Wetlands for Water Pollution Control

3rd Edition - November 8, 2023
Imprint: Elsevier
Author: Miklas Scholz
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 8 3 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 7 2 - 7

Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Third Edition, formerly known as Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff, covers broad water and environmental engineering aspects relevant… Read more

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Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Third Edition, formerly known as Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff, covers broad water and environmental engineering aspects relevant for the drainage and treatment of stormwater and wastewater, providing a descriptive overview of complex ‘black box’ treatment systems and general design issues involved. Fundamental science and engineering principles are explained to address the student and professional market. Standard and novel design recommendations for predominantly constructed wetlands and related sustainable drainage systems are also provided to account for interests of professional engineers and environmental scientists.

Users will find the latest research in wastewater treatment and runoff control presented in a manner that is ideal for academics, senior consultants, final year and postgraduate students, and graduate engineers, respectively.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
About the author
Preface
Acknowledgments
Common acronyms and abbreviations
Section A: Water and wastewater treatment
Section A Introduction
Chapter 1 Water quality standards
Abstract
1.1 Introduction and historical aspects
1.2 Water quality standards and treatment objectives
1.3 Biochemical oxygen demand
1.4 Chemical oxygen demand
1.5 Other variables used for the characterization of wastewater
References
Chapter 2 Water treatment
Abstract
2.1 Sources of water
2.2 Standard water treatment
2.3 Basic water chemistry
Chapter 3 Sewage treatment
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Design flow rates
3.3 Treatment principles
3.4 Engineering classification of sewage treatment stages
Chapter 4 Stream pollution and effluent standards
Abstract
4.1 Organic stream pollution
4.2 Prediction of organic stream pollution
4.3 Effluent discharge standard principles
Chapter 5 Preliminary treatment
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design of screening units
5.3 Design details for screening units
5.4 Comminutors
5.5 Grit removal
Chapter 6 Primary treatment
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Loading rate methods
6.3 Tank design
6.4 Design parameters
6.5 Economics of construction
6.6 Design details
6.7 Hydraulic losses
6.8 General design details
6.9 Details of various types of sedimentation tanks
6.10 Sedimentation aids
Chapter 7 Coagulation and flocculation
Abstract
7.1 Theory of settling
7.2 Classification of settling behavior
7.3 Ideal settling
7.4 Introduction to coagulation and flocculation
7.5 Colloidal suspensions
7.6 Coagulation processes
7.7 Coagulation chemicals
7.8 Operation of the coagulation and flocculation process
7.9 Rapid mixing
7.10 Flocculation
Chapter 8 Sludge blanket clarifiers
Abstract
8.1 Introduction to sludge blanket clarification systems
8.2 Types of sludge blanket clarifier
8.3 Plate settling in sludge blanket clarifiers
Chapter 9 Flotation systems
Abstract
9.1 Flotation using blown air
9.2 Flotation using dissolved air
9.3 Flotation units
Chapter 10 Slow filtration
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Slow sand filtration
10.3 Algal actions
10.4 Advantages and disadvantages
References
Chapter 11 Rapid filtration
Abstract
11.1 Elements of a rapid sand filter
11.2 Sand bed
11.3 Underdrain system
11.4 Hydraulics of filtration
11.5 Comparison with slow sand filter
Chapter 12 Biological treatment
Abstract
12.1 Aerobic self-purification
12.2 Waste stabilization ponds
References
Chapter 13 Biological filtration
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Trickling filter
13.3 Basic ecology
13.4 Process variants
13.5 Design of biological filters
Chapter 14 Rotating biological contactors
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Principles of operation
14.3 Design and loading criteria
14.4 Principal elements
14.5 Operational problems
Chapter 15 Activated sludge processes
Abstract
15.1 Background
15.2 Activated sludge process
15.3 Comparison between the activated sludge process, percolating filtration, and wetland system
15.4 Activated sludge process types
15.5 Activated sludge process designs and kinetics
15.6 Summary of key process design criteria
Chapter 16 Iron and manganese removal
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Basic removal processes
16.3 Advanced removal processes
Chapter 17 Water softening
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Lime-soda softening
17.3 Lime softening
17.4 Excess lime softening
17.5 Lime recovery
Chapter 18 Water microbiology
Abstract
18.1 Statistics for applied microbiology
18.2 Protozoa
18.3 Biological effects of organic pollutants
18.4 Eutrophication and water treatment
18.5 Protozoology of treatment processes
18.6 Odor and toxins of natural origin
18.7 Public health aspects
References
Chapter 19 Disinfection
Abstract
19.1 Destroying pathogens and requirements of a disinfectant
19.2 Traditional methods of disinfection
19.3 Ozone
19.4 Chlorine dioxide and chlorine as disinfectants
19.5 Kinetics of chlorination
19.6 Applications of chlorine
19.7 Technology of chlorine addition
19.8 Advantages and disadvantages of chlorine
Chapter 20 Constructed wetlands
Abstract
20.1 Background
20.2 Definitions
20.3 Hydrology of wetlands
20.4 Wetland chemistry
20.5 Wetland ecosystem mass balance
20.6 Macrophytes in wetlands
20.7 Physical and biochemical parameters
20.8 Examples for natural and constructed wetlands
References
Chapter 21 Sludge treatment and disposal
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Tests for dewatering of sludge
21.3 Sludge treatment and disposal objectives and methods
21.4 Treatment processes
21.5 Thickening and dewatering of sludges
21.6 Partial disposal
21.7 Land dumping and passive treatment
Section B: Wetlands to control water pollution
Section B Introduction
Chapter 22 Wetlands treating contaminated stream water
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Materials and methods
22.3 Results and discussion
22.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23 Wetland systems to control roof runoff
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Methods
23.3 Results and discussion
23.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24 Wetlands treating road runoff
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Site, materials, and methodology
24.3 Experimental results and discussion
24.4 Conclusions and further work
References
Chapter 25 Combined wetland and below-ground detention systems
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Materials and methods
25.3 Results and discussion
25.4 Conclusions and further research
References
Chapter 26 Modeling of constructed wetland performance
