Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing

UNIT I Foundations in Theory


1 Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health and Mental Illness
Mental Health
Mental Illness
Mental Health Continuum
Determinants of Mental Health
Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Illness
Nature Versus Nurture
National Influences on Mental Health Care
Consumer Movement and Mental Health Recovery
Decade of the Brain
Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health
Human Genome Project
President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
Institute of Medicine
Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative
Research Domain Criteria Initiative
National Suicide and Crisis Lifeline
Addressing a National Mental Health Crisis
Legislation and Mental Health Funding
Mental Health Parity
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders
Comorbidity
Incidence and Prevalence
Clinical Epidemiology
Classification of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
International Classification of Diseases
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Classification of Nursing Diagnoses
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurse Education
Trends Impacting Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

2 Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theories and Therapies
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy
Implications of Freudian Theory for Nursing Practice
Interpersonal Theories and Therapies
Interpersonal Theory
Interpersonal Therapy
Implications of Interpersonal Theory to Nursing
Behavioral Theories and Therapies
Classical Conditioning Theory
Behavioral Theory
Operant Conditioning Theory
Behavior Therapy
Implications of Behavior Theory to Nursing
Cognitive Theories and Therapies
Rational-Emotive Therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Implications of Cognitive Theory for Nursing
Humanistic Theories
Theory of Human Motivation
Implications of Motivation Theory for Nursing
Biological Theories and Therapies
Biological Model
Biological Therapies
Implications of the Biological Model for Nursing
Developmental Theories
Cognitive Development
Theory of Psychosocial Development
Theory of Object Relations
Theories of Moral Development
Ethics of Care Theory
Conclusion
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

3 Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology
Functions of the Brain
Maintenance of Homeostasis
Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System and Hormones
Control of Biological Drives and Behavior
Conscious Mental Activity
Cellular Composition of the Brain
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Inactivation
Organization of the Brain
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Visualizing the Brain
Structural Imaging Techniques
Functional Imaging Techniques
Disturbances of Mental Function
Genetics
Neurotransmitters
Pharmacotherapy
Action of Psychotropic Medications
Antianxiety Agents
Sleep-Wake Medications
Antidepressant Medications
Mood Stabilizers
Antipsychotic Medications
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication
Neurocognitive Medication
Herbal Treatments
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT II Foundations for Practice


4 Treatment Settings
Background
Continuum of Care
Outpatient Care
Outpatient Care Settings
Prevention in Outpatient Care
Outpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Inpatient Care
Inpatient Care Settings
Considerations for Inpatient Care
Inpatient Psychiatric Nursing Care
Specialty Treatment Settings
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

5 Cultural Implications
Race Ethnicity and Culture
Race
Ethnicity
Culture
Measuring Race and Ethnicity in the United States
Demographic Shifts in the United States
Diversity Equality Equity and Inclusion
Diversity
Equality
Equity
Inclusion
Social Determinants of Health
Worldviews
Western Tradition
Eastern Tradition
Indigenous Culture
Impact of Culture
Cultural Barriers to Mental Health Services
Communication Barriers
Stigma of Mental Illness
Misdiagnosis
Cultural Concepts of Distress
Cultural Idioms
Cultural Explanations
Cultural Syndromes
Genetic Variation in Pharmacodynamics
Special At-Risk Populations
Immigrants
Refugees
Poverty
Culturally Congruent Care
Cultural Competemility
Cultural Awareness
Cultural Knowledge
Cultural Encounters
Cultural Skill
Cultural Desire
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

6 Ethical and Legal Considerations
Ethics in Psychiatric Nursing
Ethical Principles
Genetic Ethical Issues
Legal Issues in Psychiatric Nursing
Hospitalization
Patients’ Rights Under the Law
Laws Relevant to Psychiatric Nursing
Intentional Torts
Unintentional Torts
Standards for Nursing Care
State Boards of Nursing
Professional Associations
Institutional Policies and Procedures
Custom as a Standard of Care
Acting on Questionable Practice
Negligence Irresponsibility or Impairment
State Laws
Documentation of Care
Medical Records and Quality Improvement
Medical Records as Evidence
Guidelines for Electronic Documentation
Forensic Nursing
Violence in the Psychiatric Setting
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT III Psychosocial Nursing Tools

7 The Nursing Process and Standards of Care
The Nursing Process
Assessment
Age Considerations
Language Barriers
Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing Assessment
Gathering Data
Validating the Assessment
Using Rating Scales
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Statements
Types of Nursing Diagnoses
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Registered Nurse Implementation
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Interventions
Evaluation
Documentation
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

8 Therapeutic Relationships
Concepts Central to the Nurse–Patient Relationship
Importance of Talk Therapy
Goals and Functions
Personal Versus Therapeutic Relationships
Relationship Boundaries and Roles
Peplau’s Model of the Nurse–Patient Relationship
Preorientation Phase
Orientation Phase
Working Phase
Termination Phase
Factors that Promote Patients’ Growth
Genuineness
Empathy
Positive Regard
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

