The Vein Book

1st Edition - November 17, 2006
Latest edition
Editor: John J. Bergan
Language: English

The Vein Book is a comprehensive reference on veins and venous circulation. In one volume it provides complete, authoritative, and up-to-date information about venous functi… Read more

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The Vein Book is a comprehensive reference on veins and venous circulation. In one volume it provides complete, authoritative, and up-to-date information about venous function and dysfunction, bridging the gap between clinical medicine and basic science. It is the single authoritative resource which consolidates present knowledge and stimulates further developments in this rapidly changing field.

Contributing Authors
Preface
Prologue
Introduction
Chapter 1: Historical Introduction
- VENOUS ANATOMY
- VESALIUS’S OMISSION I: VENOUS VALVES
- VESALIUS’S OMISSION II: PERFORATING VEINS
- THE RETURN OF THE VENOUS BLOOD
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VARICOSE VEINS
- VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- DIAGNOSIS OF VENOUS DISORDERS
- COMPRESSION THERAPY
- SCLEROTHERAPY
- SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS—THE DETRACTORS
- SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS—FORERUNNERS
- MODERN SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS
- SAPHENOUS STRIPPING
- BEYOND STRIPPING
- ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES
- PERFORATING VEIN SURGERY
- SURGERY OF THE DEEP VEINS
- THROMBECTOMY
- SURGERY OF VALVES
- VENOUS ULCERS—WHY TO TREAT THEM
- ULCER THERAPY
- ADDENDA: THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PHLEBOLOGY (IUP)
Chapter 2: Venous Embryology and Anatomy
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- EMBRYOLOGY
- HISTOLOGY
- ANATOMY OF THE THORACIC VEINS
- ANATOMY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY VEINS
- ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VEINS
- ANATOMY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY VEINS
Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Chronic Peripheral Venous Disease
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- AGE AND CVPD
- GENDER AND CPVD
- ETHNICITY AND CPVD
- CONCORDANCE OF VISIBLE AND FUNCTIONAL DISEASE
- CONCORDANCE OF CPVD WITH EDEMA, SVT, AND DVT
- RISK FACTORS FOR CPVD
- SYMPTOMS AND CPVD
- SYMPTOMS BY VISIBLE AND FUNCTIONAL DISEASE
- SYMPTOM SPECIFICITY AND CPVD
- QOL AND CPVD
- SF-36 AND CPVD
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 4: Venous Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology
- Publisher Summary
- ANATOMY
- VENOUS PHYSIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 5: Role of Physiologic Testing in Venous Disorders
- Publisher Summary
- BACKGROUND
- PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
- CONTINUOUS-WAVE VENOUS DOPPLER (CW DOPPLER)
- ASSESSMENT OF THE DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL VENOUS SYSTEMS USING DUPLEX ULTRASOUND
Chapter 6: Inappropriate Leukocyte Activation in Venous Disease
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- MECHANISMS OF ULCERATION
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 7: Molecular Basis of Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- TISSUE RESTRUCTURING
- EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATION
- TISSUE REMODELING AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
- LEUKOCYTE ENTRAPMENT AND MOLECULAR ADHESION MECHANISMS
- CYTOKINES
- GROWTH FACTORS
- TRIGGER MECHANISMS FOR CELL ACTIVATION
- ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE AND MECHANOTRANSDUCTION MECHANISMS
- PROTEASE ACTIVATION
- GENETIC MECHANISMS
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgment
Chapter 8: Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Molecular Abnormalities and Ulcer Formation
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- VARICOSE VEINS
- ADVANCED CVI: LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS And VENOUS ULCERS
Chapter 9: Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- VARICOSE VEIN FORMATION (MACROSPCOPIC ALTERATIONS)
- HISTORICAL THEORIES
- LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION
- ROLE OF LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN CVI
- THE VENOUS MICROCIRCULATION
- ENDOTHELIAL CELL CHARACTERISTICS
- TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEUKOCYTES
- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ALTERATIONS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STASIS DERMATITIS AND DERMAL FIBROSIS
- CYTOKINE REGULATION AND TISSUE FIBROSIS
- DERMAL FIBROBLAST FUNCTION
- ROLE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN CVI
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 10: Mechanism and Effects of Compression Therapy
- Publisher Summary
- INTERFACE PRESSURE
- STIFFNESS
- COMPRESSION MATERIAL
- PERFORMANCE OF COMPRESSION MATERIALS
- PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION THERAPY
- CLINICAL EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION THERAPY
Chapter 11: Classifying Venous Disease
- Publisher Summary
- PREVIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF CVD
- THE CREATION OF THE CEAP CLASSIFICATION
- REVISION OF CEAP
- TERMINOLOGY AND NEW DEFINITIONS
- REFINEMENT OF C-CLASSES IN CEAP
- REFINEMENT OF E, A, AND P IN CEAP
- DATE OF CLASSIFICATION
- LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION
- BASIC CEAP
- REVISION OF CEAP: SUMMARY
- REVISION OF CEAP—AN ONGOING PROCESS
- Acknowledgment
Chapter 12: Risk Factors, Manifestations, and Clinical Examination of the Patient with Primary Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- HEREDITY
- PREGNANCY
- AGING
- THEORETICAL RISK FACTORS
- VALVE REMODELING
- SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- CLINICAL TESTING
- Acknowledgment
Chapter 13: Sclerosing Solutions
- Publisher Summary
- GOALS OF SCLEROTHERAPY
- RECANALIZATION OF THROMBOSED VESSELS
- VOLUME DILUTION AND PATIENT POSITIONING
- DILUTION BY DIFFUSION FROM INJECTION SITE
- EFFECT OF POSITION ON VARICOSE GEOMETRY
- TYPES OF SCLEROSANTS
- THE PERFECT SCLEROSANT
- DETERGENTS
- HYPERTONIC AND IONIC SOLUTIONS
- CELLULAR TOXINS
- SUMMARY
Chapter 14: Sclerotherapy Treatment of Telangiectasias
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- TELANGIECTASIA FROM RETICULAR VEINS
- ISOLATED ARBORIZING WEBS
- PRETREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS
- FIRST TREATMENT TEST
- TREATMENT PLAN
- TECHNIQUE
- EQUIPMENT
- PATIENT PREPARATION
- HAND POSITION
- CANNULATION OF THE VESSEL
- INJECTION OF SCLEROSANTS
- COMPRESSION
- TREATMENT INTERVALS
- POOR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
- SUMMARY
Chapter 15: Complications and Adverse Sequelae of Sclerotherapy
- Publisher Summary
- POSTSCLEROTHERAPY HYPERPIGMENTATION
- TELANGIECTATIC MATTING
- CUTANEOUS NECROSIS
- SYSTEMIC ALLERGIC REACTION OR TOXICITY
Chapter 16: Laser Treatment of Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
- PATIENT SELECTION: WHEN AND HOW TO CHOOSE LASER/IPL VERSUS SCLEROTHERAPY
- FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER TREATMENT OF LEG VEINS
- TREATMENT APPROACH
- LASER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
- PULSED LASERS AND LIGHT SOURCES
- INTENSE PULSED LIGHT
- COMBINED LASER/RADIOFREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES
- ADMINISTERING LASER THERAPY
- THE BENEFITS OF LASER THERAPY
- ROLE OF COOLING AND OTHER ADVANCES IN LASER TECHNOLOGY
- ADDRESSING THE COMMON PITFALLS IN LASER THERAPY
- THE FUTURE OF LASER THERAPY
Chapter 17: Overview: Treatment of Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- PRIMARY VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
- SURGICAL TREATMENT
- NEOVASCULARIZATION
- NONSURGICAL TREATMENT
- CHEMICAL VENOUS CLOSURE
Chapter 18: Ultrasound Examination of the Patient with Primary Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- EQUIPMENT
- EXAMINATION
- ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
- REFLUX
- THE SAPHENO-FEMORAL JUNCTION
- THE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
- THE SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN
- PERFORATING VEINS
- ULTRASOUND MAPPING OF VENOUS ULCERS
- DEEP VEINS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 19: Conventional Sclerotherapy versus Surgery for Varicose Veins
- Publisher Summary
Chapter 20: Sclerotherapy and Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy
- Publisher Summary
- SCLEROTHERAPY
- HISTORY OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED SCLEROTHERAPY (UGS)
- PRETREATMENT ULTRASOUND MAPPING
- TECHNIQUES OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED SCLEROTHERAPY (UGS)
Chapter 21: Sclerofoam for Treatment of Varicose Veins
- Publisher Summary
- HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
- WHAT IS SCLEROFOAM?
