Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels

Improving Materials Performance

1st Edition - September 4, 2014
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 1 0 1 3 3 3 - 5
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 8 5 7 0 9 - 5 9 2 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 8 5 7 0 9 - 6 5 2 - 4

Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world’s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of… Read more

Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels

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Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world’s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion.

About the editors
List of contributors
Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering
Introduction
Part One: Fundamentals
- 1: Thermodynamics and kinetics of gas and gas–solid reactions
  - Abstract
  - 1.1 Introduction
  - 1.2 Equilibria for gas-exchange reactions
  - 1.3 Equilibria for gas–solid reactions
  - 1.4 Kinetics of gas-exchange reactions
  - 1.5 Kinetics of gas–solid reactions
  - 1.6 Phase stabilities in the Fe-N, Fe-C and Fe-C-N systems
- 2: Kinetics of thermochemical surface treatments
  - Abstract
  - 2.1 Introduction
  - 2.2 Development of an interstitial solid solution
  - 2.3 Precipitation of second phase particles in a supersaturated matrix
  - 2.4 Product-layer growth at the surface
  - 2.5 Conclusion
- 3: Process technologies for thermochemical surface engineering
  - Abstract
  - 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.2 Different ways of achieving a hardened wear-resistant surface
  - 3.3 Furnaces
  - 3.4 Gaseous carburising
  - 3.5 Gaseous carbonitriding
  - 3.6 Gaseous nitriding and nitrocarburising
  - 3.7 Variants of gaseous nitriding and nitrocarburising
  - 3.8 Gaseous boriding
  - 3.9 Plasma assisted processes: plasma (ion) carburising
  - 3.10 Plasma (ion) nitriding/nitrocarburising
  - 3.11 Implantation processes (nitriding)
  - 3.12 Salt bath processes (nitrocarburising)
  - 3.13 Laser assisted nitriding
  - 3.14 Fluidised bed nitriding
  - Acknowledgements
Part Two: Improved materials performance
- 4: Fatigue resistance of carburized and nitrided steels
  - Abstract
  - 4.1 Introduction
  - 4.2 The concept of local fatigue resistance
  - 4.3 Statistical analysis of fatigue resistance
  - 4.4 Fatigue behavior of carburized microstructures
  - 4.5 Fatigue behavior of nitrided and nitrocarburized microstructures
  - 4.6 Conclusion
- 5: Tribological behaviour of thermochemically surface engineered steels
  - Abstract
  - 5.1 Introduction
  - 5.2 Contact types
  - 5.3 Wear mechanisms
  - 5.4 Conclusions
- 6: Corrosion behaviour of nitrided, nitrocarburised and carburised steels
  - Abstract
  - 6.1 Introduction
  - 6.2 Corrosion behaviour of nitrided and nitrocarburised unalloyed and low alloyed steels: introduction
  - 6.3 Nitriding processes and corrosion behaviour
  - 6.4 Structure and composition of compound layers and corrosion behaviour
  - 6.5 Post-oxidation and corrosion behaviour
  - 6.6 Passivation of nitride layers
  - 6.7 Corrosion behaviour in molten metals
  - 6.8 Corrosion behaviour of nitrided, nitrocarburised and carburised stainless steels: introduction
  - 6.9 Austenitic-ferritic and austenitic steels: corrosion in chloride-free solutions
  - 6.10 Austenitic-ferritic and austenitic steels: corrosion in chloride-containing solutions
  - 6.11 Ferritic, martensitic and precipitation hardening stainless steels
  - 6.12 Conclusion
Part Three: Nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing
- 7: Nitriding of binary and ternary iron-based alloys
  - Abstract
  - 7.1 Introduction
  - 7.2 Strong, intermediate and weak Me–N interaction
  - 7.3 Microstructural development of the compound layer in the presence of alloying elements
  - 7.4 Microstructural development of the diffusion zone in the presence of alloying elements
  - 7.5 Kinetics of diffusion zone growth in the presence of alloying elements
  - 7.6 Conclusion
- 8: Development of the compound layer during nitriding and nitrocarburising of iron and iron-carbon alloys
  - Abstract
  - 8.1 Introduction
  - 8.2 Compound layer formation during nitriding in a NH₃/H₂ gas mixture
  - 8.3 Nitrocarburising in gas
  - 8.4 Compound layer development during salt bath nitrocarburising
  - 8.5 Post-oxidation and phase transformations in the compound layer
  - 8.6 Conclusion
- 9: Austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing of steels
  - Abstract
  - 9.1 Introduction
  - 9.2 Phase stability regions of nitrogen-containing austenite
  - 9.3 Phase transformation of nitrogen-containing austenite and its consequences for the process
