Laboratory Animal Medicine

3rd Edition - September 11, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: James G. Fox, Lynn C. Anderson, Glen Otto, Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning, Mark T. Whary
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 9 5 2 7 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 6 6 1 3 - 4

Laboratory Animal Medicine, Third Edition, is a fully revised publication from the American College of Laboratory Medicine’s acclaimed blue book series. It presents an up-to-dat… Read more

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Laboratory Animal Medicine, Third Edition,
is a fully revised publication from the American College of Laboratory Medicine’s acclaimed blue book series. It presents an up-to-date volume that offers the most thorough coverage of the biology, health, and care of laboratory animals.

The book is organized by species, with new inclusions of chinchillas, birds, and program and employee management, and is written and edited by known experts in the fields.

Users will find gold-standard guidance on the study of laboratory animal science, as well as valuable information that applies across all of the biological and biomedical sciences that work with animals.

List of Reviewers
List of Contributors
Preface to the Third Edition
Chapter 1. Laboratory Animal Medicine: Historical Perspectives

I Introduction
II Origins of Animal Experimentation
III Early Veterinarians in Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine
IV The Organizations of Laboratory Animal science
V Education and Training in Laboratory Animal Medicine
VI ACLAM-Sponsored Texts
VII Impact of Laws, Regulations, and Guidelines on Laboratory Animal Medicine
VIII Regulation of Animal Research in the United Kingdom and Canada
IX Commercial and Academic Breeding of Rodents
X Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 2. Laws, Regulations, and Policies Affecting the Use of Laboratory Animals

I Introduction
II Animal Welfare
III Importation and Exportation of Animals and Animal Products
IV Hazardous Substances
V Nucleic Acid and Nanomaterial Research Guidelines
References

Chapter 3. Biology and Diseases of Mice

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 4. Biology and Diseases of Rats

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 5. Biology and Diseases of Hamsters

I Introduction
II Syrian Hamster
III Chinese Hamster
IV Armenian Hamster
V European Hamster
VI Djungarian Hamster
References

Chapter 6. Biology and Diseases of Guinea Pigs

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 7. Biology and Diseases of Other Rodents

I Introduction
II Ground Squirrels: Urocitellus, Ictodomys, and Spermophilus
III Prairie Dogs: Cynomys
IV Pocket Gophers: Geomyidae
V Kangaroo Rats: Dipodomys
VI Pack Rats: Neotoma
VII Grasshopper Mice: Onychomys
VIII Deer Mice: Peromyscus
IX Rice Rats: Oryzomys
X Cane Mice: Zygodontomys
XI Cotton Rats: Sigmodon
XII White-Tailed Rats: Mystromys
XIII Gerbils and Jirds: Meriones
XIV Voles: Microtus
XV Multimammate Rats/Mice: Mastomys
XVI Degus: Octodon
XVII Naked Mole Rats: Heterocephalus Glaber
References

Chapter 8. The Laboratory Woodchuck (Marmota monax)

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
IV The Woodchuck as an Experimental Animal Model for HBV Research
References

Chapter 9. Biology and Diseases of Chinchillas

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 10. Biology and Diseases of Rabbits

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 11. Microbiological Quality Control for Laboratory Rodents and Lagomorphs

I Introduction
II Microbiological Quality Specifications
III Biosecurity
IV Health Monitoring
V Outbreak Management and Investigation
References

Chapter 12. Biology and Diseases of Dogs

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 13. Biology and Diseases of Cats

I Introduction
II Sources of Cats
III Housing
IV Breeding Colony Management
V Nutrition and Feeding
VI Infectious Disease Exclusion and Control
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 14. Biology and Diseases of Ferrets

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 15. Biology and Diseases of Ruminants (Sheep, Goats, and Cattle)

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 16. Biology and Diseases of Swine

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
Acronyms Used in Chapter
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 17. Nonhuman Primates

I Introduction
II Taxonomy
III Biology
IV Principles of Colony Management
V Medical Management
VI Diseases
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 18. Biology and Diseases of Amphibians

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 19. Biology and Diseases of Reptiles

