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Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • The Psychology of Reading

    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Insup Taylor + 1 more
    • English
    The Psychology of Reading provides a fair and coherent overall picture of how reading is done and how it is best taught. It aims to relate reading to writing systems, analyze the process of reading from several viewpoints using research from diverse disciplines, and develop a model of reading to explain reading processes all the way from letter recognition to reading whole texts. The book describes how children learn to read in different scripts, by different methods, and at different ages. It discusses different components of reading—eye movements, letter and word recognition, sentence and prose reading, and so on, in beginning readers, in skilled or unskilled readers, as well as dyslexic readers. Brain-damaged patients with selective impairment of different components provide a ""natural laboratory"" to compare reading processes within one script as well as across different scripts. The more types of readers, scripts, and components examined, the better the picture of reading processes drawn. This book is a text for college students as well as a reference book for professionals in psychology, education, linguistics, and other related fields.

  • Behavior of Nonhuman Primates

    Modern Research Trends
    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Allan M. Schrier + 2 more
    • English
    Behavior of Nonhuman Primates: Modern Research Trends focuses on research on the behavior of nonhuman primates, including social behavior, life history, and discrimination. The selection first offers information on the affectional systems and determinants of social behavior in young chimpanzees. Topics include infant-mother, maternal, age-mate or peer, and paternal affectional systems, social behavior of young chimpanzees, and the effects of arousal level on social responsiveness. The publication also takes a look at ontogeny of perception and learning and age changes in chimpanzees. Discussions focus on performance on formal tests of behavior, life history, classical conditioning, locomotion and manipulation, single-problem discrimination, and learning sets. The manuscript examines investigative behavior, as well as maintenance of behavior in nonhuman primates by investigatable rewards and determinants of investigative behavior. The publication also evaluates the radiation syndrome and field studies. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the behavior of nonhuman primates.

  • A Guaranteed Annual Income

    Evidence from a Social Experiment
    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Philip K. Robins + 2 more
    • English
    A Guaranteed Annual Income: Evidence from a Social Experiment brings together the first accounting of evidence on the impact of the Seattle/Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments (SIME/DIME) on participating individuals and families. It is based on a selection of papers delivered to policymakers, program administrators, and researchers at a conference held at Orcas Island, Washington, in May 1978. The conference, sponsored by HEW and the State of Washington, represented the first effort to disseminate to a wide audience the findings emerging from early analyses. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents a general introduction to the experimental design, results, and data. Part II presents the experimental effects on work behavior for various family members, including results on job satisfaction, the demand for childcare on the part of single mothers, and the incorporation of the labor supply results into a simulation of national welfare reform alternatives. Part III discusses the experimental effects on family behavior, including marital stability, psychological effects, and effects on the demand for children (fertility). Part IV contains five studies of how the benefits were used by the families, including effects on migration, education and training, demand for assets, and the use of subsidized housing programs.

  • The Practitioner's Handbook to the Social Services

    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Alfred H. Haynes
    • English
    The Practitioner's Handbook to the Social Services contains practical help for social welfare officer on patient's social problems. This handbook is composed of 14 chapters and begins with a brief introduction to services offered by social services. The succeeding chapters deal with various forms of social services, including Regional Hospital Boards, Local Health Authorities, Environmental Health Services, Family Allowances and National Insurance, War Pensioner’s Welfare Service, National Assistance Board, and Ministry of Labor and National Service. Other chapters consider the social services offered by County and County Borough Welfare Services under various legal provisions. The final chapters tackle services concerning housing, legal aid, adoption of children, and guardianship of infants. Social service workers will find this book invaluable.

  • Genetics, Environment, and Behavior

    Implications for Educational Policy
    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Lee Ehrman + 2 more
    • English
    Genetics, Environment, and Behavior: Implications for Educational Policy is a collection of papers from the "Genetic Endowment and Environment in the Determination of Behavior" workshop in New York in October 1971. The book discusses the relationships between genetic characteristics and behavior as being significant in understanding human behavior and learning. The text also considers the different approaches made by geneticists and psychologists on this subject. Several papers review, in terms of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, the role that genetics and the environment play in determining behavior. One paper explains the possible role of genetic determination in behaviors as found in mice and men that show high probabilities of heritabilities. Another paper tackles biochemical genetics and explains the evolution of human behavior by addressing the enzyme variations in human brains and the role of language and culture. The book also cites gene-environment interactions and the variability that can be found in behavior with references to the works of Ginsburg (1967) and Vale and Vale (1969). One paper comments on the future of human behavior genetics, highlighting the distinction between what should happen and what most probably will happen. This text is suitable for sociologists, behavioral scientists, geneticists, educators, and students in psychology, psychiatry, and related branches of medicine.

