The HDL Handbook

Chapter 1. Introduction of HDL Molecules, Past and Brief Future
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 HDL May be an Independent Predictor of CHD

3 High Levels of HDL Sometimes Cause Atherosclerosis: the Example of CETP Deficiency

4 Is HDL-C Really “Good Cholesterol”?

5 Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement of HDL-C Molecules

6 Conclusion
References

Chapter 2. Apolipoprotein A-I Mutations and Clinical Evaluation
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Physiological Functions of apoA-I

3 Genomic and Protein Structure of apoA-I

4 ApoA-I Deficiencies with Large Deficiency, Inversion, Nonsense, or Frameshift Mutations

5 ApoA-I Missense Mutations with Low HDL-C

6 ApoA-I Mutations Related to Amyloidosis

7 Cysteine Mutants of apoA-I

8 Anti-Atherogenic apoA-I and apoA-IMilano

9 Conclusion
References

Chapter 3. The Complexity of High-Density Lipoproteins
Abstract

1 HDL and Cardiovascular Disease

2 What is HDL?

3 HDL Metabolism

4 Moderators of HDL Particle Distribution and Composition

5 HDL Structure

6 HDL Proteomics

7 HDL Functions

8 The Future of HDL Research
References

Chapter 4. Reverse Cholesterol Transport in HDL Metabolism: Modulation of Structural and Functional Features of HDL Particles
Abstract

1 Overall Mechanism of the Reverse Cholesterol Transport

2 Relationship Between HDL Structure and Function in Reverse Cholesterol Transport

3 Metabolic Disorders Associated with a Low HDL-C Phenotype and Dysfunctional HDL Particles

4 Inflammatory States Associated with Altered HDL Function in Reverse Cholesterol Transport

5 Genetic Variants Associated with Altered HDL Function in Reverse Cholesterol Transport

6 Conclusion
References

Chapter 5. Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters A1 and G1 in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 The Role of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Lipid Metabolism

3 Major Pathways for Cellular Cholesterol Efflux

4 Mechanisms for Cholesterol Efflux and Generation of Nascent HDL: Role of ABCA1

5 Mechanisms for Maturation of HDL Particles and Maintenance of Circulating HDL Levels: Role of ABCA1

6 The Role of ABCG1 in Cholesterol Efflux and HDL Metabolism

7 Transcriptional Regulation of ABCA1/G1

8 Posttranscriptional/Posttranslational Regulation of ABCA1/G1

9 The Role of ABCA1/G1 in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Atherosclerosis in Animal Models

10 The Role of ABCA1/G1 in Atherosclerosis in Humans

11 Therapeutic Strategies Against Atherosclerosis Involving RCT Modification

12 Conclusion
References

Chapter 6. Sphingolipids and HDL Metabolism
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Plasma HDL-SM Origination

3 Sphingolipid De Novo Synthesis and HDL Metabolism

4 Plasma SM and HDL Metabolism

5 Plasma S1P and HDL Metabolism

6 Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Levels and Cholesterol Efflux

7 Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis

8 Conclusion
References

Chapter 7. Role of Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase in HDL Metabolism and Atherosclerosis
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 LCAT Biochemistry

3 The Role of LCAT on Reverse Cholesterol Transport

4 Familial LCAT Deficiency and Fish-Eye Disease: Clinical Signs and Symptoms

5 Animal Models Exploring the Functional Role of LCAT

6 LCAT and its Role in Atherosclerosis in Human Studies

7 LCAT-Based Therapies

8 Conclusion
References

Chapter 8. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors: A Hope Remains
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 HDL-TG as a Key Component Determining Neutral Lipid Transfer

3 HDL Metabolism in CETP Deficiency

4 LDL Metabolism in CETP Deficiency

5 VLDL Metabolism in CETP Deficiency

6 Antioxidant Activity in CETP Deficiency

7 Difference of Lipoprotein Phenotype Between Homozygotes and Heterozygotes with CETP Deficiency

8 Source of CETP and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer (CET) Determinant

9 Drug Designs in Clinical Trials

10 Structural Difference of CETP Inhibitors in the Cavity of CETP

11 Differential Effects Among CETP Inhibitors

12 Perspective of CETP Inhibitor

13 Conclusion
References

Chapter 9. HDL Apoprotein Mimetic Peptides as Anti-Inflammatory Molecules
Abstract
Key Concepts

1 Introduction

2 apoA-I and the History of its Derived Mimetic Peptides

3 Anti-Atherogenic Effects of apoA-I Mimetic Peptides

4 Anti-Inflammatory Properties of apoA-I Mimetic Peptides With Cells in Culture

5 In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of apoA-I-Derived Mimetic Peptides

6 Hybrid and apoE Mimetics

7 Conclusion
References

Chapter 10. Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein: Friend or Foe
Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Clinical Relevance of oxHDL to Vascular-Related Diseases

3 Structural Alterations in HDL Components by Oxidation

4 Functional Alterations in HDL by Oxidation

5 Is oxHDL Friend or Foe?

6 Conclusion
References

Chapter 11. Current Aspects of Paraoxonase-1 Research
Abstract
Key Concepts

1 Introduction

2 PON1 and Atherosclerosis

3 Dysfunctional HDL

4 PON1 and Other Inflammatory Diseases

5 PON1 and Organophosphate Toxicity

6 PON1 and Cancer

7 PON1 and Quorum Quenching

8 PON1 and Aging

9 Conclusion
References

Chapter 12. Proteomic Diversity in HDL: A Driving Force for Particle Function and Target for Therapeutic Intervention
Abstract
Key concepts

1 Introduction to HDL-Associated Proteins

2 The Proteomic Diversity of HDL

3 Proteomic Subspeciation of HDL

4 Influence of Disease on the HDL Proteome

5 HDL Proteins as Therapeutic Targets

6 Challenges of MS-Based Analyses of the HDL Proteome

7 Conclusion