Microbial Forensics
- 1st Edition - May 16, 2005
- Editors: Bruce Budowle, Steven E. Schutzer, Roger G. Breeze
- Language: English
Microbial Forensics describes the new and growing field of Microbial Forensics- the science that will help bring to justice criminals and terrorists who use biological materi… Read more
Microbial Forensics describes the new and growing field of Microbial Forensics- the science that will help bring to justice criminals and terrorists who use biological material to cause harm. This book describes the foundation of the field of microbial forensics and will serve as a basic primer to initiate those scientists and officials that have an interest in the topic. It covers a variety of areas from forensic science, to microbiology, to epidemiology, to bioinformatics, and to legal issues.
* Provides the real science beyond that displayed on TV and in the movies
* Covers not only microbes but also the biology, chemistry, physics & computer science that is used for identification.
* Of relevance Internationally to military, intelligence, law enforcement, agricultural, legal and environmental fields
* Covers not only microbes but also the biology, chemistry, physics & computer science that is used for identification.
* Of relevance Internationally to military, intelligence, law enforcement, agricultural, legal and environmental fields
Microbiologists, forensic scientists, virologists, government laboratories,pharmaceutical companies and public health specialists
- CONTRIBUTORS
- FOREWORD
- PREFACE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Chapter 1: Microbial Forensics
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- THE THREAT
- HISTORY
- FORENSIC SCIENCE
- DEFINING THE MICROBIAL FORENSICS PROGRAM
- CARRYING OUT A SUCCESSFUL MICROBIAL FORENSICS PROGRAM
- SWGMGF
- EPIDEMIOLOGY (A FIRST STEP IN A MICROBIAL FORENSIC ANALYSIS)
- MICROBIAL FORENSIC TOOLS
- BIOINFORMATICS AND GENETICS
- FORENSIC CASE EXAMPLES
- EDUCATION
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- Chapter 2: Infectious Diseases: Not Just a Health Matter Anymore
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE: THE CLASSIC HEALTH VIEWPOINT
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE: THE OFFENSIVE BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS VIEWPOINT
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE: NEW PLAYERS AND NEW THREATS
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE: WHAT ARE THE THREATS?
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE: BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY
- Chapter 3: The Fundamentals of Human Virology
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE DNA VIRUSES
- AN OVERVIEW OF THE RNA VIRUSES
- POSITIVE-SENSE RNA VIRUSES
- NEGATIVE-SENSE SINGLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES
- SEGMENTED RNA VIRUSES AND THE RETROVIRIDAE
- THE APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR FORENSICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY TO VIRAL INFECTIONS
- Chapter 4: Keeping Track of Viruses
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS A VIRUS? BASIC VIROLOGY
- VIRUS LIFECYCLE
- VIRUS CLASSIFICATION
- GENERATION OF VIRAL DIVERSITY
- INTRODUCTION TO VIRAL KINETICS AND OUTCOME
- HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY A VIRUS?
- EXAMPLES OF NATURALLY EMERGING VIRUSES
- SARS
- VIRAL FORENSICS
- ENGINEERING NOVEL VIRUSES
- DETERMINING THE SOURCE OF AN ENGINEERED VIRUS
- CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Chapter 5: Bacterial Pathogens
- Publisher Summary
- DNA REGIONS OF VALUE FOR FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
- BACTERIAL PATHOGENS OF CONCERN
- Chapter 6: Biology and Detection of Fungal Pathogens of Humans and Plants
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE, AND TAXONOMY OF FUNGI
- GROWTH HABIT AND REPRODUCTION
- PATHOGENICITY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION
- Chapter 7: Forensic Aspects of Biologic Toxins
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN AND BOTULISM
- RICIN
- STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B
- CLOSTRIDIA PERFRINGENS EPSILON TOXIN
- SUMMARY
- Chapter 8: Epidemiologic Investigation for Public Health, Biodefense, and Forensic Microbiology
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION
- OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION
- DELIBERATE INTRODUCTION OF A BIOLOGICAL AGENT
- MOLECULAR STRAIN TYPING
- SUMMARY
- Chapter 9: Molecular Epidemiology and Forensics of RNA Viruses
- Publisher Summary
- CHALLENGES POSED BY RNA VIRUSES
- A CASE STUDY: FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 2001
- WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?
