Gum Arabic: Structure, Properties, Application and Economics explores the management practices of gum Arabic producing trees and their environmental role, the characteristics and properties of the gum, and presents current and developing uses in food, feed, and medicinal applications. The book provides insight into regulatory aspects of production and quality control as well as underscoring some of the geographically based differences in gum Arabic trees, production, and regulation of products. Written by experts in the field, the book provides current research and developments in gum Arabic. It is an important resource for researchers in industry and academia interested in the advances in this area.
The Coconut: Phylogeny, Origins, and Spread comprehensively covers the botany, phylogeny, origins, and spread of the coconut palm. The coconut is used primarily for its oil, fiber, and as an article of food, including its tender-nut water. Until the 1950s, coconut oil used to rank first in the world in production and international trade among all the vegetable oils. Since then, lower-cost sources such as the African oil palm, soybean, canola, and others have overtaken the coconut in oil production and trade. The coconut, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), is a dominant part of the littoral vegetation across the tropics. In addition to discussing the origins of the coconut and its use as a crop, the book covers the resurgence in the use of the coconut in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
The Mangoes: Their Botany, Nomenclature, Horticulture and Utilization provides a comprehensive discussion of existing mango species and their value in the common mango (Mangifera indica) industry. It covers mango species growing in very dry areas, like savannahs; species growing on inundated lands; at altitudes over 1000 m in the tropics and at higher latitudes outside the tropics; under monsoon climate conditions and under constantly wet conditions; and so-called wild species that compete in flavor with the common mango. The book begins with an overview of the genus Mangifera, covering distribution, ecology, morphology, and development. The remaining chapters discuss the phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy of the Anacardiaceae with special emphasis on Mangifera; conservation of Mangifera species; a historical overview of the development of knowledge of Mangifera; subdivision of the genus; species of uncertain position; and excluded species. The book also includes a list of references along with indexes to scientific names, vernacular names, and collection numbers. The present text was written for horticulturists and mango growers. However, it may also be useful to scientific botanists, ecologists, students, and teachers.
‘An overview of the history of cocoa, the factors affecting its production and consumption as well as how the trade is conducted, various risks mitigated, and by whom. …The International Cocoa Trade is a work designed to inform all on the subject of cocoa and an essential guide for those involved in its trade.’Dr J. Vingerhoets, Executive Director, ICCOCocoa is a valuable commodity, and the cocoa trade involves many different parties from growers and exporters through dealers and factories to those trading futures and options and the banks they deal with. The International Cocoa Trade provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the cocoa trade at the beginning of the twenty-first century, and the main factors that drive and affect that business.The opening chapter of the third edition examines the history and origins of the international cocoa trade, and its recent developments. The agronomics of cocoa production are discussed in chapter two whilst chapter three deals with the environmental and practical factors affecting cocoa production. Chapters four, five and six cover issues around the export and trading of physical cocoa, including the actuals market, the physical contracts used and the futures and options markets. In chapter seven, the international consumption and stocks of cocoa are reviewed with chapter eight discussing the issue of quality assessment of cocoa beans for international trade. Finally, chapter nine focuses on the end product, examining the processing of cocoa beans and the manufacture of chocolate. Updated appendices provide copies of some of the most important documents used in the cocoa trade, including contracts, sale rules and world production statistics.This comprehensively updated third edition of The International Cocoa Trade ensures its continued status as the standard reference for all those involved in the production consumption and international trading of cocoa.
The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.
A complete guide to the tomato industry, including over 50 full colour photos on tomato diseases and other vital elements. It is a book needed by all tomato and tomato products packers, growers and anyone involved or interested in packing, processing and production of tomatoes and tomato products.
This serial is a translation of the original works within the Japan Society of Software Science and Technology. A key source of information for computer scientists in the U.S., the serial explores the major areas of research in software and technology in Japan. These volumes are intended to promote worldwide exchange of ideas among professionals.This volume includes original research contributions in such areas as Augmented Language Logic (ALL), distributed C language, Smalltalk 80, and TAMPOPO-an evolutionary learning machine based on the principles of Realtime Minimum Skyline Detection.