- INJECTING SCLEROFOAM
- VARICOSE PATTERNS WHEN CONSIDERING A SCLEROSING FOAM TREATMENT
- ADVANTAGES OF SCLEROFOAM
- HOW MUCH TO INJECT?
- SIDE EFFECTS OF SCLEROFOAM
- SCLEROFOAM WITH AND WITHOUT U.S. GUIDANCE
- SCLEROFOAM FOR TRUNCAL VARICOSITIES
- SCLEROFOAM FOR TRIBUTARIES
- SCLEROFOAM FOR PERFORATORS
- SCLEROFOAM FOR C4-C6 PATIENTS
- SCLEROFOAM FOR RECURRENCES
- SCLEROFOAM FOR RETICULAR AND SPIDER VEINS
- SCLEROFOAM EXCEPT FOR THE LOWER LIMBS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS OF SCLEROFOAM
- PREREQUISITES FOR CARRYING OUT FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 22: Sclerosants in Microfoam: A New Approach in Angiology
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- MECHANISM OF ACTION
- SAPHENOUS VEIN TREATMENT
- HEMODYNAMIC FACTORS
- FOLLOW-UP CARE
- POST-TREATMENT EVOLUTION-PROXIMAL SCLEROSIS
- INTRAVASCULAR EFFECT OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL COMPRESSION
- SELECTIVE COMPRESSION
- SAFETY MEASURES IN MICROFOAM SCLEROTHERAPY
- LONG-TERM EVOLUTION—STABILITY OF OUTCOMES
Chapter 23: Ultrasound-Guided Catheter and Foam Therapy for Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- PRETREATMENT ASSESSMENT
- EQUIPMENT
- VENOUS REFLUX EXAMINATION AND VENOUS MAPPING
- ULTRASOUND MONITORING DURING EVLT AND VNUS CLOSURE© OF THE GSV AND SSV
- ULTRASOUND MONITORING DURING SCLEROFOAM ABLATION OF VARICOSE VEINS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 24: Principles of Treatment of Varicose Veins by Sclerotherapy and Surgery
- Publisher Summary
Chapter 25: Inversion Stripping of the Saphenous Vein
- Publisher Summary
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
- SAPHENOUS SURGERY
- OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
- EPILOGUE
Chapter 26: Neovascularization: An Adverse Response to Proper Groin Dissection
- Publisher Summary
- A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- NEOVASCULARIZATION: TODAY’S EVIDENCE
- RESEARCH ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SAPHENOFEMORAL RECURRENCE AND THE ROLE OF NEOVASCULARIZATION
- EFFORTS TO MITIGATE NEOVASCULARIZATION-RELATED RECURRENT REFLUX
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 27: Principles of Ambulatory Phlebectomy
- Publisher Summary
- INDICATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE MAPPING
- ANESTHESIA
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- POST-PROCEDURE ISSUES
- COMPLICATIONS
- STAGING OF SURGERY
- AVOIDING NONTARGET TISSUES
- TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS FROM NONSAPHENOUS ORIGINS
- AP VERSUS POWERED PHLEBECTOMY
- AP VERSUS COMPRESSION SCLEROTHERAPY
- AP FOR OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY
- OFFICE-BASED AP WITH TUMESCENT ANESTHESIA
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 28: Powered Phlebectomy in Surgery of Varicose Veins
- Publisher Summary
- PREMISE
- INSTRUMENTATION
- THE BEGINNING
- INITIAL CLINICAL TRIAL AND TECHNIQUE
- CLINICAL TRIAL AND TECHNIQUE DISCUSSION
- CLINICAL TRIAL TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
- SUMMARY OF INITIAL TRIAL
- EARLY RESULTS AND EXPERIENCE
- RESULTS
- LESSONS LEARNED: THE TRIVEX MASTERS MEETING
- TRIVEX II: NEW TECHNIQUE AND NEW TECHNOLOGY
- SUMMARY OF PRESENT TECHNIQUE
- DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY
Chapter 29: Endovenous Laser (EVL) for Saphenous Vein Ablation
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- MODE OF ACTION OF ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT
- PERFORMING ENDOVENOUS LASER
- SELECTION OF PATIENTS
- EFFECTIVENESS OF ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT
- COMPLICATIONS AND ADVERSE EVENTS
- ENDOVENOUS LASER COMBINED WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES
- CONCLUSION
- Acknowledgment
Chapter 30: Effects of Different Laser Wavelengths on Treatment of Varices
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- LASER BACKGROUND
- LASERS USED IN EVLA
- EVLA MODE OF ACTION
- EVLA PROCEDURE
- EVLA CLINICAL OUTCOMES BASED ON LASER WAVELENGTH
- 810 nm VS 980 nm: A RECENT REPORT
- ONGOING RESEARCH BY THE AUTHOR
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 31: VNUS Closure of the Saphenous Vein
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
- PROCEDURE
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
- ADDENDUM
Chapter 32: Treatment of Small Saphenous Vein Reflux
- Publisher Summary
- SURGICAL ANATOMY
- SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- SURGERY FOR SSV REFLUX
- ENDOVENOUS TREATMENT FOR SSV REFLUX
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 33: Classification and Treatment of Recurrent Varicose Veins
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
- DIAGNOSIS
- CLASSIFICATION
- TREATMENT
- GUIDELINES FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 34: Use of System-Specific Questionnaires and Determination of Quality of Life after Treatment of Varicose Veins
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- SYSTEM-SPECIFIC QUESTIONNAIRES
- PROBLEMS
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 35: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF COIL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OVARIAN REFLUX
Chapter 36: The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism in the Community: Implications for Prevention and Management
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- THE INCIDENCE OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- SURVIVAL AFTER DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
- VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM RECURRENCE
- COMPLICATIONS OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
- RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
- THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
Chapter 37: Fundamental Mechanisms in Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- INFLAMMATION AND VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- SELECTIN AND MICROPARTICLE BIOLOGY
- THROMBOSIS RESOLUTION AND VEIN WALL FIBROSIS
Chapter 38: Congenital and Acquired Hypercoagulable Syndromes
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- CONGENITAL VS. ACQUIRED HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES
- THE CONGENITAL HYPERCOAGULABLE DISORDERS
- ACQUIRED HYPERCOAGULABLE DISORDERS
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 39: New Ways to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism: The Factor Xa Inhibitor Fondaparinux and the Thrombin Inhibitor Ximelagatran
- Publisher Summary
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- FONDAPARINUX
- XIMELAGATRAN/MELAGATRAN
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
Chapter 40: Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- BACKGROUND
- DUPLEX ULTRASONOGRAPHY
- D-DIMER
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE VENOGRAPHY
- COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHIC VENOGRAPHY
- SUMMARY
Chapter 41: Thrombotic Risk Assessment: A Hybrid Approach
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- POOR ADHERENCE TO PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES
- SUBOPTIMAL PROPHYLAXIS IN ACTION
- UNDERUSE OF PROPHYLAXIS—WHY IS THERE A PROBLEM?