9 Therapeutic Communication
Theoretical Models of Communication
The Transactional Model of Communication
Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory
Factors That Affect Communication
Personal Factors
Environmental Factors
Relationship Factors
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Interaction of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Silence
Active Listening
Clarifying Techniques
Questions
Nontherapeutic Communication
Excessive Questioning
Cultural Considerations
Communication Style
Eye Contact
Touch
Cultural Filters
The Counseling Session
Preparing for the Session
Introductions
Tactics to Avoid
Behaviors That Support Counseling
Evaluation of Communication Skills
Information Communication Technologies
Telehealth
Mobile Applications
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

10 Stress Responses and Stress Management
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Responses to and Effects of Stress
Early Stress Response Theories
Immune System Stress Responses
Mediators of the Stress Response
Perception
Individual Temperament
Social Support
Support Groups
Culture
Spirituality and Religion
Nursing Management of Stress Responses
Measuring Stress
Assessing Coping Styles
Managing Stress Through Relaxation Techniques
Other Ways to Relax
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT IV Psychobiological Disorders


11 Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
General Nursing Care for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Assessment
Implementation
Teamwork and Safety
Disruptive Behavior Management
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcome Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Specific Learning Disorder
Communication Disorders
Language Disorder
Speech Sound Disorder
Child-Onset Fluency Disorder
Social Communication Disorder
Motor Disorders
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Tic Disorders
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

12 Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Schizophrenia
Clinical Picture
Phases of Schizophrenia
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

13 Bipolar and Related Disorders
Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Other Bipolar Disorders
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

14 Depressive Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Other Depressive Disorders
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

15 Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Anxiety
Levels of Anxiety
Defenses Against Anxiety
Anxiety Disorders
Clinical Picture
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Specific Phobias
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Other Anxiety Disorders
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
Trichotillomania and Excoriation Disorder
Other Compulsive Disorders
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

16 Trauma- Stressor-Related and Dissociative Disorders
Trauma-Related Disorders
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcome Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Acute Stress Disorder
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Psychological Therapies
Adjustment and Attachment Disorders
Adjustment Disorder
Attachment Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia and Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

17 Somatic Symptom Disorders
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Guidelines for Nursing Care
Treatment Modalities
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Guidelines for Nursing Care
Treatment Modalities
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Guidelines for Nursing Care
Treatment Modalities
Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Guidelines for Nursing Care
Treatment Modalities
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Factitious Disorder
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Nursing Care Associated With Factitious Disorders
Treatment Modalities
Malingering
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

18 Eating and Feeding Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Bulimia Nervosa
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Binge-Eating Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Feeding Disorders
Pica
Rumination Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

19 Sleep–Wake Disorders
Sleep
Consequences of Sleep Loss
Irregular Sleep
Too Much Sleep
Normal Sleep Cycle
Life Cycle Sleep Patterns
Regulation of Sleep
Functions of Sleep
Sleep Requirements
Sleep–Wake Disorders
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia Disorder
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Narcolepsy
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
Central Sleep Apnea
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Parasomnias
Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders
Nightmare Disorder
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Restless Legs Syndrome
Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder
Diagnosing Sleep Disorders
Comorbidity
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities for Insomnia
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

20 Sexual Dysfunction Gender Dysphoria and Paraphilic Disorders
Sexuality
Sexual Dysfunction
Clinical Picture
Sexual Disorders
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Gender Dysphoria
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Nursing Care for Gender Dysphoria
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Paraphilic Disorders
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Fetishistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder and Sexual Masochism Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
Voyeuristic Disorder
Paraphilic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

21 Impulse Control Disorders
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Conduct Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Pyromania and Kleptomania
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

22 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Substance Use Disorders
Concepts Central to Substance Use Disorders
Scheduled Drugs
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Clinical Picture
Caffeine
Cannabis Use Disorder
Hallucinogen Use Disorder
Inhalant Use Disorder
Opioid Use Disorder
Sedative Hypnotic and Antianxiety Medication Use Disorder
Stimulant Use Disorder
Tobacco Use Disorder
Gambling Disorder
Alcohol Use Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Types of Problematic Drinking
Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol Withdrawal
Cognitive Disturbances
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Systemic Effects
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Continuum of Care for Substance Use Disorders
Detoxification
Rehabilitation
Sober Houses and Halfway Houses
Other Housing
Partial Hospitalization Program
Intensive Outpatient Programs
Outpatient Treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous
Relapse Prevention
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

23 Neurocognitive Disorders
Delirium
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Major Neurocognitive Disorders
Alzheimer’s Disease
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

24 Personality Disorders
Overview
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review
NGN Case Study and Questions

UNIT V Trauma Interventions


25 Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Suicide
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatments
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

26 Crisis and Disaster
Crisis Characteristics
Perception of the Event
Situational Support
Coping Mechanisms
Crisis Theory
Lindemann’s Symptoms of Acute Grief
Caplan’s Crisis Intervention Strategies
Types and Phases of Crises
Types of Crises
Phases of Crisis
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Crisis Call Lines
Warm Lines
Crisis Intervention Teams
Crisis Stabilization Facilities
Psychiatric Advance Directive Plan
Disaster Response
Disaster Management Continuum
Disaster Management Context
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

