Waste Materials Used in Concrete Manufacturing

1. Properties and Use of Solid Residue From Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion Introduction Starting Materials and the Combustion Process The Chemical and Phase Composition of AFBC and PFBC Ashes The Reactivity of Fluidized Bed Ashes The Analysis of Ashes and Testing of Ash Mixes Utilization of Ashes Without Additives Portland Fly Ash Cements and Composite Cements Possible Use of AFBC and PFBC Solid Residue as Constituents of Concrete Mixes The Use of Fluidized Bed Ashes in Multi-Component Portland Clinker Free Cements Autoclaved Products Artificial Concrete Aggregate Fluidized Bed Ashes as Constituents of Portland Cement Clinker Raw Meal Legal and Standardization Aspects, Performance Requirements Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research References2. Production and Use of By-Product Gypsum in the Construction Industry Introduction Chemical Gypsums Flue Gas Desulphurization Products References3. Fly Ash In Concrete Introduction Fly Ash Characterization Effect of Fly Ash on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties Durability Others References4. The Use of Rice Husk Ash in Concrete Introduction Classification of Rice Husk Ash Analysis of The Quality of RHA Hydration Mechanisms of Paste with RHA Early Characteristics of Concrete with RHA The Durability Properties of Concrete with RHA Summary References5. Blast Furnace Slag - The Ultimate Binder Introduction Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Processes of Hydration and Hardening of Slag Cements Cements Using Blast Furnace Granulated Slags Concretes Containing Granulated Blast Furnace Slags Field Experience and Special Use of Slag Alkali Cements Conclusions and Recommendations References6. Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and their Fields of Application Introduction Red Mud Utilization Phosphogypsum Utilization Summary and Conclusions References7. Use of Lignin-Based Products in Concrete Introduction The Nature and Source of Lignins Lignosulphonates Use of Lignosulphonates in Concrete Effects on Hydration of Cement and Microstructure of Concrete Performance in Concrete Factors Influencing the Performance of Lignosulphonate Admixtures Use as Superplasticizers Effects on Durability of Concrete Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments References8. Recycling of Waste as an Alternative Raw Material and Fuel in Cement Manufacturing Introduction Waste Utilization of Waste and Environmental Pollution Control Influence of Using Waste Alternatives to Replace Raw Materials and Fuel on Clinker Formation and the Character of Cement Clinker Influence of Waste Alternatives on Cement Quality Procedure to Use Waste as Alternative Raw Materials and Fuels Other Types of Cement-Utilizing Waste Summary References9. Use of Silica Fume in Concrete Introduction Origin Silica Fumes and Synthetic Silica Evolution of Hydrogen Pozzolanic Reactivity, Hydration and Microstructure Durability Properties Concluding Remarks References 10. Palm Oil Shell Aggregate for Lightweight Concrete Introduction Lightweight Concrete Palm Oil Shell Aggregate Lightweight Concrete Using Palm Oil Shells Comparison with Other Agricultural Wastes Applications Acknowledgments References Index