Thermal Methods of Petroleum Production

Part I. Petroleum Production Employing Heat Carriers. Development of thermal methods and the prospects of using them to increase oil yield from reservoirs. Reservoirs with high viscosity crude: targets for application of thermal methods. Study of factors determining petroleum yield of reservoir rocks containing high viscosity crudes. Yield of high viscosity oil from reservoirs producing by dissolved gas drive. Increasing the yield of high viscosity oil by use of different heat carriers. Use of thermal methods at Zybza field containing high viscosity oil. Selecting the best steaming methods for reservoirs lacking uniform characteristics. Experimental and commercial scale application of different reservoir steaming techniques. Monitoring and control of block-cyclic-steaming under field conditions. Results of reservoir steaming under experimental conditions in producing fields. Part II. Petroleum Production by In Situ Combustion (Fire Flooding). Characteristics of in situ combustion: EOR method. Equipment and installations used in fire flooding. Oxidation and heat exchange processes in oil reservoirs. Experimental and commercial production of oil from reservoirs by in situ combustion. Part III. Heat-Energy Installations for Use with Thermal EOR Methods. Steam generating plants. Special compressor installations for in situ combustion. Part IV. Planning of Oil Production by Thermal Methods. Prerequisite geological and physical conditions. Technological requirements for application of thermal methods. Basis for oil production system by thermal EOR methods. Planning of oil production by thermal methods for the Karazhanbas field project. Bibliography.