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21-30 of 1158 results in All results

Gases and Vacua

  • 1st Edition
  • September 9, 2017
  • A. H. Beck
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 8 0 8 5 - 4
Handbook of Vacuum Physics, Volume 1: Gases and Vacua presents three major topics, which are the fourth to sixth parts of this volume. These topics are the remarks on units of physical quantities; kinetic theory of gases and gaseous flow; and theory of vacuum diffusion pumps. The first topic aims to present concisely the significance of units of physical quantities, catering the need and interest of those who take measurements and make calculations in different fields of vacuum sciences. The technique and applications of this particular topic are also provided. The second main topic focuses specifically on ideal gas equations, the mean free path, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, and other mathematical equations relevant in the study of kinetic theory of gases and gaseous flow. The last major topic in this text examines the production of vapor, gas dynamics, and high- and fine-vacuum diffusion pumps. This part also provides symbols usually used in vacuum physics. This book will be beneficial to physicists and students of physics interested in the study of vacuum.

Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids

  • 1st Edition
  • August 31, 2017
  • C. C. Smith
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 4 8 5 9 - 5
Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids contains the proceedings of the Third European Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids, held at the University of Manchester in England on July 18-20, 1980. The papers explore the principles of internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids such as pure metals and their alloys, ceramics, glasses, and polymers. Structural features such as point defects, dislocations, interfaces, and second phases in solids are discussed, together with the processes by which these features contribute to energy dissipation. Topics covered range from point defect interactions to the establishment of high damping capacity materials for absorption of noise and vibration. This book is comprised of 65 chapters and begins with a brief review of the internal friction peaks observed in face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal metals due to dislocation relaxation processes. Subsequent chapters focus on the internal friction of cold-worked single crystals of high-purity copper; evidence of Peierls Nabarro stress from microdeformation and attenuation experiments; effects of cyclic deformation and irradiation at low temperature on the internal friction of pure aluminum; and internal friction of high-purity magnesium after plastic deformation. The peaking effect in copper and silver is also analyzed, along with Zener relaxation and dislocation damping. The final chapter is devoted to anelastic behavior of ice at low temperature due to quenched point defects. This monograph will be a valuable resource for metallurgists, physicists, and mechanical engineers.

Nonlocal Astrophysics

  • 1st Edition
  • July 17, 2017
  • Boris V. Alexeev
  • English
  • Paperback
    9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 4 0 1 9 - 2
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 4 0 2 0 - 8
Non-Local Astrophysics: Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Physical Vacuum highlights the most significant features of non-local theory, a highly effective tool for solving many physical problems in areas where classical local theory runs into difficulties. The book provides the fundamental science behind new non-local astrophysics, discussing non-local kinetic and generalized hydrodynamic equations, non-local parameters in several physical systems, dark matter, dark energy, black holes and gravitational waves.

Application of New Cybernetics in Physics

  • 1st Edition
  • June 28, 2017
  • Oleg Kupervasser
  • English
  • Paperback
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 2 8 0 1 - 5
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 3 3 1 8 - 7
Application of New Cybernetics in Physics describes the application of new cybernetics to physical problems and the resolution of basic physical paradoxes by considering external observer influence. This aids the reader in solving problems that were solved incorrectly or have not been solved. Three groups of problems of the new cybernetics are considered in the book: (a) Systems that can be calculated based on known physics of subsystems. This includes the external observer influence calculated from basic physical laws (ideal dynamics) and dynamics of a physical system influenced even by low noise (observable dynamics). (b) Emergent systems. This includes external noise from the observer by using the black box model (complex dynamics), external noise from the observer by using the observer’s intuition (unpredictable dynamics), defining boundaries of application of scientific methods for system behavior prediction, and the role of the observer’s intuition for unpredictable systems. (c) Methods for solution of basic physical paradoxes by using methods of the new cybernetics: the entropy increase paradox, Schrödinger’s cat paradox (wave package reduction in quantum mechanics), the black holes information paradox, and the time wormholes grandfather paradox. All of the above paradoxes have the same resolution based on the principles of new cybernetics. Indeed, even a small interaction of an observer with an observed system results in their time arrows’ alignment (synchronization) and results in the paradox resolution and appearance of the universal time arrow.

Neutron Scattering – Applications in Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science

  • 1st Edition
  • Volume 49
  • June 14, 2017
  • Felix Fernandez-Alonso + 1 more
  • English
  • Hardback
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 5 3 2 4 - 9
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 2 3 0 - 9
Neutron Scattering: Applications in Chemistry, Materials Science and Biology, Volume 49, provides an in-depth overview of the applications of neutron scattering in the fields of physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, the earth sciences, and engineering. The book describes the tremendous advances in instrumental, experimental, and computational techniques over the past quarter-century. Examples include the coming-of-age of neutron reflectivity and spin-echo spectroscopy, the advent of brighter accelerator-based neutron facilities and associated techniques in the United States and Japan over the past decade, and current efforts in Europe to develop long-pulse, ultra-intense spallation neutron sources. It acts as a complement to two earlier volumes in the Experimental Methods in the Physical Science series, Neutron Scattering: Fundamentals(Elsevier 2013) and Neutron Scattering: Magnetic and Quantum Phenomena (Elsevier 2015). As a whole, the set enables researchers to identify aspects of their work where neutron scattering techniques might contribute, conceive the important experiments to be done, assess what is required, write a successful proposal for one of the major facilities around the globe, and perform the experiments under the guidance of the appropriate instrument scientist.

