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Elsevier

Books in Physics

Physics titles offer comprehensive research and advancements across the fundamental and applied areas of physical science. From quantum mechanics and particle physics to astrophysics and materials science, these titles drive innovation and deepen understanding of the principles governing the universe. Essential for researchers, educators, and students, this collection supports scientific progress and practical applications across a diverse range of physics disciplines.

  • Tribology of Miniature Systems

    • 1st Edition
    • Z. Rymuza
    • English
    The tribology of miniature systems is quite different from the tribology of large machinery. This is the first publication to cover on an academic level both the basic concepts of the tribology of miniature systems and some areas of its practical application. A comprehensive survey is given on the specific problems encountered in this field, providing a volume that will be useful in solving professional engineering problems in the fast growing field of precision engineering and microtechnology.The suitability of various materials and lubricants for the tribological systems in miniature mechanisms is discussed. The tribological properties and the friction and wear properties which occur in such systems are analysed. Specific lubrication problems are examined in detail; in particular, the use of special tribological coatings to solve many difficult lubrication problems and to obtain high wear resistance of the rubbing elements is considered. The special investigation techniques used to characterize miniature tribological systems and their elements (e.g. lubricants) are reviewed. The tribological aspects of many of the most common assemblies found in miniature mechanism and electromechanism design are analysed and some practical suggestions are put forward for the rational design of such systems. Also special tribological problems such as those met in computer technology, bioengineering, etc. are presented. The book is intended for tribologists (both seasoned researchers and newcomers) studying the problems of this specific branch of tribology and also for practising engineers active in the design, manufacture and exploitation of various miniature systems.

  • Electronic Structure of Clusters

    Modern Trends in Atomic Physics
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 30
    • Per-Olov Lowdin
    • English
    This volume is based on a symposium in honor of Professor Ingvar Lindgren. It includes a contribution by Dr. William D. Phillips, who was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize in the field of physics for work on the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light. Advances in Quantum Chemistry publishes surveys of current developments in the rapidly developing field of quantum chemistry--a field that falls between the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. With invited reviews written by leading international researchers, each presenting new results, this quality serial provides a single vehicle for following progress in this interdisciplinary area.

  • Proteins at Liquid Interfaces

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • D. Möbius + 1 more
    • English
    The interfacial behaviour of surfactants and proteins, and their mixtures, is of importance in a wide range of areas such as food technology, detergency, cosmetics, coating processes, biomedicine, pharmacy and biotechnology. Methods such as surface and interfacial tension measurements and interfacial dilation and shear rheology characterise the relationships between these interfacial properties and the complex behaviour of foams and emulsions is established. Recently-developed experimental techniques, such as FRAP which enable the measurement of molecular mobility in adsorption layers, are covered in this volume. The development of theories to describe the thermodynamic surface state or the exchange of matter for proteins and protein/surfactant mixtures is also described.Features of this book:• Reflects the state-of-the-art research and application of protein interfacial layers rather than a snapshot of only some recent developments.• Emphasis is placed on experimental details as well as recent theoretical developments.• New experimental techniques applied to protein interfacial layers are described, such as FRAP or ADSA, or rheological methods to determine the mechanical behaviour of protein-modified interfaces.• A large number of practical applications, ranging from emulsions relevant in food technology for medical problems such as lung surfactants, to the characterisation of foams intrinsic to beer and champagne production.The book will be of interest to research and university institutes dedicated to interfacial studies in chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine and food engineering. Industrial departments for research and technology in food industry, pharmacy, medicine and brewery research will also find this volume of value.

  • Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 25
    • English
    Twenty years on and 164 reviews later since the appearance of volume 1 of this prestigious series, the rare earths continue to perplex, if not mystify us. There is no doubt that in the next breakthrough to a higher level of human understanding of nature, the rare earth elements and their compounds will play an important part in its elaboration. The reviews contained in this 25th volume continue this quest.The first chapter reveals the effects of the addition of the rare earths on steel. These elements were introduced to the steel-making industry in the 1920's to affect deoxidization and desulfurization. Today it is possible to extend their usefulness to provide steels with desired characteristics. The description of why and how additions of the rare earths affect micro- and nano-structures in steels which provide these beneficial modifications is explored.Chapter two reviews ternary and higher-order nitride materials. The synthesis of ternary compounds is examined and the products are categorized by their composition and the nature of the chemical bonding they exhibit. The structures of the compounds are discussed where possible.The spectral intensities of f-f transitions in lanthanide compounds are discussed at length in the following chapter. The authors present an exhaustive consideration of the unique appearance of intraconfigurational electronic transitions in f-type materials, particularly the lanthanides.The final chapter reviews the prodigious literature on the organometallic &pgr; complexes of the f-elements. The authors consider the main classes of complexes of both the lanthanide and actinide organometallics, and synthesis and structure are dealt with in particular.

