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Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials
- 2nd Edition - November 5, 2022
- Authors: Krzysztof Pielichowski, James Njuguna, Tomasz M. Majka
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 0 2 3 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 1 4 2 - 5
Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors who require a thorough understanding of the impli… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors who require a thorough understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on materials and product performance. Sections cover thermal degradation mechanisms and kinetics, as well as various techniques, such as thermogravimetry in combination with mass spectroscopy and infrared spectrometry to investigate thermal decomposition routes. Other chapters focus on polymers and copolymers, including polyolefins, styrene polymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylates, natural polymers, inorganic polymers, high temperature-resistant and conducting polymers, blends, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, nanocomposites, and biocomposites.
Finally, other key considerations such as recycling of polymers by thermal degradation, thermal degradation during processing, and modelling, are discussed in detail.
- Explains mechanisms of polymer degradation, making it possible to understand and predict material behavior at elevated temperatures
- Offers systematic coverage of each polymer group that is supported by data detailed explanations and critical analysis
- Investigates thermal decomposition routes in new materials, such as organic-inorganic hybrid materials and polymer nanocomposites
Researchers, scientists, and advanced students in polymer science, materials chemistry, chemical engineering, plastics engineering, and materials engineering. Engineers, R&D, and scientists working with polymeric materials for advanced applications, including in construction, automobiles, aerospace, biotechnology, pharmaceutics, packaging, and electronics
1. Introduction to Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials
2. Mechanisms of Thermal Degradation of Polymers
2.1. Side-Group Elimination
2.2. Random Scission
2.3. Depolymerisation
3. Thermooxidative Degradation of Polymers
3.1. Mechanism
3.2. Secondary processes
4. Thermal Degradation Techniques
Abbreviations
4.1.1. Thermogravimetry (TG) and hyphenated techniques
4.1.2. Pyrolysis (Py) and Py-GC/MS
4.1.3. Thermal Volatilisation Analysis (TVA)
4.1.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and modulated temperature DSC
4.1.5. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI)
4.1.6. Localized Thermal Analysis
4.1.7. Others
5. Kinetics of Thermal Degradation
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Kinetic Analysis
5.3. Ageing and Lifetime Predictions
6. Thermal Degradation of Polymers, Copolymers and Blends
6.1. Polyolefins
6.1.1. Polyethylene (PE)
6.1.2. Polypropylene (PP)
6.1.3. Ethylene-propylene thermoplastic elastomers
6.1.4. Polyisobutylene (PIB)
6.1.5. Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
6.1.6. Diene Polymers
6.2. Styrene Polymers
6.2.1. Polystyrene (PS) and its Chemical Modifications
6.2.2. Styrene Copolymers
6.2.3. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer (ABS)
6.2.4. Polystyrene Blends
6.3. Acrylic Polymers
6.3.1. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)
6.3.2. Acryl (Co)Polymers
6.3.3. Acrylonitrile-Containing (Co)Polymers
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
6.4.1. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Homopolymer
6.4.2. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends
6.4.3. Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)
6.5 Fluorine-containing Vinyl Polymers
6.5.1. Poly(Vinyl Fluoride)
6.5.2. Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
6.5.3. Polytetrafluoroethylene
6.6. Polyacetals
Polyamides (PAs)
6.7.1. Poly(Ester Amide)s
6.7.2. Liquid-Crystalline Polyamides
6.7.3. Polyamide Blends
6.7.4. Bio-polyamides
Polyurethanes (PUs)
6.8.1. Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
6.8.2. Polyurethane Foams
6.8.3. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes
6.9. Epoxy Polymers
Polyesters
6.9.1. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET)
6.9.2. Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) (PBT)
6.9.3 Thermoplastic polyester elastomers
6.9.4. Unsaturated Polyester Resins
6.9.5. Polycarbonate
6.9.6. Polylactide
6.9.7. Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs)
7. Thermal Degradation of Natural Polymers
7.1. Starch
7.2. Chitin and Chitosan
7.3. Cellulose
