Engineering Tribology, Fifth Edition takes an interdisciplinary approach to the key concepts and engineering implications of tribology, bringing together the relevant knowledge needed from different fields to achieve effective analysis and control of friction and wear. This edition has been updated to include new content on computational evaluation of cavitation effects in hydrodynamic bearings, the electrical properties of lubricants, coverage of gas and foil bearings, local directional fractal signature methods, tribochemistry and mechanical activation, removal of oxide films, models of mechanical activation, advancing tribology with artificial intelligence, modeling, and simulation, and much more. Suitable as an introductory text, a refresher, or an on-the-job-reference, Engineering Tribology, Fifth Editon is also relevant for those working in applied chemistry and bioengineering.
Sensors, Circuits, and Systems for Scientific Instruments: Fundamentals and Front-Ends presents a unified treatment of modern measurement systems by integrating relevant knowledge in sensors, circuits, signal processing, and machine learning. It also presents detailed case studies of several real-life measurement systems to illustrate how theoretical analysis and high-level designs are translated into working scientific instruments.The book is meant for upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students in electrical and computer engineering, applied physics, and biomedical engineering. It is designed to fill a gap in the market between books focused on specific components of measurement systems (semiconductor devices, analog circuits, digital signal processing, etc.) and books that provide a high-level "survey" or "handbook"-type overview of a wide range of sensors and measurement systems.
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BCB) combine elements of computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics, and biotechnology, providing the methodology and in silico solutions to mine biological data and processes, for knowledge discovery.In the era of molecular diagnostics, targeted drug design, translational medicine and Big Data for personalized medicine, computational methods for data analysis are essential tools for biochemistry, biology, biotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical and computer science, as well as mathematics and statistics. New areas are emerging, and relatively isolated fields are becoming current hot research areas in BCB, such as Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Biology, Computational Vaccinology, Epidemiology and Infection Diffusion, Synthetic Biology, and Phenomics. The role of BCB in characterizing SARS-CoV-2 variants and facing the COVID-19 pandemic is just one example of how these tools can help us better prepare for such future events.This Encyclopedia comprises three sections, covering Methods, Topics, and Applications. The methodologies and algorithms underpinning BCB are described in the Methods section; Topics covers traditional areas such as phylogeny, as well as more recent areas such as translational bioinformatics, cheminformatics and environmental informatics; Applications provides guidance for commonly asked “how to” questions.Navigating the maze of confusing jargon and the plethora of software tools is often confronting for students and researchers alike. This comprehensive and unique resource provides up-to-date theory and application content to address molecular data analysis requirements, with precise definitions of terminology and lucid explanations by field experts.
Chalcone is one of the most versatile scaffolds with wide range of applications. It is used as a precursor for diverse classes of organic molecules, natural flavonoids and possesses interesting biological activities and physical properties like semiconductor, non-linear optical, fluorescence, and electronic properties to name a few. Chalcones have been the subject of intense research due to their biological activities and the ability to tweak their biological activity and other properties by small changes along the a, b-unsaturated backbone. Besides their inherent biological activities, they have found uses in food industry and cosmetic industry as additives, due to their UV protection properties. They have also found applications as chemosensors and probes. These diverse features make chalcones one of the most fascinating molecules Chalcones and their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Applications features this molecule, different methods and approaches to synthesis, significance of this scaffold in biology, and other diverse fields. It serves as a comprehensive literature guide for researchers and a reference material for the postgraduate students involved with the development and use of chalcone based molecules.
Primate Adaptation and Evolution, Fourth Edition provides key features of extant families and references to more detailed texts. The book sets the scene and creates space for a thorough updating of exciting developments in primate paleontology and a reconstruction through early hominid species of our own human origins. This updated version covers recent developments in primate paleontology, the latest taxonomy, and includes new visuals, including helpful illustrations and evolutionary trees. It is an ideal text for undergraduate and post-graduate students studying the evolution and functional ecology of primates and early fossil hominids.The book retains its grounding in the extant primate groups as the best way to understand the fossil trail and evolution of these modern forms. However, this coverage is now more streamlined, referring to the many new and excellent books on living primate ecology and adaptation - a field that has burgeoned since this book's first publication.