- Chapter 10: Investigation of Suspicious Disease Outbreaks
- Publisher Summary
- NATURAL AND DELIBERATE DISEASE
- IMPORTANCE OF DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
- GLOBAL DISEASE REPORTING SYSTEMS
- U.S. DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND REPORTING SYSTEMS
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION
- COMPOSITION OF AN OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION TEAM
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS
- EVALUATION OF CLINICAL FINDINGS
- INVESTIGATION OF ANIMAL DISEASE OUTBREAKS
- INVESTIGATION OF CROP DISEASE OUTBREAKS
- SPECIMEN COLLECTION
- ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING
- SAMPLE HANDLING
- SPECIMEN STORAGE
- LABORATORY ANALYSIS
- SEROLOGY
- EVALUATION OF THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
- MEDIA REPORTS
- AVAILABLE DOCUMENTS
- EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
- TRAINING OR WORK EXPERIENCE
- EQUIPMENT OR POTENTIAL MEANS OF DELIVERY
- SUMMARY
- Chapter 11: Forensic Handling of Biological Threat Samples in the Lab
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- USE OF TEST PLANS TO IMPLEMENT OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES
- BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL INTEGRITY OF A SAMPLE
- LEGAL CONCERNS FOR SAMPLE HANDLING AND DATA RECORDS
- SAFETY ISSUES
- SAMPLE SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- CDC/NIH REGULATIONS
- TRANSFER
- Chapter 12: Forensic Genetic Analysis of Microorganisms: Overview of Some Important Technical Concepts and Selected Genetic Typing Methods
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- USEFUL DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
- TAXONOMY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
- GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS
- RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
- OF DENDROGRAMS AND PHYLOGENETIC TREES
- MOLECULAR GENETIC TECHNIQUES FOR STRAIN TYPING
- MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING
- RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM TYPING
- PCR-BASED GENETIC TYPING
- VIRUSES AND FUNGI
- CONCLUSIONS
- Chapter 13: Non-DNA Methods for Biological Signatures
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRINSIC MOLECULAR PROPERTIES: FINGERPRINTS
- A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BIOLOGICAL SIGNATURES
- OVERVIEW OF CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
- INDIVIDUAL METHODS IN DETAIL
- RESULTS: ANALYSIS OF BACILLUS GLOBIGII SPORE SAMPLES
- DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- Chapter 14: Microbial Forensics Host Factors
- Publisher Summary
- GENERAL CONCEPTS
- UTILITY OF SEROLOGIC ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE EXPOSED TO ANTHRAX: STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
- CONSIDERATIONS AND CONCERNS RAISED BY ANALYSIS OF OTHER INFECTIONS
- POSSIBLE SCENARIOS OF BIOTERRORISM ATTACKS: DISTINGUISHING VICTIMS FROM PERPETRATORS
- Chapter 15: Bioinformatics Methods for Microbial Detection and Forensic Diagnostic Design
- Publisher Summary
- A WORKING DEFINITION OF BIOINFORMATICS
- AN OVERVIEW OF MICROBIAL DIAGNOSTICS
- DETECTION DIAGNOSTICS
- NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION DIAGNOSTICS
- CHEMISTRIES FOR NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION
- PROTEIN DETECTION DIAGNOSTICS
- MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
- HIGH-AFFINITY LIGANDS
- FORENSIC DIAGNOSTICS
- LARGE-SCALE, CHIP-BASED TECHNIQUES
- PROTEIN FORENSIC DIAGNOSTICS
- GENOME SEQUENCING AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
- BASECALLING AND ACCURACY
- DRAFT VERSUS FINISHED
- STRATEGIES FOR BACTERIAL AND VIRAL SEQUENCING
- ASSEMBLY
- ANNOTATION
- TOOLS FOR ANNOTATION
- ANNOTATION FOR DIAGNOSTICS VERSUS TRADITIONAL GENOMIC ANNOTATION
- COMPARATIVE GENOMICS
- PAIRWISE COMPARISON AND ALIGNMENT
- MULTISEQUENCE AND MULTIGENOME ALIGNMENT
- COMMON SUBSTRING COMPARISON
- COMPARATIVE GENOMIC TOOLS
- PROTEIN STRUCTURE
- TOOLS FOR PROTEIN STRUCTURE MODELING
- TOOLS FOR PROTEIN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
- VISUALIZATION
- OTHER FORENSIC TECHNIQUES
- PROTEIN MASS SPECTROMETER ANALYSIS
- IMAGE ANALYSIS
- EXAMPLES
- ANTHRACIS ANALYSIS