  • High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 48
    • English
    Volume 48in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series discusses the physics and chemistry of electronic materials, a subject of growing practical importance in the semiconductor devices industry. The contributors discuss the current state of knowledge and provide insight into future developments of this important field.

  • Electronic Structure of Clusters

    Direct Variational X-I Method
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 29
    • Per-Olov Lowdin
    • English
    Advances in Quantum Chemistry publishes surveys of current developments in the rapidly developing field of quantum chemistry--a field that falls between the historically established areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. With invited reviews written by leading international researchers, each presenting new results, this quality serial provides a single vehicle for following progress in this interdisciplinary area.

  • Gallium Nitride (GaN) I

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 50
    • English
    Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors.The"Wil... and Beer"Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices,Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise indeed that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded.Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.

  • Pneumatic Handbook

    • 8th Edition
    • A. Barber
    • English
    Accepted as the standard reference work on modern pneumatic and compressed air engineering, the new edition of this handbook has been completely revised, extended and updated to provide essential up-to-date reference material for engineers, designers, consultants and users of fluid systems.

  • Foam and Foam Films

    Theory, Experiment, Application
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • D. Exerowa + 1 more
    • English
    The main physicochemical aspects of foam and foam films such as preparation, structure, properties, are considered, giving a special emphasis on foam stability. It is shown that the foam and foam films are an efficient object in the study of various surface phenomena and in establishing regularities common for different interfaces, in particular, water/oil interface. The techniques and results on foam films have an independent meaning and involve the latest achievement in this field, with a focus on authors' results.The book has an expressed monographic character. It reveals joint ideas, i.e. the quantitative approach in treating foams is based on foam film behaviour and the techniques for controlling the foam liquid content, developed by the authors. A major contribution represents the independent consideration of formation and stability of foam films in theoretical and experimental aspects. No monograph published so far reveals these topics in the mentioned manner. Data and information about foams, physicochemical characterization of surfactants, phospholipids and polymers can also be found. Furthermore, the book provides information about: techniques involved in the study of foam films and foam structure and properties; foam drainage; processes of destruction in gravitational and centrifugal fields; reasons for stability of films and their role in the processes running in the foam; mechanical, rheological, optical, thermophysical, electrical properties; foam destruction upon addition of antifoams (mechanism of destruction, techniques, application); scientific principles of controlling foam properties and their application in foam separation and concentration; enhanced oil recovery; thermodynamic and non-equilibrium properties of foam films, stabilized by surfactants, phospholipids and polymers; techniques for the study of surface forces; formation and stability of foam films; black films, including bilayers; new theories of stability of amphiphile bilayer; experiments involved in this stability; application in biology and medicine.

  • Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Five-Volume Set

    Handbook of Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Optical Materials with Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Edward D. Palik
    • English
    This set of five volumes, four volumes edited by Edward D. Palik and a volume by Gorachand Ghosh, is a unique resource for any science and technology library. It provides materials researchers and optical device designers with reference facts in a context not available anywhere else. The singular functionality of the set derives from the unique format for the three core volumes that comprise the Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. The Handbook satisfies several essential needs: first, it affords the most comprehensive database of the refractive index and extinction (or loss) coefficient of technically important and scientifically interesting dielectrics. This data has been critically selected and evaluated by authorities on each material. Second, the dielectric constant database is supplemented by tutorial chapters covering the basics of dielectric theory and reviews of experimental techniques for each wavelength region and material characteristic. As an additional resource, two of the tutorial chapters summarize the relevant characteristics of each of the materials in the database.The data in the core volumes have been collected and analyzed over a period of twelve years, with the most recent completed in 1997. The volumes systematically define the dielectric properties of 143 of the most engaging materials, including metals, semiconductors, and insulators. Together, the three Palik books contain nearly 3,000 pages, with about 2/3 devoted to the dielectric constant data. The tutorial chapters in the remaining 1/3 of the pages contain a wealth of information, including some dielectric data. Hence, the separate volume, Index to Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, which is included as part of the set, substantially enhances the utility of the Handbook and in essence, joins all the Palik volumes into one unit. It isthen of great importance to users of the set. A final volume rounds out the set. The Handbook of Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Optical Materials with Applications collects refractive index measurements and their temperature dependence for a large number of crystals and glasses. Mathematical models represent these data, and in turn are used in the design of nonlinear optical devices.