- MATCHING RISK WITH PROPHYLACTIC STRATEGY
- LINKING THERAPY AND RISK
- SUMMARY
Chapter 42: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in the General Surgical Patient
- Publisher Summary
- ABSTRACT
- INTRODUCTION
- RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
- VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM PROPHYLAXIS
- RISK STRATIFICATION
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 43: Conventional Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN THERAPY
- COMPLICATIONS OF HEPARIN THERAPY
- LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMWH) FOR THE INITIAL TREATMENT OF VTE
- ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY: WARFARINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS)
- PHARMACOLOGY
- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS
Chapter 44: The Diagnosis and Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- LABORATORY TESTING FOR HIT ANTIBODIES
- TREATMENT
- ALTERNATIVE NONHEPARIN ANTICOAGULANTS
Chapter 45: Operative Venous Thrombectomy
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- RESULTS OF OPERATIVE VENOUS THROMBECTOMY
- TECHNIQUE
- DISCUSSION
Chapter 46: Permanent Vena Cava Filters: Indications, Filter Types, and Results
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF CAVAL INTERRUPTION
- THE IDEAL CAVAL FILTER
- INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CAVAL FILTER INSERTION
- PROPHYLACTIC CAVAL FILTER INSERTION IN TRAUMA PATIENTS
- PROPHYLACTIC CAVAL INSERTION IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANCY
- CAVAL FILTER INSERTION IN SEPTIC PATIENTS
- CAVAL FILTER INSERTION DURING PREGNANCY
- THE RESULTS OF IVC FILTER TRIALS
- TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR IVC FILTER INSERTION
- OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES FOR IVC FILTER INSERTION
- USE OF SUBCLAVIAN VEIN FOR INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER INSERTION
- SUPRARENAL IVC FILTER PLACEMENT
- SUPERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER INSERTION
- FILTER PLACEMENT IN OVERSIZED IVCS
- AVAILABLE CAVAL FILTER DEVICES
- COMPARISON OF VARIOUS PERMANENT IVC FILTER DEVICES
- FOLLOW-UP AFTER IVC FILTERS
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 47: Complications of Vena Cava Filters
- Publisher Summary
- BACKGROUND
- THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS
- INSERTION SITE COMPLICATIONS
- DEPLOYMENT COMPLICATIONS
- DEVICE COMPLICATIONS
- MIGRATION
- EXTRUSION
- RETRIEVAL COMPLICATIONS
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 48: Temporary Filters and Prophylactic Indications
- Publisher Summary
- THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE USE OF TEMPORARY OR RETRIEVABLE VCFs
- CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TEMPORARY OR RETRIEVABLE VENA CAVA FILTERS
- PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT RETRIEVABLE VENA CAVA FILTERS
- PROPHYLACTIC INDICATIONS: CRITICAL APPRAISAL
- CHANGES IN REFERRAL PATTERNS AND SPECIALIST PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE
- LACK OF ADEQUATE EVIDENCE ON WHICH TO BASE DECISIONS REGARDING VCF USE
- ISSUES WITH INDIVIDUAL PROPHYLACTIC INDICATIONS
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 49: Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- UNDERSTANDING POSTTHROMBOTIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
- BENEFITS OF THROMBUS REMOVAL
- INTRATHROMBUS CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
- PATIENT EVALUATION AND TECHNIQUE OF CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
- ADJUNCTIVE TECHNIQUES TO CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
Chapter 50: Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- TECHNIQUE
- DEVICES
- HELIX Clot Buster
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 51: Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
- COMPLICATIONS AND POST-THROMBOTIC SYNDROME
- SURGICAL THROMBECTOMY
- THROMBOLYSIS
- PERCUTANEOUS MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY (PMT)
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 52: Diagnosis and Management of Primary Axillo-Subclavian Venous Thrombosis
- Publisher Summary
- BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
- THE ANATOMY OF THE THORACIC OUTLET
- PRESENTATION
- DIAGNOSIS
- VENOGRAPHY
- TREATMENT
- TREATMENT FOLLOWING THROMBOLYSIS