I Introduction
II Biology
III Diseases
References

Chapter 20. The Biology and Management of the Zebrafish

I Introduction
II Zebrafish: The Experimental Model in Biomedical Research
III Significances of Healthy Management in the Aquatic Animal Facility
IV Environmental Factors Important to Zebrafish Health
V General Features of Laboratory Zebrafish Facilities
VI Nutrition and Feeding of Zebrafish
VII Pathogen Control Program
VIII Techniques and Anesthesia
IX Significant Diseases of Laboratory Zebrafish
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 21. Biology and Management of Laboratory Fishes

I Introduction
II Facility Design
III Management and Husbandry
IV Medical Protocols
V Zoonotic Considerations
VI Diseases
References

Chapter 22. Japanese Quail as a Laboratory Animal Model

I Introduction
II Biology
III Laboratory Management and Husbandry
IV Breeding and Rearing Quail
V Diseases/Welfare Concerns
References

Chapter 23. Zebra Finches in Biomedical Research

I Introduction
II History and Taxonomy
III Research Uses
IV Biology
V Laboratory Management and Husbandry
VI Diseases/Welfare Concerns
References

Chapter 24. Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia

I Introduction
II Rodents
III Rabbits
IV Ferrets
V Swine
VI Small Ruminants
VII Nonhuman Primates
References

Chapter 25. Techniques of Experimentation

I Introduction
II Identification Methods
III Blood Collection and Intravenous Injection
IV Vascular Cannulation
V Intraperitoneal Injection
VI Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, and Intraosseous Injection
VII Digestive System
VIII Urinary System Techniques
IX Respiratory System Techniques
X Reproductive System
XI Cardiovascular Techniques
XII Endocrine System Techniques
XIII Orthopedic Procedures for Laboratory Animals
XIV Neurosurgical Techniques
XV Tumor Transplantation
XVI Imaging Techniques
XVII Radiotelemetry
XVIII Thymectomy
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 26. Gnotobiotics

I Introduction
II Terminology
III History
IV Characteristics of Gnotobiotes
V Establishing a Gnotobiotic Facility
VI Operation
VII Derivation of Germfree Mice
VIII. Resources
References

Chapter 27. Working Safely with Experimental Animals Exposed to Biohazards

I Introduction
II Risk Assessment
III Managing an Animal Biocontainment Program
IV Standard Practices
V Veterinary Care
VI Other Considerations
VII Summary
References

Chapter 28. Selected Zoonoses

I Introduction
II Viral Diseases
III Rickettsial Diseases
IV Chlamydial Infections
V Bacterial Diseases
VI Fungal Diseases
VII Protozoal Diseases
VIII Helminth Infections
IX Arthropod Infestations
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 29. Xenozoonoses: The Risk of Infection after Xenotransplantation

I Introduction
II Lessons from Allotransplantation/Historical Perspective
III Potential Mechanisms for Cross-Species Infections
IV NonViral Agents
V Development of SPF Herds
VI Potential Benefits of Xenotransplantation and Other Infectious Disease Issues
VII Issues after Xenotransplantation
References

Chapter 30. Occupational Health of Laboratory Animal Workers

I Introduction
II Occupational Illness and Injury in Laboratory Animal Workers
III Occupational Health Approach
IV Hazard Identification
V Hazard Controls
VI Occupational Medicine Services
Appendix 30.1
Appendix 30.2
References

Chapter 31. Genetic Monitoring of Laboratory Mice and Rats

I Introduction
II History of Genetic Monitoring
III Rodent Strains: Genetic Homogeneity or Genetic Diversity
IV SNP Analysis: Testing Strain Background
V Allele-Specific Genotyping: Testing Mutant Strains
VI Maintaining Strains
VII Phenotype Quality Control
VIII The Future of GQC
IX GQC: Practical Aspects
X Conclusions
References

Chapter 32. Genetically Modified Animals

I Introduction
II Manipulating Animals for Genetic Modification
III Genetic Modification and Technologies
IV Colony Management for GM Mice and Rats
V Finding Mouse and Rat Resources
References