  • Laser Ablation and Desorption

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 30
    • Thomas Lucatorto + 1 more
    • English
    This volume introduces the subject of laser ablation and desorption to scientists and engineers. It covers fundamental experimental and theoretical tools, models, and techniques, and introduces the most important applications. Clearly written and organized in a straightforward manner, Laser Ablation and Desorption lead the reader straight through the fundamentals of laser-surface interactions. Each chapter is self-contained and includes references to other chapters as necessary, so that readers may begin with the topic of greatest interest and follow the references to other aspects of the subject contained within the book.

  • Drops and Bubbles in Interfacial Research

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 6
    • D. Mobius + 1 more
    • English
    The shape of drops and bubbles is the centre of interest for many interfacial scientists. This book describes the most recent accomplishments to make use of drops and bubbles in fundamental research and application.After a general introduction into the mechanics of liquid menisci, chapters are dedicated to methods based on drops or bubbles. The chapters about the three main drop experiments provide the theoretical basis, a description of experimental set-ups, specific advantages and disadvantages, correction and calibration problems, experimental examples and their interpretation: pendent and sessile drop, drop volume, and spinning drop technique. The chapter about capillary pressure methods summarises different techniques and gives examples of applications, for instance measurements under microgravity.The maximum bubble pressure technique as a particular capillary pressure method is described, with emphasis on the most recent developments which made this technique applicable to extremely short adsorption times, down to the range of milliseconds and less. Problems connected with aerodynamics and hydrodynamics are discussed and used to show the limits of this widely used standard method.The oscillating bubble technique provides information not available by other techniques, for example about the dilational rheology of adsorption layers and relaxation processes at the interface. The description of rising bubbles in surfactant solutions will contain the hydrodynamic basis as well as the theoretical description of the effect of interfacial layers on the movement of bubbles. Besides the theoretical basis experimental data, such as water purification, flotation processes etc. and the relevance for practical applications will be presented. The chapter about lung alveols demonstrates how important bubbles built by biological membranes are in everyday life. The relevance for medicine and biology as well as model studies is discussed.An important example for the application of drops is metallurgy, where the surface tension of metals and alloys is an important parameter for many applications. The chapters on drop shape analysis by using fibre technique and on force measurements between emulsion droplets are of much practical relevance.Lists of references and symbols are given separately at the end of each chapter while a common subject index is given at the end of the book.

  • Progress in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 37
    • English
    This volume presents six articles describing theoretical and experimental research of interest in optics. The articles review applications of the Wigner distribution function in optics and optoelectronics, examine the mathematical foundations and the applicability of Kramers-Kronig relations to data inversion in linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy and explore concentration and anisotropy fluctuations. Chapter four reviews the field of fibre-optical soliton communication systems, and includes discussion of periodic amplification, timing jitter and its control and time-division multiplexing. Chapter five focuses on theoretical aspects of the local field electrodynamics in mesoscopic media. The final chapter reviews experiments and theories concerning the time it takes for a photon or an electromagnetic wave packet to tunnel across a barrier.

  • Advances in Applied Mechanics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 34
    • English
    This highly acclaimed series provides survey articles on the present state and future direction of research in important branches of applied mechanics

  • Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography

    • 1st Edition
    • Herman Medwin + 1 more
    • English
    The developments in the field of ocean acoustics over recent years make this book an important reference for specialists in acoustics, oceanography, marine biology, and related fields. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography also encourages a new generation of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to apply the modern methods of acoustical physics to probe the unknown sea. The book is an authoritative, modern text with examples and exercises. It contains techniques to solve the direct problems, solutions of inverse problems, and an extensive bibliography from the earliest use of sound in the sea to present references.Written by internationally recognized scientists, the book provides background to measure ocean parameters and processes, find life and objects in the sea, communicate underwater, and survey the boundaries of the sea. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography explains principles of underwater sound propagation, and describes how both actively probing sonars and passively listening hydrophones can reveal what the eye cannot see over vast ranges of the turbid ocean. This book demonstrates how to use acoustical remote sensing, variations in sound transmission, in situ acoustical measurements, and computer and laboratory models to identify the physical and biological parameters and processes in the sea.

  • Lie Algebras, Part 2

    Finite and Infinite Dimensional Lie Algebras and Applications in Physics
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 7
    • E.A. de Kerf + 2 more
    • English
    This is the long awaited follow-up to Lie Algebras, Part I which covered a major part of the theory of Kac-Moody algebras, stressing primarily their mathematical structure. Part II deals mainly with the representations and applications of Lie Algebras and contains many cross references to Part I.The theoretical part largely deals with the representation theory of Lie algebras with a triangular decomposition, of which Kac-Moody algebras and the Virasoro algebra are prime examples. After setting up the general framework of highest weight representations, the book continues to treat topics as the Casimir operator and the Weyl-Kac character formula, which are specific for Kac-Moody algebras.The applications have a wide range. First, the book contains an exposition on the role of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras and their representations in the standard and grand unified models of elementary particle physics. A second application is in the realm of soliton equations and their infinite-dimensional symmetry groups and algebras. The book concludes with a chapter on conformal field theory and the importance of the Virasoro and Kac-Moody algebras therein.

  • Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids

    • 1st Edition
    • Edward D. Palik
    • Edward D. Palik
    • English
    This is the third volume of the very successful set. This updated volume will contain non-linear properties of some of the most useful materials as well as chapters on optical measurement techniques.

  • Handbook of Vacuum Science and Technology

    • 1st Edition
    • Dorothy Hoffman + 2 more
    • English
    The Handbook of Vacuum Technology consists of the latest innovations in vacuum science and technology with a strong orientation towards the vacuum practitioner. It covers many of the new vacuum pumps, materials, equipment, and applications. It also details the design and maintenance of modern vacuum systems. The authors are well known experts in their individual fields with the emphasis on performance, limitations, and applications rather than theory. There aremany useful tables, charts, and figures that will be of use to the practitioner.

  • Lipid Polymorphism and Membrane Properties

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 44
    • English
    The major lipid components of biological membranes can undergo many diverse and fascinating morphological rearrangements. Studies of these diverse phases and the manner in which they are formed tends to alter the properties of ordinary bilayer membranes. This book examines the structural and biological roles of lipids forming non-lamellar structures.

  • Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 38
    • English
    Praise for the Series"This volume maintains the authoritative standards of the series...The editors and publishers are to be congratulated."--M.S... Child in Physics Bulletin"Maintains the high standards of earlier volumes in the series...All the articles are written by experts in the field, and their summaries are most timely...Strongly recommended."--G. Herzberg in American Scientist

  • Solid State Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 51
    • English
    Solid State Physics, Volume 51 continues the serial's tradition of excellence by focusing on the optical and electronic properties and applications of semiconductors. All of the topics in this volume are at the cutting-edge of research in the semiconductor field and will be of great interest to the scientific community.

  • Mathematics for Dynamic Modeling

    • 2nd Edition
    • Edward Beltrami
    • English
    This new edition of Mathematics for Dynamic Modeling updates a widely used and highly-respected textbook. The text is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate level courses in modeling, dynamical systems, differential equations, and linear multivariable systems offered in a variety of departments including mathematics, engineering, computer science, and economics. The text features many different realistic applications from a wide variety of disciplines. The book covers important tools such as linearization, feedback concepts, the use of Liapunov functions, and optimal control. This new edition is a valuable tool for understanding and teaching a rapidly growing field. Practitioners and researchers may also find this book of interest.

  • Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization

    • 1st Edition
    • Malcolm J.W. Povey
    • English
    This book is a comprehensive and practical guide to the use of ultrasonic techniques for the characterization of fluids. Focusing on ultrasonic velocimetry, the author covers the basic topics and techniques necessaryfor successful ultrasound measurements on emulsions, dispersions, multiphase media, and viscoelastic/viscopl... materials. Advanced techniques such as scattering, particle sizing, and automation are also presented. As a handbook for industrial and scientific use, Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization is an indispensable guide to chemists and chemical engineers using ultrasound for research or process monitoring in the chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology,and fuels industries.

  • Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 24
    • English
    This volume contains a collection of articles dealing with the physics and materials science of mostly metallic rare earth materials. Chapters deal with the formation of amorphous, microcrystalline and quasicrystalline phases by mechanical alloying, rapid solidification and even normal casting operations. As is often the case with these 4f elements, magnetism is a dominant topic and this is reflected in the chapters covering surface magnetism, electron-spin resonance, exchange coupling in lanthanide-transitio... metal phases and the magnetic behavior of ternary rare-earth stannides, including their crystal structures.

  • Group Theory in Physics

    An Introduction
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • John F. Cornwell
    • English
    This book, an abridgment of Volumes I and II of the highly respected Group Theory in Physics, presents a carefully constructed introduction to group theory and its applications in physics. The book provides anintroduction to and description of the most important basic ideas and the role that they play in physical problems. The clearly written text contains many pertinent examples that illustrate the topics, even for those with no background in group theory.This work presents important mathematical developments to theoretical physicists in a form that is easy to comprehend and appreciate. Finite groups, Lie groups, Lie algebras, semi-simple Lie algebras, crystallographic point groups and crystallographic space groups, electronic energy bands in solids, atomic physics, symmetry schemes for fundamental particles, and quantum mechanics are all covered in this compact new edition.

