Trickle Bed Reactors

Preface1 Introduction1.1 Trickle bed reactors1.1.1 Basic configuration and operation of trickle beds1.1.2 Comparison with other reactors and applications1.2 Reactor engineering of trickle bed reactors1.2.1 Key issues1.2.2 Multiscale approach for reactor engineering 1.3 Organization of this book2 Hydrodynamics and Flow Regimes2.1 Introduction2.2 Flow regimes2.2.1 Trickle flow regime 2.2.2 Pulse flow regime2.2.3 Spray flow regime2.2.4 Bubbling flow regime2.3 Flow regime transition2.4 Estimation of Key Hydrodynamic Parameters2.4.1 Pressure drop2.4.2 Liquid holdup2.4.3 Wetting of catalyst particles2.4.4 Gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient2.4.5 Liquid-solid mass transfer coefficient2.4.6 Gas-solid mass transfer2.4.7 Axial dispersion2.4.8 Heat transfer in trickle bed reactors2.5 Summary3 Reaction Engineering of Trickle Bed Reactors3.1 Introduction3.2 Overall rate of reaction3.2.1 Completely wetted catalyst particles3.2.2 Partially wetted catalyst particles3.2.3 Exothermic reactions3.3 Reactor performance models for trickle bed reactors3.3.1 Empirical pseudo-homogeneous models3.3.2 Generalized model for complete wetting of catalyst particle3.3.3 Adiabatic trickle bed reactor model3.3.4 Non-isothermal trickle bed reactor model: Complex reactions3.3.5 Periodic operations in trickle bed reactors3.4 Summary4 Flow Modeling of Trickle Beds4.1 Introduction4.2 Characterization of packed beds4.2.1 Randomly packed bed4.2.2 Structured bed4.3 Single phase flow through packed bed4.3.1 Modeling approaches4.3.2 Model equations and boundary conditions4.3.3 Flow through an array of particles4.3.4 Flow through a packed bed of randomly packed particles4.4 Gas liquid flow through packed beds4.4.1 Modeling of gas liquid flow through packed beds4.4.2 Simulation of gas liquid flow in trickle beds4.4.3 Simulation of reactions in trickle bed reactors4.5 Summary5 Reactor Performance and Scale-up5.1 Introduction5.2 Reactor performance5.2.1 Effective reaction rate and performance5.2.2 Particle characteristics5.2.3 Gas-liquid distributor5.2.4 Liquid maldistribution and performance5.2.5 Residence time distribution5.2.6 Periodic operation and performance5.3 Trickle bed reactor design and scale up5.3.1 Reactor scale-up/scale-down5.3.2 Reactor scale-up methodologies5.3.3 Reactor parameters, scale-up and performance5.4 Engineering of trickle bed reactors5.5 Summary6 Applications and Recent Developments6.1 Introduction6.2 Examples of trickle bed reactor applications6.2.1 Hydrogenation Reactions6.2.2 Hydroprocessing Reactions6.2.3 Oxidation Reactions6.3 Recent Developments6.3.1 Monolith Reactors6.3.2 Micro-trickle bed reactors6.4 ClosureNotationsAuthor IndexSubject Index