Chapter 33. Factors That Can Influence Animal Research

I Introduction
II Intrinsic Considerations
III Extrinsic Considerations
References

Chapter 34. Animal Models in Biomedical Research

I Introduction
II What is an Animal Model?
III Nature of Research
IV History of Animal Use in Biomedical Research
References

Chapter 35. Research in Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

I Introduction
II Principles of Experimentation
III Role of the Laboratory Animal Specialist in Research
IV Research Training
V Summary
Acknowledgment
References

Chapter 36. Design and Management of Research Facilities

I Introduction
II Facility Planning and Design
III Environmental Control and Monitoring
IV Housing and Equipment
V Materials
VI Operational Issues
VII Conclusions
References

Chapter 37. Program Management

I Introduction and Definitions
II Mission and Strategy: Where it All Starts
III Managing People
IV Managing Money
V Managing Operations
VI Concluding Remarks
Appendix 1 Executive Summary of the 14 Toyota Way Principles (Reprinted with Permission, McGraw-Hill Education Holdings, LLC, Philadelphia, PA)
References

Chapter 38. Laboratory Animal Behavior

I Introduction
II Rodents
III Rabbits
IV Laboratory Dogs and Cats
V Nonhuman Primates
VI Farm Animals
VII Conclusions
References

Chapter 39. Animal Welfare

I Introduction
II Animal Welfare as a Key Component in Research, Teaching, and Testing Using Animals
III Animal Welfare – A Historical and Philosophical Perspective
IV Guidelines and Principles
V Strategies to Optimize Animal Welfare
VI Examples of Challenging Research and Opportunities for Animal Welfare Optimization
VII Science of Animal Welfare
VIII Conclusion and Summary

References
Index

James G. Fox

Prof. James G. Fox obtained his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, and, as an NIH postdoctoral fellow, received a Master of Science in Medical Microbiology at Stanford University. Dr. Fox is an adjunct professor at Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine. He is a diplomate and a past president of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, as well as a past president of the Massachusetts Society for Medical Research and the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges. Additionally, he has served as past chairman of the AAALAC Council and the NCCR/NIH Comparative Medicine Study Section. He is also an elected fellow of the Infectious Disease Society of America and the American Gastroenterological Association. He was recruited to MIT and created the Division of Comparative Medicine, which he directed from 1974 until 2021. As a faculty member in the MIT Department of Biological Engineering, Professor Fox received numerous scientific awards and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2004. Dr. Fox has been the principal investigator of an NIH postdoctoral training grant for veterinarians for 30 years and has trained 90 veterinarians for careers in biomedical research. The NIH has continuously funded him to study infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, where he has studied the gastrointestinal microbiome and how it interfaces with and influences the host’s immune response to gastrointestinal pathogens, particularly oncogenic Helicobacter species. He has authored over 600 papers, 84 chapters, holds 4 patents and has authored or edited 18 comparative medicine texts.

Affiliations and expertise

Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

Glen Otto

Affiliations and expertise

Director, Animal Resource Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA

Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning

Dr. Pritchett-Corning is Attending Veterinarian and Director of the Office of Animal Resources at the Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences and an Affiliate Assistant Professor in the Department of Comparative Medicine at the University of Washington. She has more than 30 years of experience in laboratory animal science and medicine, with a focus on rodents and animal-based husbandry research. Dr. Pritchett-Corning received her BS and her DVM from Washington State University and completed her post-doctoral training in laboratory animal medicine at the University of Washington. She has authored more than 80 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters. She is the Chair of the Laboratory Animal Working Group of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia and the AVMA Panel on Depopulation, as well as a member of the FELASA Working Group on Health Monitoring, and the joint AALAS/FELASA Working Group on Health Monitoring of Rodents for Animal Transfer. Dr. Pritchett-Corning has held positions at the University of Washington, the Jackson Laboratory, and Charles River.

Affiliations and expertise

Director, Office of Animal Resources, Attending Veterinarian, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Mark T. Whary

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Director, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

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Laboratory Animal Medicine

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James G. Fox

Glen Otto

Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning

Mark T. Whary

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