7.4. Lignins
7.5. Proteins
7.6. Natural Rubber
8. Thermal Degradation of Inorganic Polymers
8.1. Polysiloxanes
8.2. Polyphosphazenes
8.3. Polysilazanes and Polysilanes
9. Thermal Degradation of High Temperature-Resistant Polymers
9.1. Aromatic Polyamides
9.2. Aromatic Polycarbonates
9.3. Aromatic Polyethers
9.4. Phenylene-Containing Polymers
9.5. Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (PEEK)
9.6. Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs)
9.7. Polybismaleimides (BMIs)
9.8. Polybenzoxazines
9.9. Polysulfones
9.10. Other High-Temperature Polymers
10. Thermal Degradation of Conducting Polymers
10.1. Polyaniline
10.2. Polythiophene
10.3. Polypyrrole
11. Thermal Degradation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials
11.1. Polymer-functionalized silica hybrids
11.2. Polymer-functionalized CNT and graphene hybrid materials
11.3. Hybrids containing POSS
12. Thermal Degradation of Polymer (Nano)composites
12.1. Polymer composites reinforced by glass and carbon fibre
12.2 Porous fillers in polymer composites
12.3. Polymer nanocomposites with layered silicates
12.4. Polymer composites reinforcement by CNT and graphene
12.5. Silver and gold-based polymer nanocomposites
13. Thermal Degradation of Biocomposites
13.1. Polymer composites with lignocellulosic fibers
13.2. Thermal stability enhancements by cellulose nanocrystals
13.3. Starch-containing polymer composites
13.4. Polymeric materials with lignin
14. Recycling of Polymers by Thermal Degradation
14.1. Polyolefins
14.2. Polystyrene
14.2.1. Polystyrene in the Melt
14.2.2. Polystyrene in Solution
14.3. Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
14.4. Polyamides
14.5. Natural Polymers
14.5.1. Poly(L-Lactic Acid)
14.5.2. Lignocellulose
14.6. Other Homopolymers
14.7. Mixtures of Polymer Wastes
14.8. Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials – Ecological Issues
14.8.1. Disposal Options and Sources of Information
14.8.2. Sustainable Development
15. Thermal Degradation During Processing of Polymers
15.1. Polyethylene
15.2. Polypropylene and its Blends
15.3. Polyamides
15.4. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
15.5. PVC and vinylidene chloride copolymers processing
15.6. Other Polymers
16. Modelling of Thermal Degradation Process
17. Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials: Conclusions and Future Outlook
2. Mechanisms of Thermal Degradation of Polymers
2.1. Side-Group Elimination
2.2. Random Scission
2.3. Depolymerisation
3. Thermooxidative Degradation of Polymers
3.1. Mechanism
3.2. Secondary processes
4. Thermal Degradation Techniques
Abbreviations
4.1.1. Thermogravimetry (TG) and hyphenated techniques
4.1.2. Pyrolysis (Py) and Py-GC/MS
4.1.3. Thermal Volatilisation Analysis (TVA)
4.1.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and modulated temperature DSC
4.1.5. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI)
4.1.6. Localized Thermal Analysis
4.1.7. Others
5. Kinetics of Thermal Degradation
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Kinetic Analysis
5.3. Ageing and Lifetime Predictions
6. Thermal Degradation of Polymers, Copolymers and Blends
6.1. Polyolefins
6.1.1. Polyethylene (PE)
6.1.2. Polypropylene (PP)
6.1.3. Ethylene-propylene thermoplastic elastomers
6.1.4. Polyisobutylene (PIB)
6.1.5. Cyclic Olefin Copolymers
6.1.6. Diene Polymers
6.2. Styrene Polymers
6.2.1. Polystyrene (PS) and its Chemical Modifications
6.2.2. Styrene Copolymers
6.2.3. Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer (ABS)
6.2.4. Polystyrene Blends
6.3. Acrylic Polymers
6.3.1. Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)
6.3.2. Acryl (Co)Polymers
6.3.3. Acrylonitrile-Containing (Co)Polymers
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
6.4.1. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Homopolymer
6.4.2. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends
6.4.3. Poly(Vinylidene Chloride)
6.5 Fluorine-containing Vinyl Polymers
6.5.1. Poly(Vinyl Fluoride)
6.5.2. Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
6.5.3. Polytetrafluoroethylene
6.6. Polyacetals
Polyamides (PAs)
6.7.1. Poly(Ester Amide)s
6.7.2. Liquid-Crystalline Polyamides
6.7.3. Polyamide Blends
6.7.4. Bio-polyamides
Polyurethanes (PUs)
6.8.1. Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
6.8.2. Polyurethane Foams
6.8.3. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes
6.9. Epoxy Polymers
Polyesters
6.9.1. Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET)
6.9.2. Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) (PBT)
6.9.3 Thermoplastic polyester elastomers
6.9.4. Unsaturated Polyester Resins
6.9.5. Polycarbonate
6.9.6. Polylactide