- NUCLEIC ACID SIGNATURE PIPELINE
- DETERMINATION OF TARGET PATHOGEN CONSENSUS SEQUENCE
- FAST, SCALABLE SEQUENCE COMPARISON PROGRAMS TO LOCATE UNIQUE SEQUENCE
- PRIMER AND PROBE SELECTION AND ACCEPTANCE
- PROTEIN SIGNATURE PIPELINE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Chapter 16: Population Genetics of Bacteria in a Forensic Context
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- DNA FORENSICS OF HUMANS AND BACTERIA
- CASE STUDY OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
- FIRST SCENARIO
- SECOND SCENARIO
- SOME ISSUES NEEDING FURTHER ATTENTION
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Chapter 17: Quality Management in Microbial Forensics Laboratories
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- LABORATORY QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- A FEW DEFINITIONS ARE IN ORDER AT THIS POINT
- LABORATORY ACCREDITATION
- VALIDATION OF LABORATORY TESTS
- PROFICIENCY TESTING
- QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
- QUALITY ASSURANCE MONITORING
- COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT OF LABORATORY EMPLOYEES
- PROCEDURE MANUALS
- LABORATORY REPORTS
- LABORATORY RECORDS
- LABORATORY SECURITY
- CONCLUSIONS
- Chapter 18: Admissibility Standards for Scientific Evidence
- Publisher Summary
- LEGAL ADMISSIBILITY
- BACKGROUND TO THE DAUBERT DECISION
- ANALYSIS OF THE DAUBERT DECISION
- TESTABILITY
- PEER REVIEW
- ERROR RATE/STANDARDS
- GENERAL ACCEPTANCE
- THE DNA ADMISSIBILITY LITIGATION
- THE PALO VERDE TREE PODS
- THE FLORIDA DENTIST CONTROVERSY
- HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
- FINGERPRINT ADMISSIBILITY LITIGATION UNDER DAUBERT
- OBSERVATIONS
- Appendix
- Quality Assurance Guidelines for Laboratories Performing Microbial Forensic Work
- SUBJECT INDEX
- Edition: 1
- Published: May 16, 2005
- Language: English
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Bruce Budowle
Dr. Budowle has a lengthy CV and career. Some of his efforts over the last 15 years also are in counter terrorism, including identification of victims from mass disasters and in efforts involving microbial forensics and bioterrorism. Dr. Budowle was an advisor to New York State in the effort to identify the victims from the WTC attack. In the area of microbial forensics, Dr. Budowle has been the chair of the Scientific Working Group on Microbial Genetics and Forensics, whose mission was to set QA guidelines, develop criteria for biologic and user databases, set criteria for a National Repository, and develop forensic genomic applications. He also has served on the Steering Committee for the Colloquium on Microbial Forensics sponsored by American Society of Microbiology, an organizer of four Microbial Forensics Meetings held at The Banbury Center in the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and on steering committees for NAS sponsored meetings. Dr. Budowle has published approximately 600 articles, made more than 720 presentations (many of which were as an invited speaker at national and international meetings), and testified in well over 250 criminal cases in the areas of molecular biology, population genetics, statistics, quality assurance, and forensic biology. In addition, he has authored or co-authored books on molecular biology techniques, electrophoresis, protein detection, and microbial forensics.
Affiliations and expertise
Center for Human Identification, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft Worth, TX, USASS
Steven E. Schutzer
Steven Schutzer, MD is a physician-scientist who trained and was on the faculty at Cornell University Medical College, New York Hospital, and Rockefeller University, before joining New Jersey Medical School. His research has focused on the interface of the immune system and microbes. Particular areas of research interest are Lyme and Tick diseases, neuroimmunology, and immunology. Dr. Schutzer is board certified in Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Clinical Laboratory Immunology. Dr. Schutzer’s research is funded by the National Institutes of Health and other organizations.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USARB
Roger G. Breeze
Affiliations and expertise
Centaur Science Group, Washington, DCRead Microbial Forensics on ScienceDirect