Polyamine-Phytohormone-Nutrient Network: Nexus in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses presents the latest global research on the these important tools for improving physiological / biochemical molecular mechanisms for improved plant health and production. Exposure of plants (crop and non-crop) to abiotic stresses is inevitable; hence, impairments in plant growth, metabolism and productivity due to abiotic stresses seem obvious. Naturally, plants are endowed with endogenous chemicals including intracellular messengers and signalling molecules to counteract the potential stress-impacts, protect cellular functions, and grow and produce well. Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight nitrogen- containing compounds with aliphatic polycationic properties. In addition to their roles in diverse growth and development processes, Pas(such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) have been implicated in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. On the other hand, PAs have their close relation with both phytohormones (such as cytokinins, abscisic acid, auxins, gibberellins and gaseous hormone ethylene), and most mineral nutrients (such as N and S). Interestingly, the interactive response and outcomes of PAs with either phytohormones or mineral nutrients could exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects. Thus, either the functions of PAs can be modulated by phytohormones and mineral nutrients; or the cellular/organ or whole plant level PAs may potentially affect the role of both phytohormones and mineral nutrients. With a globally diverse team of expert contributors, this book focuses on the PA-phytohormone-mineral nutrient interactions that is significant for establishing connections between nutrient assimilation, C-fixation, and secondary metabolic pathways.
Safety and Sustainability Aspects of Food Packaging is a volume of the Sustainable Food Packaging series and serves as a comprehensive guide to the multifaceted world of food packaging. Organized into three sections, this book explores critical aspects of packaging safety, sustainability, and regulatory compliance. Section 1 provides an overview of the historical background and current trends in food packaging, different types of food packaging materials, and their properties and applications. Section 2 explores innovative solutions for sustainable packaging, covering advances in bioplastics, bio-based and biodegradable materials, packaging optimization, logistics, carbon footprint reduction, environmental impact assessment, life cycle analysis, and circular economy principles. Section 3 examines the legal and regulatory aspects of food packaging, including key regulations, safety standards, consumer perceptions, marketing claims, packaging labeling, compliance, and consumer education.With the growing importance of sustainability and increasing regulatory requirements, this first volume of the Sustainable Food Packaging series serves as an authoritative reference for researchers, industry professionals, policymakers, and students. It provides a comprehensive resource for navigating the rapidly evolving landscape of food packaging, addressing current challenges while highlighting advancements that promote safer, more sustainable, and legally compliant packaging solutions.
Robot Design: Application to Medical Robotics offers a blend of theory and applications, with a focus on robot design to aid researchers in developing innovative robotic solutions in the healthcare domain. The book addresses this evolutionary journey by amalgamating various fields of expertise, guiding readers through fundamental concepts using real-world requirements and applications. Chapters are authored by experts in collaboration with clinicians and specialists from specific areas, spanning the technical realm (mechanics of machinery, control theory, informatics, mechatronics) to the clinical sphere (surgery, sonography, rehabilitation therapy).This book serves as an excellent reference for young professionals and researchers, providing an overview of the most significant aspects of medical robotics and guiding them towards the most suitable approaches for robot design.
Algae Classification and Species delivers a detailed overview of freshwater and marine algal diversity. It provides an essential introduction to the study of phycology with broad applications in diverse biological and biotechnological fields. Written and edited by a global team of experts in the field of phycology, this book is organized according to major algal taxa, including green, red, and brown macroalgae, benthic and planktonic algae, blue-green algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria, and microalgae. Chapters are structured to provide readers with a sweeping understanding of the breadth of marine algae, including their principal characteristics, evolution, phylogeny, distribution, preservation, and more.This book is designed to provide a complete, legible review of algal diversity. It is a valuable resource for researchers, biotechnologists, and students interested in developing their understanding of basic algal biology.
New Opioid Receptor Modulators and Agonists: Relevance for Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Management provides crucial insights for developing ideal synthetic opioids. It discusses opioid receptor modulators’ structures and mechanisms, and their potential applications in treating pain, misuse, and addiction. This comprehensive resource delves into current research and therapeutic development avenues regarding opioid receptors' structure and function. Sections cover the rationale for developing allosteric modulators, identifying allosteric sites on opioid receptors, and the modulators' modes of action. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of creating ideal synthetic opioids and potential future research.It also explores pharmacogenomics, precision medicine, and various syndromes and comorbidities linked to opioid use. Lastly, it reviews novel synthetic opioids and the risks of misuse and overdose.