  • Working With Proteins, Six-Volume Set

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1-6
    • Lee A. Fuiman + 5 more
    • English

  • Optical, Electric and Magnetic Properties of Molecules

    A Review of the Work of A.D. Buckingham
    • 1st Edition
    • D.C. Clary + 1 more
    • English
    This book celebrates the career and scientific accomplishments of Professor David Buckingham, who is due to retire from his Chair at Cambridge University in 1997. The adopted format comprises reprints of a number of David Buckingham's key scientific papers, each one or two of these preceded by a review of the corresponding area of David's wide-ranging research interest. Each reviewer is recognised as an expert in that field of interest and has some close association with David Buckingham, as a scientific colleague and/or a former research student. The book should serve as a distinctive reference source, both retrospective and prospective, for the field of chemical physics with which the name A.D. Buckingham is associated.The editors opted to reprint a majority of early classic Buckingham papers, balanced by some of David Buckingham's more recent publications. Reprinted papers have been placed into a general scientific context that covers prior influences on, and later impacts by, the work nominated for review.

  • Mercury Cadmium Telluride Imagers

    A Patent-oriented Survey
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 5
    • A.C. Onshage
    • English
    In two parts, this book describes the evolution of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) imager structures based upon published patents and patent applications. The first part covers monolithic arrays, and the second part describes hybrid arrays. Each part has 5 chapters, with each document placed in chronological order, with the documents with the earliest priority placed first. Focus has been directed at the steps of manufacturing and structures of imagers.There is an index at the end of the book containing the patent number, the name of the applicant and the date of publication of each cited document.This monograph will serve as a useful summary of the patents and patent applications in the field of mercury cadmium telluride imagers.

  • Composite Sheet Forming

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 11
    • D. Bhattacharyya
    • English
    Sheet forming is the most common process used in metal forming and is therefore constantly being adapted or modified to suit the needs of forming composite sheets. Due to the increasing availability of various types of fibre reinforced polymeric sheets, especially with thermoplastic matrices, the scope of use of such materials is rapidly expanding in the automobile, building, sports and other manufacturing industries beyond the traditional areas of aerospace and aircraft applications. This book contains twelve chapters and attempts to cover different aspects of sheet forming including both thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. In view of the expanded role of fibre reinforced composite sheets in the industry, the book also describes some non-traditional applications, processes and analytical techniques involving such materials.The first chapter is a brief introduction to the principles of sheet metal forming. The next two chapters introduce the various forms of materials, manufacturing techniques and the fundamentals of computer simulation. Chapter 4 describes the different aspects of thermoforming of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics and the following chapter studies the shear and frictional behaviour of composite sheets during forming. Chapter 6 explores the possibility of applying the grid strain analysis method in continuous fibre reinforced polymeric sheets. The next two chapters address fundamental concepts and recent developments in finite element modelling and rheology. Chapter 9 introduces the theory of bending of thermoplastic composite sheets and shows a novel way of determining both longitudinal and transverse viscosities through vee-bend tests. A significant expansion in the usage of composite materials is taking place in biomedical areas. Chapter 10 discusses the thermoforming of knitted fabric reinforced thermoplastics for load bearing and anisotropic bio-implants. The final chapter introduces roll forming, a commonly used rapid manufacturing process for sheet metals, and discusses the possibility of applying it economically for continuous reinforced thermoplastic sheets.

  • Electromagnetic Radiation: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

    Atomic, Molecular, And Optical Physics: Electromagnetic Radiation
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 29C
    • Thomas Lucatorto + 1 more
    • English
    Combined with Volumes 29A and 29B, this volume is a comprehensive treatment of the key experimental methods of atomic, molecular, and optical physics, as well as an excellent experimental handbook for the field. Thewide availability of tunable lasers in the past several years has revolutionized the field and lead to the introduction of many new experimental methods that are covered in these volumes. Traditional methods are also included to ensure that the volumes will be a complete reference source for the field.

  • Elementary Differential Geometry

    • 2nd Edition
    • Barrett O'Neill
    • English
    Written primarily for readers who have completed the standard first courses in calculus and linear algebra, Elementary Differential Geometry, Second Edition provides an introduction to the geometry of curves and surfaces. Although the popular First Edition has been extensively modified, this Second Edition maintains the elementary character of that volume, while providing an introduction to the use of computers and expanding discussion on certain topics. Further emphasis has been placed on topological properties, properties of geodesics, singularities of vector fields, and the theorems of Bonnet and Hadamard. For readers with access to the symbolic computation programs, Mathematica or Maple, the book includes approximately 30 optional computer exercises. These are not intended as an essential part of the book, but rather an extension. No computer skill is necessary to take full advantage of this comprehensive text.