27 Anger Aggression and Violence
Overview of Anger Aggression and Violence
Clinical Picture
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Biological Treatment
Psychological Therapies
Anger Aggression and Violence in General Hospital Settings
Patients With Healthy Coping Skills Who Are Overwhelmed
Patients With Marginal Coping Skills
Patients With Cognitive Deficits
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

28 Child Older Adult and Intimate Partner Violence
Overview of Abuse
Types of Abuse
Crisis Situation
The Perpetrator and the Vulnerable Person
Child Abuse
Epidemiology
Comorbidity
Risk Factors
Intimate Partner Violence
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Cycle of Violence
Older Adult Abuse
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Individual Therapy
Family Therapy
Group Therapy
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

29 Sexual Assault
Sexual Violence
Sexual Assault
Rape
Stalking
Legal Issues With Sexual Assault Rape and Stalking
Epidemiology
Sexual Assault
Rape
Stalking
Clinical Picture
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Psychological Therapies
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT VI Interventions for Special Populations

30 Dying Death and Grieving
Death and Dying
An Aging Population
Models for End-of-Life Care
Death and Dying Theory
Facilitating Death
Artificial Nutrition and Hydration
Euthanasia
Medical Aid in Dying
Advance Care Planning
Advance Directives
Provider Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment
Nursing Care at the End of Life
Communication
Art of Presence
Symptom Management
Anticipatory Grief
Palliative Care for Patients With Dementia
Developmental Tasks in Dying
The Dying Process
Grieving
Grieving Theories
Grief and Technology
Grief Versus Major Depressive Disorder
Types of Grief and Associated Nursing Care
Self-Care
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

31 Older Adults
Aging Demographics
Statistics
Life Expectancy
Chronological Age
Chronic Illness
Late-Life Mental Illness
Major Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Neurocognitive Disorders
Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Pain in Older Adults
Barriers to Accurate Pain Assessment
Assessment Tools
Pain Management
Healthcare Concerns of Older Adults
Financial Burden
Caregiver Burden
Ageism
Healthcare Decision-Making
Advance Directives
Guardianship
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Treatment Settings
Hospital-Based Care
Home-Based Services
Residential Care
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

32 Serious Mental Illness
Overview of Serious Mental Illness
The Concept of Serious Mental Illness
Mental Illness Statistics
Impact of SMIs
The Development of Serious Mental Illness and Age Considerations
Development of Serious Mental Illness
Special Populations
Issues Confronting Individuals With Serious Mental Illness
Establishing a Meaningful Life
Comorbid Conditions
Social Problems
Economic Challenges
Caregiver Burden
Treatment Issues
Serious Mental Illness Resources
Rehabilitation Versus Recovery Two Models of Care
Comprehensive Community Treatment
Substance Use Treatment
Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches
Assertive Community Treatment
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy
Family Support and Partnerships
Social Skills Training
Vocational Rehabilitation and Related Services
Other Treatment Approaches
Court-Involved Intervention
Consumer-Run Programs
Peer Support
Technology
Exercise
Nursing Care of Patients With Serious Mental Illness
Assessment Strategies
Intervention Strategies
Evaluation
Current Issues Affecting Individuals With Serious Mental Illness
Outpatient Commitment
Criminal Offenses and Incarceration
Deinstitutionalization and Transinstitutionalization
Inadequate Access to Care
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

33 Forensic Nursing
Forensic Nursing
Education
Roles and Functions of Forensic Nurses
Forensic Psychiatric Nursing
Education and Training
Roles and Functions of Forensic Psychiatric Nurses
Correctional Nursing
Demographics of Incarceration
Constitutional Right to Healthcare
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders
Treatment for Psychiatric Conditions
Discharge Planning
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

UNIT VII Other Intervention Modalities


34 Therapeutic Groups
Psychiatric Nursing Care in Groups
From Group to Therapeutic Group
Concepts Common to All Groups
Expected Outcomes for Groups
Phases of Group Development
Planning Phase
Orientation Phase
Working Phase
Termination Phase
Post-Group Issues Evaluation and Follow-Up
Group Roles and Therapeutic Frameworks
Group Participant Roles
Therapeutic Framework for Groups
Nurses as Group Leaders
Styles of Leadership
Group Leader Supervision
Ethical Issues in Group Therapy
Dealing With Challenging Member Behaviors
Monopolizing Group Member
Disruptive Group Member
Silent Group Member
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

35 Family Interventions
Family Structure
Family Functions
Family Therapy
Overview of Family Therapy
Concepts Central to Family Therapy
Triangulation
Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Treatment Modalities
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

36 Integrative Care
Integrative Care in the United States
Consumers and Integrative Care
Integrative Nursing Care
Integrative Care Education and Certification
Classification of Integrative Care
Nutritional Approaches
Mind-Body Approaches
Other Complementary Therapies
Historical Notes Regarding CAM
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Ayurvedic Medicine
Key Points to Remember
Clinical Judgment
Chapter Review

Index