Aerophytic Algae and Cyanobacteria: Diversity, Ecology, and Biogeography expands our understanding of microalgae and cyanobacteria that colonize air-exposed substrates. These species, often overlooked in marine and freshwater studies, play crucial roles in various ecosystems. Introductory chapters cover their morphology, physiological adaptations, and biogeography, highlighting their ecological significance and interactions within ecosystems. Other sections addresses future research directions, applications in environmental assessments, conservation, water and air quality management, bioremediation, and pollution control. The book, authored by a global team of phycologists, also explores taxa such as edaphic and corticolous diatoms, aeroplanktonic protists, and phototrophic phytotelmata.
Biomechanics of the Human Spine: Basic Concepts, Spinal Disorders and Treatments, Second Edition, features several enhancements. The core structure of the book remains unchanged, focusing on four distinct parts that should be read consecutively to provide a comprehensive understanding of spine biomechanics. In the first part, the book delves into the functional anatomy of the spine, with a special emphasis on aspects that are often overlooked in clinical literature but hold great biomechanical significance. The second part is dedicated to explaining the mechanics of individual spinal tissues. It covers commonly used testing setups and the mathematical models employed to represent these tissues in mathematical studies. The third part covers the contemporary methods employed in spine research, encompassing experimental testing, numerical simulation, and in vivo studies including imaging and motion analysis. The fourth and final part of the book emphasizes the biomechanical aspects of spinal pathologies and their surgical treatments, areas often lacking in biomechanical rigor. This book is an invaluable resource for biomedical engineers involved in spine biomechanics and for spinal surgeons seeking to broaden their biomechanical knowledge base. The book draws contributions from leading institutions worldwide, ensuring the latest research and expertise in the field of spine biomechanics.
Pediatric Substance Exposure is a comprehensive resource designed to assist medical practitioners with long-term management of children and support of families affected by addictive substances during pregnancy. The book begins with coverage of epidemiology, global policy and practice, followed by a detailed review of various legal and illegal substances and the impact on the child. Subsequent chapters review fetal management, infant and child management, and social aspects and the family’s needs as the child grows. The book concludes with discussion of future research and policy needs. Clinicians as well as scientistic researchers will find value in this comprehensive guide on the management of pediatric patients at all stages of development exposed to substance use in utero. This book will aid in evidence-based decision making for optimal treatment of these children and support of the families affected by drug use during pregnancy.
The Handbook of Non-Invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation in the Cognitive Domain serves as an essential resource, capturing the latest advancements and scientific insights into non-invasive brain stimulation methods. This comprehensive volume delves into various techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation. It highlights their application in understanding psychophysiology and enhancing cognitive performance in both experimental models and healthy individuals. Such methods offer substantial promise in unraveling the complexities of neural network dynamics and cognitive functions. In addition to discussing foundational methods and experimental models, the book also explores therapeutic applications for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.These multimodal brain stimulation approaches present innovative avenues for potential treatments. By integrating both theoretical and practical perspectives, this handbook not only reviews existing data but also opens new horizons for future research and clinical applications, providing invaluable insights for professionals in the field.
Fermented beverages often have functional properties and contain bioactive compounds. Though these drinks were a large part of the human diet before the introduction of processed foods and beverages, they have only recently grown in popularity again due to consumer interest in their health benefits. Functional Fermented Beverages: Effects of Processing on Sensory and Nutritional Qualities details the latest processes applied to fermented beverages and how they might be upscaled to grow the industry while preserving safety and quality of products. Food processing methods such as thermal, mechanical and membrane filtration are covered, and the effects of these processes on the nutritional value and the availability of the bioactive compounds are considered. Plant-based fermented beverages as an alternative to milk-based products and innovative beverages are also covered. Covering a range of global, traditional fermented beverages and their unique benefits, Functional Fermented Beverages: Effects of Processing on Sensory and Nutritional Qualities is a complete resource that will benefit researchers and industry producers alike.