  • The Acoustic Bubble

    • 1st Edition
    • T. G. Leighton
    • English
    "This volume deals with the interaction of acoustic fields with bubbles in liquids, with emphasis on the principles of cavitation--the generation of bubbles in liquids by rapid changes, such as those introduced by ultrasound. When cavity bubbles implode they produce shock waves in the liquid. If cavitation is induced by turbulent flow, components can be damaged. These phenomena have important implications, particularly in underwater acoustics, one of the fastest growing fields in acoustics research. The Acoustic Bubble skillfully explains the physical processes involved in cavitation both by analogy and formulation, making the concepts accessible to those with a minimal background in mathematics. This book willbe of great interest to those engaged in research in a wide range of areas, from sonochemistry to the sensitization of explosives.

  • A Physicist's Guide to Mathematica

    • 1st Edition
    • Patrick T. Tam
    • English
    A Physicists Guide to Mathematica(r) teaches students and professional physicists how to master Mathematica using examples and approaches that will appeal to them. The book illustrates the usefulness of Mathematica in learning, teaching, and carrying out research in physics. Part One gives a practical, physics-oriented, and self-contained introduction to the program. Part Two covers the application of Mathematica to mechanics, electricityand magnetism, and quantum physics.Mathematica enables the user to solve a wide range of physics problems, from the most important to those that are just for fun, and provides an environment that allows the user to develop a greater intuitive understanding of physics. This book aids the reader in using Mathematica for numerical, symbolic, and graphical calculations, and also demonstrates the programs capability to animate two- and three-dimensional graphics. Tams treatment of the subject is greatly detailed, and makes this book an essential reference for anyone needing an introduction to Mathematicas application to physics.This book teaches upper-division and graduate physics students as well as professional physicists how to master Mathematic(r), using examples and approaches that are motivating to them. It also shows that this computer algebra system can be a powerful and wonderful tool for learning, teaching, and doing physics. Part I gives a practical, physics-oriented, and self-contained introduction to Mathematica. Part II considers the application of Mathematica to mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and quantum physics.

  • Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 20
    • Warren S. Warren
    • English
    Since 1965, Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance has provided researchers with timely expositions of fundamental new developments in the theory of, experimentation with, and application of magnetic and optical resonance.

  • Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases

    • 1st Edition
    • Bo K. Siesjo + 4 more
    • English
    Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases is a handy reference source for scientists, students, and physicians needing reliable, up-to-date information on basic mechanisms, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical issues related to brain vasculature. The book consists of short, specific chapters written by international experts on cerebral vasculature, and presents the information in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book also contains valuable information on practical applications of basic research.

  • Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference

    Part 1
    • 1st Edition
    • T. Haruyama + 2 more
    • English
    This book contains the proceedings of the 16th ICEC/ICMC Conference, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, on 20th-24th May 1996. The Proceedings are presented in three volumes containing a total of 476 papers from 1484 authors. The proceedings covers the main areas of: Large Scale Refrigeration. Cryocoolers. Cryogenic Engineering. Space Cryogenics. Application of Superconductivity. Oxide Superconductors. Metallic Superconductors. Metallic Materials. Non Metallic Materials.In addition there are seven Plenary Lectures covering such diverse topics as commercialization of high-Tc superconductors, the continuing development of the Maglev system in Japan, and the Large Hadron Collider project. The Proceedings comprise an excellent and up-to-date summary of research and development in the fields of Cryogenics and Superconductivity.

  • Ii-Vi Semiconductor Blue/Green Light Emitters

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 44
    • English
    This volume provides one of the first comprehensive reviews combining recent breakthroughs in blue/green semiconductor lasers based on II-VI materials and fundamentally important issues about the development and extension of these lasers to commercial applications. These lasers are on the cutting-edge of technology and could revolutionize areas such as optical information storage and color displays in the next few years.An important focus of this book is on the recent laboratory development of an entirely new class of diode lasers, based on a different family of semiconductor materials, which emit at much shorter wavelengths in the green and blue portion of the spectrum.These new and exciting developments in optoelectronics, which are still undergoing laboratory testing, have the potential of providing a major increase in storage capacity over current CD technology.Besides applications in high-density digital optical storage, other possible aplications for the compact blue-green lasers will be in areas ranging from flat panel displays to multicolor printing to medical diagnostics.

  • Computer Modeling in Inorganic Crystallography

    • 1st Edition
    • Richard Catlow
    • English
    Computer simulation techniques are now having a major impact on almost all areas of the physical and biological sciences. This book concentrates on the application of these methods to inorganic materials, including topical and industrially relevant systems including zeolites and high Tc superconductors. The central theme of the book is the use of modern simulation techniques as a structural tool in solid state science. Computer Modelling in Inorganic Crystallography describes the current range of techniques used in modeling crystal structures, and strong emphasis is given to the use of modeling in predicting new crystal structures and refining partially known structures. It also reviews new opportunities being opened up by electronic structure calculation and explains the ways in which these techniques are illuminating our knowledge of bonding in solids.

