Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes

Production, Biocatalysis and Industrial Applications

1st Edition - July 21, 2016
Editors: Goutam Brahmachari, Arnold L Demain, Jose L Adrio
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 7 2 5 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 7 4 6 - 1

Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes: Production, Biocatalysis and Industrial Applications provides a complete survey of the latest innovations on microbial enzymes, highlight… Read more

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Biotechnology of Microbial Enzymes: Production, Biocatalysis and Industrial Applications provides a complete survey of the latest innovations on microbial enzymes, highlighting biotechnological advances in their production and purification along with information on successful applications as biocatalysts in several chemical and industrial processes under mild and green conditions.

Applications of microbial enzymes in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries are given particular emphasis. The application of recombinant DNA technology within industrial fermentation and the production of enzymes over the last 20 years have produced a host of useful chemical and biochemical substances. The power of these technologies results in novel transformations, better enzymes, a wide variety of applications, and the unprecedented development of biocatalysts through the ongoing integration of molecular biology methodology, all of which is covered insightfully and in-depth within the book.

Dedication
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Useful Microbial Enzymes—An Introduction
- Abstract
- 1.1 The Enzymes: A Class of Useful Biochemicals
- 1.2 Microbial Enzymes for Industry
- 1.3 Improvement of Enzymes
- 1.4 Discovery of New Enzymes
- 1.5 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2. Production, Purification, and Application of Microbial Enzymes
- Abstract
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Production of Microbial Enzymes
- 2.3 Strain Improvements
- 2.4 Downstream Processing/Enzyme Purification
- 2.5 Product Formulations
- 2.6 Global Enzyme Market Scenarios
- 2.7 Industrial Applications of Enzymes
- 2.8 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 3. Solid State Fermentation for Production of Microbial Cellulases
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
- 3.3 Lignocellulosic Residues/Wastes as Solid Substrates in SSF
- 3.4 Pretreatment of Agricultural Residues
- 3.5 Environmental Factors Affecting Microbial Cellulase Production in SSF
- 3.6 Strategies to Improve Production of Microbial Cellulase
- 3.7 Fermenter (Bioreactor) Design for Cellulase Production in SSF
- 3.8 Biomass Conversion and Application of Microbial Cellulases
- 3.9 Concluding Remarks
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 4. Hyperthermophilic Subtilisin-Like Proteases From Thermococcus kodakarensis
- Abstract
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Two Subtilisin-Like Serine Proteases From Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1
- 4.3 Tk-Subtilisin
- 4.4 Tk-SP
- 4.5 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 5. Enzymes from Basidiomycetes—Peculiar and Efficient Tools for Biotechnology
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Brown and White Rot Fungi
- 5.3 Isolation and Laboratory Maintenance of Wood Rot Basidiomycetes
- 5.4 Basidiomycetes as Producers of Enzymes Involved in Degradation of Lignocellulose Biomass
- 5.5 Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by Basidiomycetes: Screening and Production in Laboratory Scale
- 5.6 General Characteristics of the Main Ligninolytic Enzymes with Potential Biotechnological Applications
- 5.7 Industrial and Biotechnological Applications of Ligninolytic Enzymes from Basidiomycetes
- 5.8 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 6. Microbial Production and Molecular Engineering of Industrial Enzymes: Challenges and Strategies
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Strategies for Achieving High-Level Expression of Industrial Enzymes in Microorganisms
- 6.3 Molecular Engineering Strategies
- 6.4 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 7. Metagenomics and the Search for Industrial Enzymes
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 The Dilemma Between Known, Engineered, or Novel Enzymes
- 7.3 Metagenomics and Its Application to Enzyme Research
- 7.4 Success Stories of Naïve and Direct Sequencing Screens for New Enzymes
- 7.5 Success Stories for Introducing Environmental Enzymes into the Market
- 7.6 Enzyme Search: Limitations of Metagenomics and Solutions
- 7.7 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 8. The Pocket Manual of Directed Evolution: Tips and Tricks
- Abstract
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Methods to Generate DNA Diversity
- 8.3 Computational Tools
- 8.4 Functional Expression Systems
- 8.5 Mutant Library Exploration
- 8.6 Forthcoming Trends in Directed Evolution
- 8.7 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 9. Insights into the Structure and Molecular Mechanisms of β-Lactam Synthesizing Enzymes in Fungi
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 ACV Synthetase
- 9.3 Isopenicillin N Synthase
- 9.4 Acyl-CoA Ligases: A Wealth of Acyl-CoA Ligases Activate Penicillin Side Chain Precursors
- 9.5 Isopenicillin N Acyltransferase
- 9.6 Concluding Remarks
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 10. The Cellulosome: A Supramolecular Assembly of Microbial Biomass-Degrading Enzymes
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Structure of the Clostridium thermocellum Cellulosome
- 10.3 Regulation of Cellulosomal Gene Expression
- 10.4 Molecular Assembly of the Cellulosome
- 10.5 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 11. Microbial Enzymes of Use in Industry
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Classification and Chemical Nature of Microbial Enzymes
- 11.3 Production of Microbial Enzymes
- 11.4 Applications of Microbial Enzymes
- 11.5 Future of Microbial Enzymes
- 11.6 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 12. Significance of Microbial Glucokinases
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Synthesis, Biochemical Properties, and Regulation
- 12.3 Structure
- 12.4 Catalytic Mechanism
- 12.5 Production
- 12.6 Potential Applications in Industrial Processes
- 12.7 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 13. Lipase-Catalyzed Organic Transformations: A Recent Update
- Abstract
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Chemoenzymatic Applications of Lipases in Organic Transformations: A Recent Update
- 13.3 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 14. Enzymatic Biocatalysis in Chemical Transformations: A Promising and Emerging Field in Green Chemistry Practice
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Bioprospection of Novel Microbial Biocatalysts
- 14.3 Industrial Biotechnological Processes and Their Green Chemistry Relevance
- 14.4 Green Chemistry and Recent New Reactions and Developments in Enzymatic Catalysis
- 14.5 Green Solvents for Biotransformation
- 14.6 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 15. Microbial Enzymes for Glycoside Synthesis: Development of Sucrose Phosphorylase as a Test Case
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 A Pipeline for Enzyme Development
- 15.3 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 16. Industrial Applications of Multistep Enzyme Reactions
- Abstract
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Multistep Reactions with a Small Number of Enzymes
- 16.3 Multistep Reactions with Larger Number of Enzymes
- 16.4 Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 17. Biocatalysis for Industrial Production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
- Abstract
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Source, Quality, and Specifications of Biocatalysts Employed for the Synthesis of APIS
- 17.3 Examples of Biocatalysts Applied to the Synthesis of APIS
- 17.4 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 18. Agro-Industrial Residues and Microbial Enzymes: An Overview on the Eco-Friendly Bioconversion into High Value-Added Products
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Agro-Industrial Residues and the Generation of High Value-Added Products
- 18.3 Energy from Agro-Industrial Residues
- 18.4 Biotechnological Processes Applied in the Use of Vegetable Biomass
- 18.5 Conversion of Biomass in Industrially Significant Products
- 18.6 Important Compounds Obtained Directly from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass
- 18.7 Lipase Applied in Biodiesel Generation
- 18.8 Proteases Applied in Protein Residues and By-Products
- 18.9 Genetic Engineering in Improving Enzyme Quality
- 18.10 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 19. Microbial Enzymes for the Food Industry
- Abstract
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry
- 19.3 Concluding Remarks
- References
Chapter 20. Productive Chain of Biofuels and Industrial Biocatalysis: Two Important Opportunities for Brazilian Sustainable Development
- Abstract
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Biocatalysis and Biomass Processing for Fuels and Chemicals Production
- 20.3 Technical and Economic Prospects of Using Lipases in Biodiesel Production
- 20.4 Biogas/Biomethane Production
- 20.5 Concluding Remarks
- References
Index