  - 9.4 Phase stability and layer growth during austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing
  - 9.5 Properties resulting from austenitic nitriding and nitrocarburizing
  - 9.6 Solution nitriding and its application
- 10: Classical nitriding of heat treatable steel
  - Abstract
  - 10.1 Introduction
  - 10.2 Steels suitable for nitriding
  - 10.3 Microstructure and hardness improvement
  - 10.4 Nitriding-induced stress in steel
  - 10.5 Nitriding and improved fatigue life of steel
- 11: Plasma-assisted nitriding and nitrocarburizing of steel and other ferrous alloys
  - Abstract
  - 11.1 Introduction
  - 11.2 Glow discharge during plasma nitriding: general features
  - 11.3 Sputtering during plasma nitriding
  - 11.4 Practical aspects of sputtering and redeposition of the cathode material during plasma nitriding
  - 11.5 Plasma nitriding as a low-nitriding potential process
  - 11.6 Role of carbon-bearing gases and oxygen
  - 11.7 Practical aspects of differences in nitriding mechanism of plasma and gas nitriding processes
  - 11.8 Best applications of plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing
  - 11.9 Methods for reducing plasma nitriding limitations
  - Acknowledgements
- 12: ZeroFlow gas nitriding of steels
  - Abstract
  - 12.1 Introduction
  - 12.2 Improving gas nitriding of steels
  - 12.3 Current gas nitriding processes
  - 12.4 The principles of ZeroFlow gas nitriding
  - 12.5 Thermodynamic aspects of nitriding in atmospheres of NH₃ and of two-component NH₃ + H₂ and NH₃ + NH₃diss. mixes
  - 12.6 Kinetic aspects of nitriding in atmospheres of NH₃ and of two-component NH₃ + H₂ and NH₃ + NH₃diss. mixes
  - 12.7 Using the ZeroFlow process under industrial conditions
  - 12.8 Applications of the ZeroFlow method
  - 12.9 Conclusion
- 13: Carburizing of steels
  - Abstract
  - 13.1 Introduction
  - 13.2 Gaseous carburizing
  - 13.3 Low pressure carburizing
  - 13.4 Hardening
  - 13.5 Tempering and sub-zero treatment
  - 13.6 Material properties
  - 13.7 Furnace technology
  - 13.8 Conclusion
Part Four: Low temperature carburizing and nitriding
- 14: Low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel
  - Abstract
  - 14.1 Introduction
  - 14.2 The origins of low temperature surface engineering of stainless steel
  - 14.3 Fundamental aspects of expanded austenite
- 15: Gaseous processes for low temperature surface hardening of stainless steel
  - Abstract
  - 15.1 Introduction
  - 15.2 Surface hardening of austenitic stainless steel
  - 15.3 Residual stress in expanded austenite
  - 15.4 Prediction of nitrogen diffusion profiles in expanded austenite
  - 15.5 Surface hardening of stainless steel types other than austenite
  - 15.6 Conclusion and future trends
- 16: Plasma-assisted processes for surface hardening of stainless steel
  - Abstract
  - 16.1 Introduction
  - 16.2 Process principles and equipment
  - 16.3 Microstructure evolution
  - 16.4 Properties of surface hardened steels
  - 16.5 Conclusion and future trends
- 17: Applications of low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steels
  - Abstract
  - 17.1 Introduction
  - 17.2 Applications in the nuclear industry
  - 17.3 Applications in tubular fittings and fasteners
  - 17.4 Miscellaneous applications
  - 17.5 Conclusion
Part Five: Dedicated thermochemical surface engineering methods
- 18: Boriding to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of steels
  - Abstract
  - 18.1 Introduction
  - 18.2 Boriding of steels
  - 18.3 Mechanical characterisation of borided steels
  - 18.4 Corrosion resistance of steels exposed to boriding
  - 18.5 Conclusion
- 19: The thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion process for coating steels to improve wear resistance
  - Abstract
  - 19.1 Introduction
  - 19.2 Growth behavior of coatings
  - 19.3 High temperature borax bath carbide coating
  - 19.4 High temperature fluidized bed carbide coating
  - 19.5 Low temperature salt bath nitride coating
  - 19.6 Properties of thermo-reactive deposition (TRD) carbide/nitride coated parts
  - 19.7 Applications
  - 19.8 Conclusion
- 20: Sherardizing: corrosion protection of steels by zinc diffusion coatings
  - Abstract
  - 20.1 Introduction
  - 20.2 Pretreatment, surface preparation and processing
  - 20.3 Diffusion heat treatment
  - 20.4 Post-treatment, inspection and quality control
  - 20.5 Corrosion behavior and mechanical properties
  - 20.6 Applications
- 21: Aluminizing of steel to improve high temperature corrosion resistance
  - Abstract
  - 21.1 Introduction
  - 21.2 Thermodynamics
  - 21.3 Kinetics
  - 21.4 Aluminizing of austenitic stainless steel – experimental examples
  - 21.5 Applications
  - 21.6 Conclusion
  - Acknowledgements
Index

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