  • Advances in Research and Development

    Modeling of Film Deposition for Microelectronic Applications
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 22
    • English
    Physics of Thin Films is one of the longest running continuing series in thin film science, consisting of 22 volumes since 1963. The series contains quality studies of the properties of various thin filmsmaterials and systems.In order to be able to reflect the development of today's science and to cover all modern aspects of thin films, the series, starting with Volume 20, has moved beyond the basic physics of thin films. It now addresses the most important aspects of both inorganic and organic thin films, in both their theoretical as well as technological aspects. Therefore, in order to reflect the modern technology-oriented problems, the title has been slightly modified from Physics of Thin Films to Thin Films.

  • Handbook of Compound Semiconductors

    Growth, Processing, Characterization, and Devices
    • 1st Edition
    • Paul H. Holloway + 1 more
    • English
    This book reviews the recent advances and current technologies used to produce microelectronic and optoelectronic devices from compound semiconductors. It provides a complete overview of the technologies necessary to grow bulk single-crystal substrates, grow hetero-or homoepitaxial films, and process advanced devices such as HBT's, QW diode lasers, etc.

  • High Density Plasma Sources

    Design, Physics and Performance
    • 1st Edition
    • Oleg A. Popov
    • Oleg A. Popov
    • English
    This book describes the design, physics, and performance of high density plasma sources which have been extensively explored in low pressure plasma processing, such as plasma etching and planarization, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of thin films, sputtered deposition of metals and dielectrics, epitaxial growth of silicon and GaAs, and many other applications. This is a comprehensive survey and a detailed description of most advanced high density plasma sources used in plasma processing. The book is a balanced presentation in that it gives both a theoretical treatment and practical applications. It should be of considerable interest to scientists and engineers working on plasma source design, and process development.

  • History of CERN, III

    • 1st Edition
    • J. Krige
    • English
    The present volume covers the story of the history of CERN from the mid 1960s to the late 1970s. The book is organized in three main parts. The first, containing contributions by historians of science, perceives the laboratory as being at the node of a complex of interconnected relationships between scientists and science managers on the staff, the users in the member states, and the governments which were called upon to finance the organization. Parts II and III include chapters by practising scientists. The former surveys the theoretical and experimental physics results obtained at CERN in this period, while the latter describes the development of the laboratory's accelerator complex and Charpak detection techniques.

  • Atom Interferometry

    • 1st Edition
    • Paul R. Berman
    • English
    The field of atom interferometry has expanded rapidly in recent years, and todays research laboratories are using atom interferometers both as inertial sensors and for precision measurements. Many researchers also use atom interferometry as a means of researching fundamental questions in quantum mechanics. Atom Interferometry contains contributions from theoretical and experimental physicists at the forefront of this rapidly developing field. Editor Paul R. Berman includes an excellent balance of background material and recent experimental results,providing a general overview of atom interferometry and demonstrating the promise that it holds for the future.

  • Progress in Optics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • English
    This volume presents five review articles covering a broad range of topics which will be of interest to many scientists concerned with optics and related subjects.The first article deals with nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses. These materials have many interesting structural properties, some of which are useful for applications to integrated active optical devices. This article presents a review of experimental measurements of nonlinear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refractive indices of such materials. A review of various models formulated to explain their properties is also included.The next article reviews the research on super-resolution, i.e. the possibility of overcoming the classical diffraction limit of about half a wavelength. The problem is shown to be essentially equivalent to extrapolating the spatial frequency spectrum of the object beyond the spectral band of the optical system.

  • Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 36
    • English

  • Physical Structure

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 1
    • English
    The primary goal of this book is to summarize the current level of accumulated knowledge about the physical structure of solid surfaces with emphasis on well-defined surfaces at the gas-solid and vacuum-solid interfaces. The intention is not only to provide a standard reference for practitioners, but also to provide a good starting point for scientists who are just entering the field. The presentation in most of the chapters therefore assumes that the typical reader will have a good undergraduate background in chemistry, physics, or materials science. At the same time, coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level with emphasis on fundamental physical principles. This first volume in a new series is appropriately devoted to the physical structure of surfaces, knowledge of which will be essential for a complete understanding of electronic properties and dynamical processes, the topics of the next two volumes in the series.The volume is divided into four parts. Part I describes the equilibrium properties of surfaces with emphasis on clean surfaces of bulk materials. Part II provides an introduction to some of the primary experimental methods that are used to determine surface crystal structures. Part III gives an overview of the vast topic of the structure of adsorbed layers. The concluding Part IV deals with the topics of defects in surface structures and phase transitions.