  • Social Policy and Sociology

    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • N. J. Demerath + 2 more
    • English
    Social Policy and Sociology explores the relationship between social policy and sociology and covers topics such as social inequities and individual stress in the family cycle. America's youth and their problems are also given attention, along with the relationship between graduate training and federal funding. Comprised of 24 chapters, this book begins with an assessment of the proper relationship between sociology and public policy, and whether sociologists should become actively engaged in social engineering. Methods of training graduate students for doing policy research are also discussed. Subsequent chapters explore community planning and poverty; policy implications of race relations; formal models as a guide to social policy; and the interrelationships between governmental policy, social structure, and public values. Social problems such as alcoholism and drug addiction are also considered, together with the changing relationship between government support and graduate training. Finally, the what and why of policy research in sociology are examined, and possible changes in graduate training and professional practice in sociology are evaluated. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists as well as social and public policymakers.

  • Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior

    An Applied Perspective
    • 2nd Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Andrew J. DuBrin
    • English
    Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective, Second Edition examines the behavior of people in organizations. Topics covered range from political maneuvering in organizations (office politics) to the stresses facing people in managerial and professional positions. A conceptual framework for organizational behavior is presented, along with numerous case illustrations and examples from live organizational settings. This monograph consists of 14 chapters and opens with an introduction to organizational behavior and how it is influenced by principles of human behavior. The three main subareas or schools of management thought are discussed, together with the difference between knowledge work and non-knowledge work; how research and theory contribute to an understanding of organizational behavior; and the distinction between structure and process. The following chapters explore how the meaning of work relates to work motivation, as well as the link between work motivation and job performance; behavioral aspects of decision making; stresses in managerial and professional life; and political maneuvering in organizations. Small group behavior, leadership styles, and interpersonal communications are also considered, along with intergroup conflict and organizational effectiveness. This book will be of interest to students, managers, and staff specialists, as well as behavioral scientists and management theorists.

  • Social Structure and Behavior

    Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell
    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Robert M. Hauser + 2 more
    • English
    Social Structure and Behavior: Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell is a collection of 16 essays dealing with the social psychological aspects of schooling and achievement, social stratification and mobility, measurements and methods, and social structures and wellbeing. The collection discusses the political dimension of stratification, the results of observation of first-graders in their reading group assignments against their social background, and stereotyping practices held by dominant groups of society. Anther papers use a causal model to analyze occupational status and earnings of Cuban exiles in the U.S.; other authors discuss the effects of institutionalization of formal employment in Brazil, and propose a revision of the Duncan Scale by a more comprehensive set of occupational prestige scale. The book also analyzes measurements of ranked preferences using a single latent factor behind the ranked items. One authors points that some sociological terms can be misleading in propounding a sound theory when these terms themselves confound what they are supposed to correlate. The text also addresses the fundamental problems concerning welfare that include order, collective action, and consensus. This collection of essays can interest social workers, sociologists, psychologists, and researchers involved in community development.

  • Introduction to Psychology for Medical Students

    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • R. R. Hetherington + 2 more
    • English
    Introduction to Psychology for Medical Students deals with general psychology aimed for medical undergraduate students. The book discusses psychology and its relevance to medicine, particularly on the relation of the mind and the treatment of physical diseases. The authors explain perceiving and imagining; and how perception is dependent on past experience or learning, and the effects of motivation and of mood on perception. The authors also discuss abstract and concrete thinking, emotional use of words, unconscious thinking, creative thinking, learning, and remembering. The unconscious process of forgetting of unwelcome memories is repression, while consciously trying to forget them is suppression. The authors also explain normal conflict, frustration, and reaction to stress including the physical aspects of emotions causing increases in blood pressure, in adrenaline flow, or in blood glucose level. The authors also discuss the hypnotic states, individual susceptibility, the induction of hypnotic states, and their clinical applications. This book is intended for medical undergraduate students, as well as to general readers interested in psychology and human behavior.

  • Psychological Development in the Elementary Year

    • 1st Edition
    • September 17, 2013
    • Judith Worell
    • English
    Psychological Development in the Elementary Years is the second in a series of reviews relating current theory and research on psychological development to educational practice. The book discusses the significance and change in psychological sex roles; peer relations; and the development and regulation of aggression in young children. The text also describes the acquisition of self-control; the developmental trends in the learning processes; and the foundations and direction of cognitive development. The theory and research on children's achievement; the family influences on language and cognitive development and the personal and social causation in the school context are also considered. The book further tackles the behavioral perspective of children with learning and behavior problems. Psychologists, psychiatrists, behavioral psychologists, and students taking related courses will find the book invaluable.

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