Social sciences and humanities print books and ebooks | Elsevier

Hurting Memories and Beneficial Forgetting

1st Edition
January 7, 2013
Michael Linden + 1 more
English
Paperback
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Memories are indispensable for individuals as well as social groups. Forgetting not only means loss of functioning but also loss of identity. Memories can also be hurting and cause problems, as research on posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) has shown. This is true for individuals as well as social groups and even societies. Memories and especially negative memories can escape the control of the individual. Many political conflicts can only be understood when taking history and memories into account. In this volume a comprehensive scientific overview is given on the development of "hurting memories" in individuals and societies. Consequences are described, i.e. from mental disorders in individuals, like PTSD or other neurotic disorders, to societal tensions and conflicts, from South Africa to Northern Europe. Additionally, "beneficial forgetting" is discussed, from treatments of individuals to reconciliation between social groups. The contrasting of "hurting memories and beneficial forgetting" can help to understand, that memories can have positive and negative results and that it is difficult to decide when to support memories and when forgetting.

Groups in Contact

1st Edition
September 11, 2013
Norman S. Miller + 1 more
English
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Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation uses the contact hypothesis as a point of departure and provides new data obtained in a variety of social contexts. The contact hypothesis states that attitudes toward a disliked social group will become more positive with increased interpersonal interaction. The various chapters provide a picture of the desegregation process as a complex interplay between the cognitive processes within the individual and the structural features of the social environment. What emerges is an expanded theory of contact based on social categorization and social comparison processes. The book is organized into three parts. The chapters in Part I deal with issues of intergroup contact in a wide range of cultures and settings, each focusing on a particular social or political factor that influences receptivity to intergroup interaction and affects its outcomes. The chapters in Part II review the effects of specific interventions that have been introduced into desegregation settings with the intent of improving intergroup acceptance in those settings. Part III provides a systematic integration of the preceding chapters within a common theoretical framework. Although this book is written primarily from the perspective of social psychology, it is intended for students of intergroup relations in all disciplines. It was also written with policymakers, as well as social science researchers, in mind.

Test Booklet for Invitation to Psychology

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Victor Benassi + 1 more
English
Paperback
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eBook
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Test Booklet for Invitation to Psychology contains approximately 2000 multiple-choice questions that test mastery of the concepts and information presented in the 20 chapters and statistics appendix of Invitation to Psychology. The topics covered in these chapters include the following: the definition of psychology; the psychological basis of behavior; sensation and perception; states of awareness; learning, memory, and cognition; motivation and emotion; abnormal psychology and social behavior. In each chapter, questions are arranged in the order in which concepts are presented. The correct answer to each question is indicated by an asterisk. A text-page reference enables instructors to crosscheck from the text and to prepare tests and examinations on material that students have read. In preparing this second test file, the authors have modified or deleted those original questions that proved to be vague or difficult for students and have taken care to include a good blend of factual and conceptual questions. Although some are similar to questions in the first test file, most are new items that have been developed through the authors' own classroom use of the text and ancillary materials.

Human Memory

1st Edition
December 21, 2013
Mary B. Howes + 1 more
English
Hardback
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eBook
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While memory research has recently focused on brain images and neurological underpinnings of transmitters, Human Memory: A Constructivist View assesses how our individual identity affects what we remember, why and how. This book brings memory back to the constructivist questions of how all the experiences of an individual, up to the point of new memory input, help to determine what that person pays attention to, how that information is interpreted, and how all that ultimately affects what goes into memory and how it is stored. This also affects what can be recalled later and what kind of memory distortions are likely to occur. The authors describe constructionist theories of memory, what they predict, how this is borne out in research findings, presenting everyday life examples for better understanding of the material and interest. Intended for memory researchers and graduate level courses, this book is an excellent summary of human memory research from the constructivist perspective.

Progress in Behavior Modification

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Michel Hersen + 2 more
English
Paperback
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Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 11 covers the developments in the study of behavior modification. The book discusses the pluralistic psychology of behavior change; the methodological issues in child behavior therapy; and the interpersonal-skills training with adolescents. The text also describes the behavior modification of work and work-related problems; the behavioral treatment of migraine and muscle-contraction headaches; and the modification of children's social withdrawal. An assessment of hyperactive children, with regard to the psychometric, methodological, and practical considerations, is considered. Psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists will find the book invaluable.

