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Books in Social sciences and humanities

  • The Brain and Psychology

    • 1st Edition
    • M. C. Wittrock
    • English
    The Brain and Psychology reports on recent findings of research on the brain. The book is organized into three parts. Part I deals with the organization of the brain, including its structural and its functional organizations The discussions cover the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the brain; and the functional organization of the brain (the psychological and behavioral functions of structures in the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and forebrain, especially the cerebral cortex). Part II describes research on the information-processi... systems of the brain. It covers attention and its motivational and emotional controls; visual perception and memory; and a model of language structures of the brain; and cerebral asymmetry in cognitive processes and individual differences in brain function. Part III relates the research on the brain to several problems in psychology as these relationships are perceived by a brain researcher, a developmental psychologist, and an educational psychologist.

  • Emotions in Early Development

    • 1st Edition
    • Robert Plutchik + 1 more
    • English
    Emotions in Early Development reviews important theoretical advances in the understanding of emotions in early development, paying particular attention to issues such as the extent to which infants are born with certain emotions; how one infers the existence of emotion in infants; and the relations between emotion and cognition. The connection between emotions and personality is also discussed, along with the role of parent-child interactions in the appearance and development of emotions. Comprised of 11 chapters, this volume begins with a summary of issues in the development of emotion in infancy, from the function of emotions to the problem of labeling affects in infants as well as the development of smile, stranger anxiety, and the sense of self. The next chapter examines the parent-infant communication system, with emphasis on the two-way, primarily nonverbal, interaction that takes place between mother and infant and the nature of the learning processes that occur in both the infant and the mother. The reader is then introduced to a concept known as social referencing, or the use of emotional information gained from another person to help evaluate situations. Subsequent chapters focus on individual differences in emotional expressions observed in one-year-old infants; Piaget's theory of cognitive development and its implications for a theory of emotions; emotional sequences and consequences; and the relationship between attachment and separation processes in infancy. The final chapter integrates an epigenetic view of emotions with psychoanalytic concepts. This book will be of interest to child psychologists.

  • Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior

    An Applied Perspective
    • 2nd Edition
    • Andrew J. DuBrin
    • English
    Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective, Second Edition examines the behavior of people in organizations. Topics covered range from political maneuvering in organizations (office politics) to the stresses facing people in managerial and professional positions. A conceptual framework for organizational behavior is presented, along with numerous case illustrations and examples from live organizational settings. This monograph consists of 14 chapters and opens with an introduction to organizational behavior and how it is influenced by principles of human behavior. The three main subareas or schools of management thought are discussed, together with the difference between knowledge work and non-knowledge work; how research and theory contribute to an understanding of organizational behavior; and the distinction between structure and process. The following chapters explore how the meaning of work relates to work motivation, as well as the link between work motivation and job performance; behavioral aspects of decision making; stresses in managerial and professional life; and political maneuvering in organizations. Small group behavior, leadership styles, and interpersonal communications are also considered, along with intergroup conflict and organizational effectiveness. This book will be of interest to students, managers, and staff specialists, as well as behavioral scientists and management theorists.

  • Applied Developmental Psychology

    Volume 1
    • 1st Edition
    • Frederick J Morrison + 2 more
    • English
    Applied Developmental Psychology is a collection of papers from different experts in the field of psychology in an attempt to put forth a vision of psychology as a developmental science through its applications in different studies. The book covers topics such as the history, the “applied” perspective, and a research strategy for psychology; rationale for the focus and the status of studying, as well as societal and psychological trends related to studying; and the study of the cognitive process related to watching of television. Also covered are topics such as the development of peer relations in children with autism and the studies of stress-resistant children. The text is recommended to psychologists, especially those who would like to research on how the field can be viewed as a developmental science.

  • Strategic Perspectives on Social Policy

    Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies
    • 1st Edition
    • John E. Tropman + 2 more
    • English
    Strategic Perspectives on Social Policy is a collection of readings that provide insights into social policy processes, analysis, and implication. The goal is to locate social policy within a context that suggests the possibility of a wider array of choices for the policymakers. The distinction between social policy and social program is given emphasis. This book has 14 chapters divided into four sections. The first section deals with the relation between politics and policy, with emphasis on the link between social science and social policy as well as on the influence of social values on the direction of policy. The next section illustrates some of the critical skills and technologies that may be used to facilitate the process of making choices and decisions. Topics covered include policy research and analysis; the development and structuring of policy; policy purveyance and implementation; and assessment and evaluation of policy. The chapters that follow explore some of the more important contexts of the ""loci"" of social change, along with the kinds of mechanisms that may be used to make choices operational. This monograph is intended for policymakers and others interested in the policy-making process, as well as for students and teachers in the areas of political science, sociology, social work, public policy, and social planning.