Goutam Brahmachari

Born on April 14, 1969 in Barala, a village in the district of Murshidabad (West Bengal, India), Goutam Brahmachari had his early education in his native place. He received his high school degree in scientific studies in 1986 at Barala R. D. Sen High School under the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE). Then, he moved to Visva-Bharati (a Central University founded by Rabindranath Tagore at Santiniketan, West Bengal, India) to study chemistry at the undergraduate level. After graduating from this university in 1990, he completed his master’s in 1992, specializing in organic chemistry. After receiving his Ph.D. 1997 in chemistry from the same university, he joined his alma mater the next year and has been a full professor of chemistry since 2011. The research interests of Prof. Brahmachari’s group include synthetic organic chemistry, green chemistry, natural products chemistry, and the medicinal chemistry of natural and natural product-inspired synthetic molecules. With more than 25 years of experience in teaching and research, he has produced over 260 scientific publications, including original research papers, review articles, books, and invited book chapters in the field of natural products and green chemistry. He has already authored/edited 27 books published by internationally reputed major publishing houses, namely, Elsevier Science (The Netherlands), Academic Press (Oxford), Wiley-VCH (Germany), Alpha Science International (Oxford), De Gruyter (Germany), World Scientific (Singapore), CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group, USA), Royal Society of Chemistry (Cambridge), etc. Prof. Brahmachari serves several scientific bodies in India and abroad, and also many international journals as an editorial member. He has also been serving as co-editor-in-chief for Current Green Chemistry. Prof. Brahmachari is the founder series editor of the Elsevier Book Series ‘Natural Product Drug Discovery’. Prof. Brahmachari is an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a recipient of the CRSI (Chemical Research Society of India) Bronze Medal-2021 (for his contribution to research in chemistry), Dr Basudev Banerjee Memorial Award-2021 (for his contribution to the field of chemical sciences) from the Indian Chemical Society, INSA (Indian National Science Academy) Teachers Award-2019, Dr Kalam Best Teaching Faculty Award-2017, and Academic Brilliance Award, 2015 (Excellence in Research). Prof. Brahmachari was featured in the World Ranking of the Top 2% Scientists (Organic Chemistry Category) in 2020-23, the AD Scientific World Ranking of Scientists in 2022-2024, and as the Scholar GPS Highly Ranked Scholar-2024 (Lifetime, securing a position in the top 0.05% of all scholars worldwide).

Affiliations and expertise

Goutam Brahmachari, PhDFull Professor, Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India

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