Modern Cosmology, Third Edition provides a detailed introduction to the field of cosmology. Beginning with the smooth, homogeneous universe described by a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric, this trusted resource includes careful treatments of dark energy, big bang nucleosynthesis, recombination, and dark matter. The reader is then introduced to perturbations about an FLRW universe: their evolution with the Einstein-Boltzmann equations, their primordial generation by inflation, and their observational consequences: the acoustic peaks in the CMB; the E/B decomposition in polarization; gravitational lensing of the CMB and large-scale structure; and the BAO standard ruler and redshift-space distortions in galaxy clustering.This revised third edition includes updates such as new sections on gravitational waves, line intensity mapping, and emergent analysis techniques; expanded sections of CMB secondaries; and revised figures and pedagogy. These revisions serve to enhance a comprehensive foundational text, as well as provide users with improvements that are aligned with recent advances in the field, as well as modern focuses in the classroom.
Inorganic Chemistry Fourth Edition provides essential information for students of inorganic chemistry and is updated throughout. The presentation of topics is made with an effort to be clear and concise so that the book is portable and user friendly. The text emphasizes fundamental principles—including molecular structure, acid-base chemistry, coordination chemistry, ligand field theory, and solid state chemistry. It is organized into five major themes (structure, condensed phases, solution chemistry, main group and coordination compounds) with several chapters in each. There is a logical progression from atomic structure to molecular structure to properties of substances based on molecular structures, to behavior of solids, etc.The textbook contains a balance of topics in theoretical and descriptive chemistry. For example, the hard-soft interaction principle is used to explain hydrogen bond strengths, strengths of acids and bases, stability of coordination compounds, etc. Discussion of elements begins with survey chapters focused on the main groups, while later chapters cover the elements in greater detail. Each chapter opens with narrative introductions and includes figures, tables, and end-of-chapter problem sets.This new edition features updates throughout, with an emphasis on bioinorganic chemistry and a new chapter on nanostructures and graphene. More in-text worked-out examples encourage active learning and prepare students for their exams.This text is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students enrolled in the Inorganic Chemistry course. This core course serves Chemistry and other science majors. The book may also be suitable for biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and other professionals who wish to learn more about this subject area.
The global smart cities market size was valued at USD 1,226.9 billion in 2022 and is expected to register a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.8% from 2023 to 2030. Firstly and visually, a smart city is a city that has no traffic jams. In the smart cities, both information and communication technologies are integrated for exchanging real-time data between their citizens, governments, and organisations. Blockchain has been considered as the key driver for development of smart cities. Blockchain technology can provide high security for large communications and transactions between many stakeholders in the smart cities. In addition, digital twins are also considered as the starting key for construction of smart cities. Digital twin refers to a simulation of physical products in virtual space. This simulation makes full use of physical models/wireless sensor networks/ historical data of city operation to integrate big information (digital twin cities) under multi-discipline, multi-physical quantities, multi-scale, and multi-probability. Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City explores how digital twins and blockchain can be used in smart cities. Section 1 deals with their promising applications for safe and healthy cities, respectively. Section 2 covers other promising applications and current perspectives of blockchain and digital twin for future smart cities. Together with its companion volume, Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the City, this book will help us make sense of the vast amount of data around the city, and will guide us to use that data to create happy, healthy, safe and productive lives.
Near-Boundary Fluid Mechanics focuses on the near-boundary region and its significance. It delves into topics like boundary shear stress, drag reduction using polymer additives, turbulence sources, secondary currents, log-law validity, sediment transport, and more. Unlike similar books, it emphasizes the importance of the near-boundary region. This book is organized into chapters covering internal flows, external flows, loose boundary flows, and density currents. It extends Prandtl's fundamental concept to internal flows, showing how potential flow theory can describe flow without a solid boundary.In addition, the book provides a theoretical analysis of boundary shear stress in three-dimensional flows and explores the turbulent structures in drag-reduction flows. A key feature is clarifying the role of wall-normal velocity in mass, moment, and energy transfer. Additionally, Archimedes' principle is covered to explain pressure drag and establishes a relationship between wake volume and hydrodynamic force.
Presolar Grains in Extra-Terrestrial Materials: Probing Stars with Stardust presents the latest research on presolar grains and their stellar sources in a cohesive resource for bringing researchers in cosmochemistry, astrophysics, and astronomy up to speed on the state-of-the-art developments, analysis, and future implications. Beginning with a historical perspective on the study of presolar grains, the book then reviews the properties and features of a variety of presolar grains, including sililcon carbide, graphite, diamonds, oxides, and silicates. It also includes techniques for analyzing presolar grains in the lab, and covers the stars that are considered sources of presolar grains, such as asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, supernovae, novae, and born-again AGB stars. Condensation calculations in various types of stars and minerals observed and/or expected in the stellar atmospheres and presolar grains are also presented.By providing the latest state in the study of of presolar grains and relevant fields of astronomy and astrophysics, Presolar Grains in Extra-Terrestrial Materials serves as an up-to-date summary of data, analysis, and implications of the study of presolar grains and their stellar sources.