Water Renovation and Reuse

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I General and Technological Aspects

1 Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology in Water Reuse

I. Introduction

II. Specific Considerations Governing Reuse

III. Definitions

IV. Composition of Wastewaters

V. Treatment Processes

VI. Residues Resulting from Treating Wastewaters

VII. Systems and Costs for Water Renovation and Reuse

References

2 Health Considerations in Water Renovation and Reuse

I. Introduction

II. Types of Contaminants

III. Health Aspects of Various Types of Reuse

References

3 The Use of Wastewater for Agricultural irrigation

I. Introduction

II. Treated Wastewater Properties in Relation to Irrigation

III. Technical Aspects regarding Irrigation with Treated Wastewater

References

4 Water Reuse in Industry

I. Industrial Water Use

II. Proper Wastewater Plarining

III. Competition for Water

IV. Changing Regulations to Stimulate Water Reuse

V. Renting Water Reuse Equipment

VI. Disposing of Treatment Concentrates

VII. Training Plant Personnel in Use of the New System

VIII. Preparing Various Reports for all Governmental Agencies

IX. Benefits

X. Literature Survey

References

5 Reuse of Water for Municipal Purposes

I. Introduction

II. Current Status of Water Reclamation for Reuse

III. Discussion and Conclusion

References

6 Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes and Wastewater Renovation

I. Introduction

II. Principles of Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes

III. Reverse Osmosis

IV. Ultrafiltration

V. Conclusions

References

7 Alternative Water Reuse Systems: A Cost-Effectiveness Approach

I. Introduction

II. Case Study of Tucson

III. Application of Methodology

IV. Summary and Conclusions

References

Part II Experience and Practice Around the World

8 Water Reuse in California

I. Introduction

II. Status of Wastewater Reclamation

III. Health Concerns

IV. California Regulations

V. Development of Wastewater Reclamation

Appendix: Wastewater Reclamation Criteria

9 Water Reuse in the Federal Republic of Germany

I. Water Resources and Reuse of Wastewater

II. Reclamation of Water from Wastewater for Public Supply

III. Reuse of Wastewater for Industrial Purposes

IV. Reuse of Wastewater for Agricultural Purposes

References

10 Water Reuse in India

I. Introduction

II. Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Industrial Use

III. Reuse of Water in Tall Buildings

IV. Reuse of Water in the Cotton Textile Industry

V. Reuse of Water in Other Industries

VI. Reuse in Irrigation

VII. Use of Night Soil

VIII. Conclusion

References

11 Water Reuse in Israel

I. Introduction

II. Renovated Wastewater as Part of Overall Resources

III. Reuse Objectives and Regulations

IV. Practices and Plans of Wastewater Reuse

V. Economic Aspects

VI. Conclusions

References

12 Wastewater Reuse in Japan

I. The Characteristics of Water Resources in Japan

II. Reuse of Treated Sewage for Industry

III. Night-Soil Treatment by Photosynthetic Bacteria and Chlorella

References

13 Water Reuse in South Africa

I. Introduction

II. Agricultural Reuse

III. Industrial Reuse

IV. Direct and Indirect Reuse of Wastewater

V. Future Planning

VI. Conclusions

References

14 Water Reuse in the United Kingdom

I. Water Economy of the British Isles

II. Indirect Reuse

III. Direct Reuse

IV. Research Projects

V. Alternatives to Reuse

References

15 The EPA-DC Pilot Plant at Washington, D.C.

I. Introduction

II. Pilot Plant Facilities

III. Early Tertiary Treatment

IV. Pilot Studies for the District of Columbia

V. Recent Work

References

Index