6.9.7. Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs)
7. Thermal Degradation of Natural Polymers
7.1. Starch
7.2. Chitin and Chitosan
7.3. Cellulose
7.4. Lignins
7.5. Proteins
7.6. Natural Rubber
8. Thermal Degradation of Inorganic Polymers
8.1. Polysiloxanes
8.2. Polyphosphazenes
8.3. Polysilazanes and Polysilanes
9. Thermal Degradation of High Temperature-Resistant Polymers
9.1. Aromatic Polyamides
9.2. Aromatic Polycarbonates
9.3. Aromatic Polyethers
9.4. Phenylene-Containing Polymers
9.5. Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (PEEK)
9.6. Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs)
9.7. Polybismaleimides (BMIs)
9.8. Polybenzoxazines
9.9. Polysulfones
9.10. Other High-Temperature Polymers
10. Thermal Degradation of Conducting Polymers
10.1. Polyaniline
10.2. Polythiophene
10.3. Polypyrrole
11. Thermal Degradation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials
11.1. Polymer-functionalized silica hybrids
11.2. Polymer-functionalized CNT and graphene hybrid materials
11.3. Hybrids containing POSS
12. Thermal Degradation of Polymer (Nano)composites
12.1. Polymer composites reinforced by glass and carbon fibre
12.2 Porous fillers in polymer composites
12.3. Polymer nanocomposites with layered silicates
12.4. Polymer composites reinforcement by CNT and graphene
12.5. Silver and gold-based polymer nanocomposites
13. Thermal Degradation of Biocomposites
13.1. Polymer composites with lignocellulosic fibers
13.2. Thermal stability enhancements by cellulose nanocrystals
13.3. Starch-containing polymer composites
13.4. Polymeric materials with lignin
14. Recycling of Polymers by Thermal Degradation
14.1. Polyolefins
14.2. Polystyrene
14.2.1. Polystyrene in the Melt
14.2.2. Polystyrene in Solution
14.3. Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
14.4. Polyamides
14.5. Natural Polymers
14.5.1. Poly(L-Lactic Acid)
14.5.2. Lignocellulose
14.6. Other Homopolymers
14.7. Mixtures of Polymer Wastes
14.8. Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials – Ecological Issues
14.8.1. Disposal Options and Sources of Information
14.8.2. Sustainable Development
15. Thermal Degradation During Processing of Polymers
15.1. Polyethylene
15.2. Polypropylene and its Blends
15.3. Polyamides
15.4. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
15.5. PVC and vinylidene chloride copolymers processing
15.6. Other Polymers
16. Modelling of Thermal Degradation Process
17. Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials: Conclusions and Future Outlook
- No. of pages: 378
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: November 5, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128230237
- eBook ISBN: 9780128231425
KP
Krzysztof Pielichowski
Professor Krzysztof Pielichowski, head of Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, is an expert in polymer (nano)technology and chemistry, particularly in the areas of polymer nanocomposites with engineering polymers and hybrid organic-inorganic materials containing POSS. Prof. Pielichowski is currently performing a research programme in the area of preparation of engineering polymer nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties for construction applications.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Head of Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, PolandJN
James Njuguna
Prof. James Njuguna is the Academic Strategic Lead (Research) in Composite Materials at Robert Gordon University. He holds both PhD and MSc in Aeronautical Engineering from City, University of University. Dr. Njuguna is a Fellow of The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. He is a former Marie Curie Fellow and Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) Fellow. He has held various academic positions at Cracow University of Technology (Poland) and Cranfield University (UK). His research interests are focused on polymer (nano)composites – their fabrication, characterisation of thermal and mechanical properties, and safe disposal.
Affiliations and expertise
Academic Strategic Lead (Research) in Composite Materials, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UKTM
Tomasz M. Majka
Dr. Tomasz M. Majka is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology. He is an expert in polymer technology, especially in the area of pyrolysis and flammability of composite polymeric materials. Research works are focused on new flame retardants and heat stabilizers for engineering (construction) polymers, such as polyamides and polyoxymethylene. Member of the Polish Committee for Standardization, Technical Committee No. 141 – Plastics.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Poland