  • Social Policy and Sociology

    • 1st Edition
    • N. J. Demerath + 2 more
    • English
    Social Policy and Sociology explores the relationship between social policy and sociology and covers topics such as social inequities and individual stress in the family cycle. America's youth and their problems are also given attention, along with the relationship between graduate training and federal funding. Comprised of 24 chapters, this book begins with an assessment of the proper relationship between sociology and public policy, and whether sociologists should become actively engaged in social engineering. Methods of training graduate students for doing policy research are also discussed. Subsequent chapters explore community planning and poverty; policy implications of race relations; formal models as a guide to social policy; and the interrelationships between governmental policy, social structure, and public values. Social problems such as alcoholism and drug addiction are also considered, together with the changing relationship between government support and graduate training. Finally, the what and why of policy research in sociology are examined, and possible changes in graduate training and professional practice in sociology are evaluated. This monograph will be of interest to sociologists as well as social and public policymakers.

  • Feelings and Emotions

    The Loyola Symposium
    • 1st Edition
    • Magda B. Arnold
    • English
    Feelings and Emotions: The Loyola Symposium covers knowledge in the field of emotion. The book discusses the theories of emotions based on biological considerations; the neural and physiological correlates of feeling and emotion; and cognitive theories of feeling and emotion. The text also describes the psychological approaches to the study of emotion; the mood theory and measurement; as well as the developments related to the search for significant relations between private events and both behavioral and physiological events. The role of feelings and emotions in personality is also encompassed. Psychologists, physiologists, anthropologists, sociologists, biochemists, psychiatrists, and students taking psychology courses will find the book useful.

  • A Guaranteed Annual Income

    Evidence from a Social Experiment
    • 1st Edition
    • Philip K. Robins + 2 more
    • English
    A Guaranteed Annual Income: Evidence from a Social Experiment brings together the first accounting of evidence on the impact of the Seattle/Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments (SIME/DIME) on participating individuals and families. It is based on a selection of papers delivered to policymakers, program administrators, and researchers at a conference held at Orcas Island, Washington, in May 1978. The conference, sponsored by HEW and the State of Washington, represented the first effort to disseminate to a wide audience the findings emerging from early analyses. The book is divided into four parts. Part I presents a general introduction to the experimental design, results, and data. Part II presents the experimental effects on work behavior for various family members, including results on job satisfaction, the demand for childcare on the part of single mothers, and the incorporation of the labor supply results into a simulation of national welfare reform alternatives. Part III discusses the experimental effects on family behavior, including marital stability, psychological effects, and effects on the demand for children (fertility). Part IV contains five studies of how the benefits were used by the families, including effects on migration, education and training, demand for assets, and the use of subsidized housing programs.

  • Models for Public Systems Analysis

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward J. Beltrami
    • J. William Schmidt
    • English
    Models for Public Systems Analysis considers the mathematical model formulation to improve the delivery of urban service systems, such as sanitation, fire, police, and ambulances. This book is composed of five chapters that demonstrate the translation of significant societal problems into a mathematical framework, as well as the advantages and limitations of these models. Chapter 1 deals with the issue of plant location and siting questions, with a brief overview of water resource modeling, while Chapter 2 provides set-covering models for manpower scheduling as a direct outgrowth of the author's experience with the Sanitation Department in New York City. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the delivery of emergency services, particularly with models of congestion and delay and of optimal deployment. These chapters also present probabilistic analysis in nature since both the spatial and the temporal patterns of demand are intrinsically uncertain. The tools used are queueing theory and geometric probability. Chapter 5 examines network optimization methods, mainly to explore questions of vehicle routing and scheduling. This chapter also provides a few comments on large-scale models of urban growth, these being generally more familiar to the regional planner then to the operations analyst. This book will prove useful to applied mathematics and policy science students.

  • Schizophrenia

    A Life-Course Developmental Perspective
    • 1st Edition
    • Elaine F. Walker
    • English
    Schizophrenia: A Life-Course Developmental Perspective covers research findings and ideas concerning the entire life course of schizophrenia. The book discusses research on life-span development in schizophrenia; the genetic and perinatal factors in the etiology of schizophrenia; as well as the neurobehavioral development of infants at risk for schizophrenia. The text also describes the early social and affective development in schizophrenic offspring; the clinical presentation, onset, early developmental patterns, course, and treatment of childhood-onset schizophrenia; and the prediction of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence. The cognitive and linguistic functions of adolescent children at risk for schizophrenia; longitudinal studies of premorbid development of adult schizophrenics; and the ontogenetic implications of sex differences in schizophrenia are also considered. The book further tackles emotion and attachment in families of schizophrenics; late-onset schizophrenia; and the development of liability to schizophrenia. The text then encompasses the developmental trajectories in schizophrenia. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and people working on the research about schizophrenia will find the book invaluable.

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