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Methodology and software
26.3 Results and discussion
26.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 27 Infiltration wetland systems
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Methods
27.3 Results and discussion
27.4 Conclusions
References
Section C: Sustainable drainage systems
Section C Introduction
Chapter 28 Retrofitting of sustainable drainage systems in the presence of vegetation
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Methodology
28.3 Results and discussion
28.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 29 Tree species for use in urban areas supporting sustainable drainage
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Methodology
29.3 Results and discussion
29.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 30 Expert tool based on ecosystem service variables for retrofitting of wetland systems
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Methodology
30.3 Results and discussion
30.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 31 Sustainable drainage system model
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Sites, methodology, and modeling
31.3 Results and discussion
31.4 Conclusions
References
Section D: Natural and seminatural wetland systems and processes
Section D Introduction
Chapter 32 Natural wetlands treating diffuse pollution
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Materials and methods
32.3 Results
32.4 Discussion
32.5 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 33 Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Response of peatlands to climate change
33.3 Potential response of constructed wetlands to climate change
33.4 Wetland responses to the climate change drivers
33.5 Climate change drivers affecting wetland ecosystems
33.6 Methodological gaps and uncertainties
33.7 Framework for future studies of climate change on wetland mesocosms
33.8 Discussion, conclusions, and key recommendations
References
Chapter 34 Future climate scenario impacts on peatland and constructed wetland water quality under water level management
Abstract
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Materials and methodology
34.3 Results
34.4 Discussion
34.5 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 35 Integrated constructed wetlands for pollution control
Abstract
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Case study sites, materials, and methodologies
35.3 Results and discussion
35.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 36 Infiltration and contaminant migration beneath integrated constructed wetlands
Abstract
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Case study, materials, and methods
36.3 Results and discussion
36.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Section E: Specific industrial applications of treatment wetlands
Section E Introduction
Chapter 37 Seasonal assessment of vertical-flow wetlands treating domestic wastewater
Abstract
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Materials and methods
37.3 Results and discussion
37.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 38 Comparison of domestic wastewater treatment by mature vertical-flow constructed wetlands and ponds
Abstract
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Materials and methods
38.3 Results and discussion
38.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 39 Recycling of domestic wastewater treated by vertical-flow wetlands for irrigation
Abstract
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Methodology
39.3 Results and discussion
39.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 40 Microbial contamination of Capsicum annuum irrigated with recycled domestic wastewater treated by wetlands
Abstract
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Materials and methods
40.3 Results
40.4 Discussion
40.5 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 41 Contamination of soil and Capsicum annuum irrigated with recycled domestic wastewater
Abstract
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Methodology
41.3 Results and discussion
41.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 42 Modeling of vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands treating municipal wastewater in hot and dry climate
Abstract
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Case study, materials, and methods
42.3 Results and discussion
42.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 43 Remediation of graywater in floating treatment wetlands
Abstract
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Materials and methods
43.3 Results and discussion
43.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 44 Graywater treatment with pelletized mine water sludge
Abstract
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Materials and methods
44.3 Results and discussion
44.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 45 Industrial water treatment within a planted wetland and subsequent effluent reuse to grow vegetables
Abstract
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Materials and methods
45.3 Results and discussion
45.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 46 Piggery wastewater treatment with integrated constructed wetlands
Abstract
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Site, materials, and methods
46.3 Results and discussion
46.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 47 Dye wastewater treatment by vertical-flow wetlands
Abstract
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Materials and methods
47.3 Results and discussion
47.4 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 48 Ponds covered with Lemna minor treating dyes
Abstract
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Materials and methods
48.3 Results and discussion
48.4 Conclusions
References
Section F: Sustainable flood retention basins
Section F Introduction
Chapter 49 Wetland systems as part of the sustainable flood retention basin concept
Abstract
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Assessment of classification variables
49.3 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 50 Classification of sustainable flood retention basins
Abstract
50.1 Introduction to traditional classification
50.2 Traditional methodology
50.3 Discussion of the traditional method
50.4 Introduction to multilabel classification
50.5 Data and methodology
50.6 Experimental results and discussion
50.7 Representative case studies
50.8 Conclusions and recommendations
References
Chapter 51 Water-sensitive urban development for climate change adaptation
Abstract
51.1 Global climate change and regional consequences
51.2 Initial situation in the OOWV association area
51.3 Consideration of climate change in urban planning and drainage
51.4 Climate change adaptation in Oldenburg
51.5 Climate change adaptation concept
51.6 Climate adaptation concept for Oldenburg as a sectoral strategy
51.7 Subconcept water-sensitive urban development for climate change adaptation in Oldenburg
51.8 Concept for service, precipitation, and surface waters
51.9 Good practice measures
51.10 Conclusions and recommendations
References
References
Index