Security Risks in Social Media Technologies

1st Edition
July 31, 2013
Alan Oxley
English
Paperback
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eBook
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Security measures can be used by management, IT staff, and users in participatory/collab... service provision within the public sector. Security Risks in Social Media Technologies explores this use. Topics are targeted, and issues raised and lessons learnt are analyzed. The book helps the reader understand the risks posed by relevant Web 2.0 applications and gives clear guidance on how to mitigate those risks. The body of the book is concerned with social media, the dominant Web 2.0 technology associated with security in the public sector, and is structured into eight chapters. The first chapter introduces the background for the work; the second covers uses of social media; the third covers relevant security threats; the fourth chapter concerns the security controls applied to the participation-collab... pattern; the fifth chapter then considers acceptable use practices; the sixth chapter covers participation-collab... in the context of schools; the seventh chapter shows an alternative way of classifying controls to that given in the fourth chapter; and the final chapter offers a conclusion.

Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Joseph Galaskiewicz
English
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Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy: A Study of Business Philanthropy and Nonprofit Organizations explains the elites, corporate wealth, and human service organizations as players in the urban grants economy. The focus of study is the Twin Cities of Minneapolis-St. Paul. The book discusses social institutions that support an economy of donative transfers, and how these institutions influence who gives, who gets, and who gives to whom. Emphasis is on the belief system that has influence over corporate contributions, boundary-spanning agency roles that have an active role in reducing transactional costs, and selective incentives that have been used to elicit participation. The text also analyzes the volume of corporate contributions in relation to the market position held by the firm and the social position of the executives in the community. Each firm has different rationalizations for its contributions. The role of the agencies has also developed to overcome some uncertainties present in the corporation's contributing to nonprofits organizations. The text focuses on the production of collective goods, the peer-group which ensures participation in the collective enterprise, the institutionalization and socialization of values, as well as, the interaction of various agency roles. The book can prove valuable for social scientists, for heads of non-profit organizations, for officials of social and welfare departments of local governments, or for political scientists, economists, and historians.

Developmental Follow-Up

1st Edition
September 11, 2013
Sarah L. Friedman + 1 more
English
Hardback
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Developmental Follow-Up: Concepts, Domains, and Methods is a compendium of papers that deals with developmental follow-up research, follow-up studies, criterion assessment variables and instruments, as well as analyses of developmental data. The book discusses the historical, theoretical, and methodological considerations in developmental follow-up strategies. Some papers review the history of developmental follow-up research from the early 1920s to the late 1980s, with some insights into future-oriented themes. The book also cites as an example the study of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development. Other papers address health surveillance and child development, including early cognitive development and the contribution of peer interaction. Some papers consider the experimental design and data analysis such as those concerning planning for follow-up studies that will involve finances, time and resources, as well as the career impact for the investigator. Another paper reviews the significance of the time when children in the United States received a significant amount of care from someone who was not their mother. The book also discusses the role of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development propelled by societal change in a postindustrial age. The text can prove valuable for psychologists, developmental scientists, social workers, and practitioners involved in human behavioral sciences and policy studies.

Statistical Studies of Historical Social Structure

1st Edition
October 22, 2013
Kenneth W. Wachter + 2 more
E. A. Hammel
English
Paperback
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Statistical Studies of Historical Social Structure articulates and applies concepts from statistics into historical investigations of pre-industrial English households. The book provides statistical reports on household composition and demographic influences and uses simulation in the study of problems in historical structure. Chapters are devoted to computer simulation experiments; presentation and analysis of English household composition data; correlation of English patriline extinction with social mobility; and how age distribution affects English social structure. Statisticians, historians, demographers, researchers, and students will find the book interesting.

Social Accounting Systems

1st Edition
September 3, 2013
F. Thomas Juster + 1 more
English
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Social Accounting Systems: Essays on the State of the Art contains essays prepared during a workshop aimed at the development and promulgation of objectives for future work on social accounting, and the making of recommendations to achieve them by evaluating existing demographic and time-based accounting models. The essays describe and evaluate the state of the art of extant empirically based approaches to social accounting. The book opens with an overview chapter that describes the organizations of the Workshop on Social Accounting Systems at which the essays were presented and discussed, the nature of the tasks assigned to authors, and the major themes of workshop discussions. This is followed by separate chapters on time-based social accounting systems and demographic accounting; how subjective social indicators can be related to social accounting systems; and general evaluations of the systems described in the previous chapters. This book will be primarily of interest to social scientists and statisticians concerned with the development and integration of national data systems and with social indicator analyses. They also will be germane to the interests of students of contemporary social change and the quality of life.

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