Weather and Climate on Planets

Introduction

Chapter 1 - Comparative Meteorology of Planets


1. Brief Review of the Origin and Evolution of the Solar System


2. Evolution of Planetary Atmospheres


3. Comparative Characteristics of Planetary Atmospheres


4. Some Basic Characteristics of Planetary Atmospheres


5. Laboratory Modeling


6. Similarity Theory


7. Numerical Modeling of the Atmospheric Circulation


8. On the Upper Atmospheres


9. On Methods of Remote Sounding

References

Chapter 2 - Venus


1. Composition and Structural Parameters


1.1. Introduction


1.2. Surface


1.3. Composition


1.4. Structural Parameters


2. Clouds


2.1. Introduction


2.2. Vertical Structure of Cloud Cover


2.3. Chemical Composition, Size Distribution and Optical Properties


3. Greenhouse Effect


3.1. Theoretical Calculations


3.2. Direct Measurements from Venera-8, 9 and 10


4. Atmospheric Circulation


4.1. Four-day Circulation


4.2. The data from Mariner-10


4.3. The data from Venera Spacecraft


4.4. Numerical Modeling of the Atmospheric Circulation


5. Upper Atmosphere


6. Venera-11 and 12 and Pioneer-Venus-1 and 2


6.1. Composition and Structural Parameters of the Atmosphere


6.2. Cloud Cover


6.3. Radiation Regime


6.4. General Circulation of the Atmosphere

References

Chapter 3 - Mars


1. Relief of Mars and Properties of the Surface Layer


1.1. TV Images of the Surface


1.2. Geology and Paleoclimate


1.3. Photometric and Polan'metric Measurements of the Martian Surface


1.4. Radioastronomical Studies


2. Composition and Structural Parameters of the Structure


2.1. Structural Parameters


3. Atmospheric Dust and Clouds


3.1. Clouds


4. General Atmospheric Circulation


4.1. Numerical Modeling of General circulation


4.2. The Theory of the Thermal Regime


4.3. The Theory of Dust Storms


5. The Upper Atmosphere


5.1. Ozone


5.2. Structure and Composition


5.3. Photochemistry


5.4. Turbulence


6. Results from Studies of the Atmosphere and the Surface of Mars with Viking-1,2 Orbiters and Landers


6.1. Searches for Landing Sites


6.2. Analysis of Surface Images Obtained from Viking Orbiters


6.3. Analysis of the Surface Images Obtained from Viking-landers


6.4. The Thermal Mapping Albedo


6.5. Properties of the Soil. Dust Storms


6.6. Gaseous Composition of the Atmosphere


6.7. Structural Parameters


6.8. Evolution of the Atmosphere


6.9. Meteorological Observations

References

Chapter 4 - Jupiter


1. Introduction


1.1. Pioneer-10, 11


1.2. The Voyager Mission


1.3. Jovian Planets


1.4. General Characteristics of Jupiter's Atmosphere


2. Models of an Above-Cloud Atmosphere


3. Cloud Cover. Lower Atmospheric Layers


4. The Thermal Emission Field


4.1. Infrared Absorption Spectrum


4.2. The Results of Calculations


4.3. Remote Sounding of the Atmosphere - Temperature Structure


5. General Circulation of the Atmosphere


5.1. Zonal Circulation


5.2. General Atmospheric Circulation ( Theoretical Studies)


5.3. Meteorology


6. Perspective of Studies of the Major Planets

References

Index