Miklas Scholz

DProf. Prof. Miklas Scholz, cand ing, BEng (equiv), PgC, MSc, PhD, DSc, CWEM, CEnv, CSci, CEng, FHEA, FIEMA, FCIWEM, FICE, Fellow of IWA, Fellow of IETI is a Senior Expert in Water Management at atene KOM, Germany and a Distinguished Professor at Johannesburg University, South Africa. Miklas holds the Chair in Civil Engineering as a Professor at The University of Salford, United Kingdom, and is a Senior Researcher at the South Ural State University, The Russian Federation. He is also a Technical Specialist for Nexus by Sweden and a Hydraulic Engineer at Kunststoff-Technik Adams, Germany. He has published 8 books and 314 journal articles. Prof. Scholz has total citations of about 13718 (8569 citations since 2018), resulting in an h-index of 57 and an i10-Index of 227. He belongs to the top 2% academics regarding the i10-index in the past five years. Miklas also belongs to the World's Top 2% Scientists by Stanford University. A bibliometric analysis of all constructed wetland-related publications and corresponding authors with a minimum number of 20 publications and 100 citations indicates that Miklas is on place 5 in the world of about 70 authors (including those who have sadly passed away). In 2019, Prof. Scholz was awarded EURO 7M for the EU H2020 REA project Water Retention and Nutrient Recycling in Soils and Streams for Improved Agricultural Production (WATERAGRI). He received EURO 1.52M for the JPI Water 2018 project Research-based Assessment of Integrated approaches to Nature-based SOLUTIONS (RAINSOLUTIONS).

Author's expertise:

Sustainability; civil engineering; environmental engineering; agricultural engineering; environmental science; water resources engineering; agricultural water management; nature-based solution; pollution control; biological filtration; wastewater treatment; decision support system; treatment wetland; integrated constructed wetland; engineering hydrology; storm water management; sustainable flood retention basin; dam risk failure; sustainable drainage system; climate change adaptation; permeable pavement system; pond; capillary suction time.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Expert, atene KOM, Berlin, Germany. Distinguished Professor, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. Professor, The University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom. Hydraulic Engineer, Kunststoff-Technik Adams, Elsfleth, Germany. Technical Specialist, Nexus by Sweden, Västerås, Sweden. Senior Researcher, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, The Russian Federation.

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