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Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • Sensory Restriction

    Effects on Behavior
    • 1st Edition
    • Duane P. Schultz
    • English
    Sensory Restriction: Effects on Behavior focuses on the presentation of experimental findings on sensory deprivation and their connection to behavior. The book first offers information on the theoretical framework and physiological effects of sensory restriction. Discussions focus on arousal and the reticular activating system; cortical arousal as a function of level of stimulus variation; possible basis for individual differences in level of arousal; galvanic skin response; biological changes; and other physiological findings. The manuscript also ponders on perceptual and motor effects, affective changes, and differences in tolerance for sensory restriction. Topics include sensory restriction research, therapeutic effects of sensory restriction, and tolerance as a function of need for stimulation. The text also ponders on the effects of social isolation, including individual and small group social isolation. The book is a valuable source of data for readers interested on the effects of sensory restriction on behavior.

  • Last Resorts

    Emergency Assistance and Special Needs Programs in Public Welfare
    • 1st Edition
    • Joel F. Handler + 1 more
    • English
    Last Resorts: Emergency Assistance and Special Needs Programs in Public Welfare studies the implementation of emergencies and special needs programs in the United States welfare system. The book examines the balance that is reached between individualized and standardized treatment to meet emergencies and special needs, two simultaneously occurring countertrends in public welfare. The monograph discusses such topics as the balance between standardization and individualization in public welfare in the American context; the impact of standardization on basic welfare programs; relationship between emergency and special needs assistance and general welfare policies; and achieving adequate coverage of special needs and emergencies. Public administrators, social workers, lawyers, and policymakers will find the book interesting.

  • People: An International Choice

    The Multilateral Approach to Population
    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael M. Salas
    • English
    People: An International Choice: The Multilateral Approach to Population focuses on the United Nations Fund for Population Activities' (UNFPA) international population policy, with emphasis on its multilateral approach to the world population problem. It examines how the UNFPA has tied its population programs with general social and economic progress. The methods that were used in building up the Fund to serve as an honest broker between the developed and the developing countries, as well as its successes and failures in responding to requests for aid, are discussed. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with an overview of the UNFPA and its principles with respect to population problems. UNFPA has three quite different constituencies within the United Nations system whose support it needs to remain viable and to develop effective programs: the donors (primarily in the developed world), the recipients (primarily in the developing world), and the organizations carrying out UNFPA-financed programs. Subsequent chapters consider the UNFPA's early population programs and the steps it has taken to address the growing population worldwide, including staff recruitment and fundraising. This monograph should be of interest to those concerned with public sector management, development assistance, and population programs, or with improving international relations.

  • Economics Private and Public Choice

    • 1st Edition
    • James D Gwartney
    • English
    Economics: Private and Public Choice is an aid for students and general readers to develop a sound economic reasoning. The book discusses several ways to economic thinking including six guideposts as follows: (i) scarce goods have costs; (ii) Decision-makers economize in their choices; (iii) Incentives are important; (iv) Decision-makers are dependent on information scarcity; (v) Economic actions can have secondary effects; and (vi) Economic thinking is scientific. The book explains the Keynesian view of money, employment, and inflation, as well as the monetarist view on the proper macropolicy, business cycle, and inflation. The book also discusses consumer decision making, the elasticity of demand, and how income influences demand. The text analyzes costs and producer decisions, the firm under pure competition, and how a competitive model functions. The book explains monopoly, and also considers the high barriers that prevent entry such as legal barriers, economies of scale, and control over important resources. The author also presents comparative economic systems such as capitalism and socialism. This book can prove useful for students and professors in economics, as well as general readers whose works are related to public service and planning in the area of economic development.

  • Population: Un Choix International

    Approche Multilatérale au Problème Démographique
    • 1st Edition
    • Rafael M. Salas
    • English

  • Life-Span Developmental Psychology

    Personality and Socialization
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul B. Baltes + 1 more
    • English
    Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Personality and Socialization presents papers on personality and socialization. The book discusses the history, theory, and psychological approaches of developmental psychology, with focus on socialization and personality development through the life span; personality dimensions; and theories of socialization and sex-role development. The text also describes the life-span perspective of creativity and cognitive styles; continuities in childhood and adult moral development revisited; and issues of intergenerational relations as they affect both individual socialization and continuity of culture. The interactional analysis of family attachments; social-learning theory as a framework for the study of adult personality development; person-perception research; and the perception of life-span development are also considered. The book further tackles the potential usefulness of the life-span developmental perspective in education; the strategies for enhancing human development over the life span through educational intervention; and some ecological implications for the organization of human intervention throughout the life span. Developmental psychologists, sociologists, gerontologists, and people involved in the study of child development will find the book invaluable.