Special Relativity

  • 1st Edition
  • May 5, 2017
  • Sadri Hassani
  • English
  • Paperback
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 0 4 1 1 - 8
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 0 4 2 4 - 8
Special Relativity: A Heuristic Approach provides a qualitative exposition of relativity theory on the basis of the constancy of the speed of light. Using Einstein's signal velocity as the defining idea for the notion of simultaneity and the fact that the speed of light is independent of the motion of its source, chapters delve into a qualitative exposition of the relativity of time and length, discuss the time dilation formula using the standard light clock, explore the Minkowski four-dimensional space-time distance based on how the time dilation formula is derived, and define the components of the two-dimensional space-time velocity, amongst other topics.

Tropospheric Radiowave Propagation Beyond the Horizon

  • 1st Edition
  • April 27, 2017
  • François Du Castel
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 6 4 8 4 - 7
Tropospheric Radiowave Propagation Beyond the Horizon deals with developments concerning the tropospheric propagation of ultra-short radio waves beyond the horizon, with emphasis on the relationship between the theoretical and the experimental. Topics covered include the general conditions of propagation in the troposphere; general characteristics of propagation beyond the horizon; and attenuation in propagation. This volume is comprised of six chapters and begins with a brief historical look at the various stages that have brought the technique of transhorizon links to its state of development. The discussion then turns to the physical properties of the troposphere and the phenomenon of tropospheric propagation; influence of the troposphere and the Earth on transhorizon propagation; and theoretical and experimental determination of attenuation in propagation. Experimental data relating to transhorizon propagation are presented. Theories of diffraction and turbulent scattering are described. This book will be helpful to physicists and physics students as well as those who are engaged in the problem of long-range telecommunication and in the interdependence of theory and experience.

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth

  • 1st Edition
  • April 25, 2017
  • L. H. Ahrens + 2 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 8 7 3 3 - 4
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth investigates the physics and chemistry of the earth, with emphasis on kimberlite and xenolith geology. Topics covered range from field geology to mineralogy and geochemistry, diamond inclusions, and experimental and theoretical petrology. Diatreme emplacement by fluidization is also discussed, along with the chemistry and genesis of opaque minerals in kimberlites; light element metasomatism of the continental mantle; and primary and secondary phlogopites and clinopyroxenes in garnet lherzolite xenoliths. Comprised of 59 chapters, this volume begins with a description of a model of a kimberlite pipe that depicts a hypothetical pipe having a diameter of 300 m at a level equivalent to the post-erosional surface of the major pipes in the Kimberley area, South Africa. Subsequent chapters explore the formation of phreatomagmatic maar-diatreme volcanoes and its relevance to kimberlite diatremes; emplacement of some diatreme-facies kimberlites; irregular patterns of magmatism in southwestern United States; and the chemistry of titanium-poor spinels, ilmenites, and rutiles from peridotite and eclogite xenoliths. Chromite-silicate intergrowths in upper mantle peridotites are also analyzed. The final chapter is devoted to theoretical aspects of gaseous and isotopic equilibria in the system C-H-O-S, with application to kimberlite. This book will be of interest to physicists and geophysicists, chemists and geochemists, geologists, and earth scientists.

The Quintessence of Irving Langmuir

  • 1st Edition
  • March 20, 2017
  • Albert Rosenfeld
  • D. ter Haar
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 8 5 4 8 - 4
The Quintessence of Irving Langmuir is a biography on the life of Irving Langmuir. The book was created to complement the volume entitled “The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir”. This selection was created to introduce the person and his works. Special attention has been given to Langmuir’s early life and family background. The text begins with an account of the person’s child seen from the mother’s perspective. Such an account was taken from the family’s documents. These documents are in the form of letters, diaries, photograph albums, newspaper clippings, and genealogical studies. A brief history about the formation of General Electric Company is also covered. A great part of the book relates the life of Langmuir as a father and as a scientist. Among his inventions is using dry ice for cloud seeding. One of his greatest achievements is receiving a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The book is directed to the general public.

Applied Underwater Acoustics

  • 1st Edition
  • January 19, 2017
  • Thomas Neighbors + 1 more
  • English
  • Paperback
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 2 4 0 - 3
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 1 2 4 7 - 2
Applied Underwater Acoustics meets the needs of scientists and engineers working in underwater acoustics and graduate students solving problems in, and preparing theses on, topics in underwater acoustics. The book is structured to provide the basis for rapidly assimilating the essential underwater acoustic knowledge base for practical application to daily research and analysis. Each chapter of the book is self-supporting and focuses on a single topic and its relation to underwater acoustics. The chapters start with a brief description of the topic’s physical background, necessary definitions, and a short description of the applications, along with a roadmap to the chapter. The subtopics covered within individual subchapters include most frequently used equations that describe the topic. Equations are not derived, rather, assumptions behind equations and limitations on the applications of each equation are emphasized. Figures, tables, and illustrations related to the sub-topic are presented in an easy-to-use manner, and examples on the use of the equations, including appropriate figures and tables are also included.

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