E.A. Lovelace
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 2 6 - 7
Presented in this volume is a discussion of current literature and theoretical issues relating to three aspects of late-life age-related cognitive change. Firstly, evidence regarding aging and the basic mental processes of attention, motor control, memory, language, problem-solving, and intelligence are presented. Secondly, the role of personal traits such as personality and self-efficacy in the aging of cognitive function are developed, along with self-awareness of cognitive processes and age changes in the monitoring of these processes. Thirdly, consideration is given to the study of interventions to delay or remediate the cognitive declines of aging.

Stimulus-Response Compatibility

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 65
  • December 18, 1989
  • R.W. Proctor + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 1 9 - 9
Stimulus-response compatibility refers to the finding that certain mappings of stimuli to responses produce faster and more accurate responding than do others. The present volume surveys compatibility research which falls into four broad categories: (a) mental representation and coding (b) neurophysiological mechanisms (c) motor performance (d) human factors applications. The major findings and models within each of the categories are summarized, and an integrated perspective is provided. The research indicates that compatibility effects reflect basic cognitive processes that bear on a range of issues in cognitive science and that have applied implications for human factors specialists.

Cognition and Action in Skilled Behaviour

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 55
  • September 1, 1988
  • A.M. Colley + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 0 9 - 0
This book contains a number of chapters on the control and execution of skilled movements, as well as more general chapters on theoretical issues in skilled performance. The contributors have summarised their most recent research, and general themes and issues are presented in discussion chapters at the end of each section, thus providing a good general summary of the kind of research and theoretical frameworks developing in this area.The first section is concerned with the theoretical issues of programming and co-ordination. Issues raised in the second section are basic to much of the research reviewed in the volume. This section summarises the various theoretical positions in the recent debates on the role of cognitive processes in motor control and the usefulness of the ``psychomotor'' approach, and contains chapters based on individual papers which present relevant empirical findings. The third section deals with the learning and performance of skilled movements, containing papers with practical implications for everyday skills. The final section contains chapters on cognitive processes in skilled performance.

The Adaptive Brain II

  • 1st Edition
  • February 1, 1988
  • Stephen Grossberg
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 9 2 7 0 - 0
The Adaptive Brain, II: Vision, Speech, Language, and Motor Control focuses on a unified theoretical analysis and predictions of important psychological and neurological data that illustrate the development of a true theory of mind and brain. The publication first elaborates on the quantized geometry of visual space and neural dynamics of form perception. Discussions focus on reflectance rivalry and spatial frequency detection, figure-ground separation by filling-in barriers, and disinhibitory propagation of functional scaling from boundaries to interiors. The text then takes a look at neural dynamics of perceptual grouping and brightness perception. Topics include simulation of a parametric binocular brightness study, smoothly varying luminance contours versus steps of luminance change, macrocircuit of processing stages, paradoxical percepts as probes of adaptive processes, and analysis of the Beck theory of textural segmentation. The book examines the neural dynamics of speech and language coding and word recognition and recall, including automatic activation and limited-capacity attention, a macrocircuit for the self-organization of recognition and recall, role of intra-list restructuring arid contextual associations, and temporal order information across item representations. The manuscript is a vital source of data for scientists and researchers interested in the development of a true theory of mind and brain.

Cognitive Psychology and Reading in the USSR

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 49
  • January 1, 1988
  • J. Downing
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 7 0 3 - 8
The ideas of Soviet specialists on the psychology and teaching of reading are here made available in English.The volume gives an overview of psychology and education in the U.S.S.R., and presents translations of the work of major Soviet authors, such as Elkonin and Luria. The contributions offer many valuable proposals for teaching literacy which are quite unique outside of the Soviet Union. A concluding chapter provides a commentary, tracing the links between these specialist contributions and the general cognitive theories of Vygotsky.The result of ten years of research, this book was completed by Professor Downing shortly before he passed away in June 1987.

The Roots of Perception

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 38
  • December 1, 1986
  • U. Hentschel + 2 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 8 6 6 9 2 - 5
The subject matter of this book is subliminal perception and microgenetic perceptual processing, two important topics on the interface between perception and personality. It presents a different way of handling these topics, biological in its emphasis on process, humanistic in its focussing on the dynamics of individual experience. The reader will not only find new theoretical perspectives but a host of new, efficient and penetrating methods for analyzing problems of personality and psychopathology. The book is filled with empirical data supporting its theoretical and methodological claims.Main Features: - New perspectives on information processing in relation to personality. - New methods applicable in many fields, such as clinical psychology, developmental and personality psychology, psychiatry, neuroscience, education (creativity), etc. - Constructive analysis and critical review of the fields of subliminal perception and microgenesis.