  • Inequality in American Communities

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard F. Curtis + 1 more
    • Peter H. Rossi
    • English
    Inequality in American Communities is an empirical study of inequality in U.S. communities and its impact on individual Americans. The data for this study come from sample surveys in six American cities differing in size and region. In each survey, male heads of households were asked about attributes that ranked them in the system of inequality and about a variety of attitudes and behaviors that might be affected by their ranks. The analyses seek to determine how social rank affects various attitudes and behaviors and compare these effects from community to community. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of theoretical assumptions about community stratification, with particular reference to how a person's life is shaped by his position in a local structure of inequality. The discussion then turns to patterns of social stratification in six cities: Columbus (Ohio), Linton and Indianapolis (Indiana), and Yuma, Safford, and Phoenix (Arizona). The distributions of various rank variables, such as income and education, in these cities are described, along with the ways in which they are related to form systems of inequality. A basic model of the processes of stratification is also presented. The remaining chapters explore the consequences of social rank and cover topics ranging from social participation and political ideology to anomia and intolerance. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists.

  • Casebook of Organizational Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Andrew J. Dubrin
    • English
    Casebook of Organizational Behavior provides a panorama of absorbing, appropriately complex, modern cases from a diversity of work and organizations. The cases chosen are designed to illustrate a wide range of organizational behavior concepts and principles, those ordinarily described and discussed in any comprehensive textbook in organizational behavior. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 44 chapters. It rests upon a foundation of cases about human behavior in organizations drawn from a wide variety of settings. Cases in each chapter are chosen to illustrate concepts that fall under the particular chapter heading, but the classification is not rigid. Each case is accompanied by several questions designed to focus the student's attention upon some of the more important issues raised by the case. After a brief introduction to guidelines for case analysis, this book goes on focusing on individual cases, structured under the general topics of work motivation, the human element in decision making, stresses in managerial and professional life, and political maneuvering in organizations. The next two parts are devoted to cases of small-groups and organizational behavior. Emphasis in small groups is places upon cases that have the most relevance for knowledge workers, including managers, professionals, technical and sales personnel, while in organization behavior focuses on bringing about changes in organizations, yet many of these changes are initiated at the individual and small-group level. This book is of value to college and university undergraduate and masters level courses, and in programs of management development.

  • Negotiation Behavior

    • 1st Edition
    • Dean G. Pruitt
    • Peter Warr
    • English
    Negotiation Behavior is a theoretical synthesis of what is known about negotiation as a general phenomenon. The principles presented are illustrated with examples of negotiation from many specific realms. A great deal of attention is devoted to the motives, perceptions, and other microprocesses underlying the behavior of negotiators and to the results of laboratory experiments on negotiation. Comprised of seven chapters, this book begins by defining negotiation and contrasting it with other forms of multiparty decision making, along with its significance and the nature of research on the subject. Two fundamental theoretical notions are presented: the strategic choice model and the goal/expectation hypothesis. Subsequent chapters focus on where bargainers place their demands as well as the strategies they use to foster their interests while moving toward agreement. The reader is introduced to key concepts such as demand level and concession rate, competitive tactics, and coordinative behavior, together with integrative agreements and third-party intervention in negotiation (mediation and arbitration). This monograph will be of value to practitioners in the fields of organizational and occupational psychology, social psychology, economics, industrial relations, and international relations.

  • Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism

    • 1st Edition
    • David Z. Levine
    • Charles Tilly + 1 more
    • English
    Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism deals with the impact of early capitalism on the strategies of family formation among four sets of English villagers in the period before the wholesale switch-over to factory industry. This era, roughly speaking from 1550 to 1850, has been variously described as ""traditional,"" ""preindustrial,"" and, more recently, ""protoindustrial."" However, the author sees it as a stage in the transition from feudalism to capitalism—a halfway house. The book begins by placing the study in the context of the larger debate concerning nascent capitalism, early rural industrialization, and the growth of population. Separate chapters then discuss the growth and structure of the framework knitting industry in Shepshed and the social implications of this economic change; the patterns of immigration, population turnover, and generational replacement in Shepshed and Bottesford; and industrial involution and domestic organization in 1851. Subsequent chapters deal with the demographic implications of rural industrialization; the relationship between economic opportunity and family formation; and relationships among the expectation of marriage, bridal pregnancy, and illegitimacy.

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