  • L12 Ordered Alloys

    • 1st Edition
    • Frank R.N. Nabarro + 1 more
    • English
    Dislocations are lines of irregularity in the structure of a solid analogous to the bumps in a badly laid carpet. Like these bumps, they can be easily moved, and they provide the most important mechanism by which the solid can be deformed. They also have a strong influence on crystal growth and on the electronic properties of semiconductors.

  • Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 23
    • English
    This volume of the Handbook examines the widely varying range of rare-earth-element involvement on this planet.Chapter one is a summary of recent developments in the use of chemical shifts included in reagents of paramagnetic lanthanide complexes. One of the more important developments that has evolved from the research in this area is the use of lanthanide complexes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the medical field.The following chapter discusses the theory and application of the consequences of antenna-to-ion energy transfer and its relationship to supramolecular chemistry. Applications of these complexes in fluorimmunoassays and DNA hybridization assays are also discussed.The rationalization of crystal field parametrization is considered in a pedagogical context in the next chapter, thus continuing an ongoing treatment of the spectroscopic properties of the rare-earth elements in the Handbook. The authors emphasize the symmetry aspects of the crystal field and the parametrization of the energy level scheme.In the next chapter the authors present a systematic and encyclopedic discussion on the phosphides of the binary, ternary and quaternary rare earths. Their coverage includes preparation, phase diagrams, structure, as well as chemical and physical properties. The crystallochemical regularities, the nature of the interaction between components in ternary systems, and structural relationships also constitute important aspects of this review.Metal-contain... vapor species such as the simple rare-earth halide vapors and vapor complexes MX-RX3 and MX2-RX3 are finding increasing use in halogen lamps and energy storage media for high-power laser systems and for development of recycling/separation processes. This process is considered in the next chapter, in which particular attention is paid to thermodynamic and structural trends, and to characteristic experimental techniques such as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.The final chapter is a review of the lanthanide composition of the oceans and the processes that control the lanthanide distribution. Particular attention is given to research on the lanthanide geochemistry of marine hydrothermal vent systems.

  • Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers

    • 1st Edition
    • D. Winterbone + 1 more
    • English
    Although the basic theories of thermodynamics are adequately covered by a number of existing texts, there is little literature that addresses more advanced topics. In this comprehensive work the author redresses this balance, drawing on his twenty-five years of experience of teaching thermodynamics at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to produce a definitive text to cover thoroughly, advanced syllabuses.The book introduces the basic concepts which apply over the whole range of new technologies, considering: a new approach to cycles, enabling their irreversibility to be taken into account; a detailed study of combustion to show how the chemical energy in a fuel is converted into thermal energy and emissions; an analysis of fuel cells to give an understanding of the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical power; a detailed study of property relationships to enable more sophisticated analyses to be made of both high and low temperature plant and irreversible thermodynamics, whose principles might hold a key to new ways of efficiently covering energy to power (e.g. solar energy, fuel cells). Worked examples are included in most of the chapters, followed by exercises with solutions. By developing thermodynamics from an explicitly equilibrium perspective, showing how all systems attempt to reach a state of equilibrium, and the effects of these systems when they cannot, the result is an unparalleled insight into the more advanced considerations when converting any form of energy into power, that will prove invaluable to students and professional engineers of all disciplines.

  • Modern Aspects of Diffusion-Controlled Reactions

    Cooperative Phenomena in Bimolecular Processes
    • 1st Edition
    • Volume 34
    • E. Kotomin + 1 more
    • English
    This monograph deals with the effects of reactant spatial correlations arising in the course of basic bimolecular reactions describing defect recombination, energy transfer and exciton annihilation in condensed matter. These effects lead to the kinetics considered abnormal from the standard chemical kinetics point of view. Numerous bimolecular reaction regimes and conditions are analysed in detail. Special attention is paid to the development and numerous applications of a novel, many-point density (MPD) formalism, which is based on Kirkwood's superposition approximation used for decoupling three-particle correlation functions.The book demonstrates that incorporation of the reaction-induced spatial correlations of similar reactants (e.g., vacancy-vacancy) leads to the development of an essentially non-Poisson spectrum of reactant density fluctuations. This can completely change the kinetics at longer times since it no longer obeys the law of mass action. The language of the correlation lengths and critical exponents similar to physics of critical phenomena is used instead. A relation between MPD theory and synergistics is discussed. The validity of the theorem giving a critical complexity for the two-step reactions exhibiting self-organization phenomena is questioned. Theoretical results are illustrated by numerous experimental data.

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