- TIMING OF OPERATIVE THERAPY
- OPERATION
- INTERMITTENT COMPRESSION OF THE AXILLO-SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
- THE ISSUE OF THE CONTRALATERAL VEIN
- RESULTS OF TREATMENT
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 53: Subclavian Vein Obstruction: Techniques for Repair and Bypass
- Publisher Summary
- ETIOLOGY
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
Chapter 54: The Primary Cause of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- BACKGROUND
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
- COHORT STUDIES
- MANAGEMENT OF C4–C6 PATIENTS
- INDICATIONS
- GUIDELINES FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 55: Conventional Surgery for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- PRESENTATION OF PATIENTS WITH CVI
- DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR PATIENTS WITH CVI
- INDICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION
- CONVENTIONAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR CORRECTION OF CVI
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 56: Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS) for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- RESULTS OF SEPS
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 57: Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy (USGS) of Perforating Veins in Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Publisher Summary
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
- CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- PREOPERATIVE DUPLEX
- TECHNIQUE
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
- RESULTS
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 58: Perforating Veins
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- PREULCERATIVE CUTANEOUS CHANGES
- A NEW HYPOTHESIS
- EXIT AND REENTRY PERFORATING VEINS
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 59: Importance, Etiology, and Diagnosis of Chronic Proximal Venous Outflow Obstruction
- Publisher Summary
- CHRONIC THROMBOTIC OBSTRUCTION
- NONTHROMBOTIC, NONMALIGNANT, PRIMARY OBSTRUCTION
- INTRALUMINAL LESIONS
- ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- MISCELLANEOUS ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS OF VENOUS OBSTRUCTION
- ROLE OF TRANSFEMORAL VENOGRAM
- ROLE OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IVUS)
- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 60: Treatment of Iliac Venous Obstruction in Chronic Venous Disease
- Publisher Summary
- OPEN SURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION
- THE CROSS-OVER BYPASS
- THE IN-LINE BYPASS
- STENTING OF THE ILIO-FEMORAL VEIN
- STENT PATENCY OF MIXED-ETIOLOGY GROUPS
- STENTING OF CHRONIC NONMALIGNANT OBSTRUCTION
- CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER STENTING
- ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUE
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 61: Endovenous Management of Iliocaval Occlusion
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- EVOLUTION OF ENDOVENOUS THERAPY
- ANGIOPLASTY
- METALLIC STENTS
- THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
- MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
- CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ILIOCAVAL OBSTRUCTION
- THE ENDOVENOUS PROCEDURE FOR ILIOCAVAL RECONSTRUCTION
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 62: Popliteal Vein Entrapment
- Publisher Summary
- INCIDENCE
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- INVESTIGATIONS
- PATHOLOGY
- SURGICAL TREATMENT
- CLINICAL RESULTS
Chapter 63: Valvuloplasty in Primary Venous Insufficiency: Development, Performance, and Long-Term Results
- Publisher Summary
- THE FIRST VALVE REPAIR
- BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE OF NONTHROMBOTIC REFLUX DEEP VEIN DISEASE
- TREATMENT OF DEEP VEIN REFLUX PRIOR TO 1968
- EARLY INFLUENCE OF VALVULOPLASTY UPON THE STUDY OF VENOUS DISEASE
- PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OF FEMORAL-POPLITEAL VALVES
- DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY INCOMPETENT VALVES
- SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ARISING FROM DEEP VEIN REFLUX PATTERNS
- CLINICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EXPERIENCE OF DEEP VEIN VALVE REPAIR
- INFLUENCE EXERTED BY THESE MULTIPLE REPORTS
- INFLUENCE OF DEEP REPAIR ON MANAGEMENT OF CVD
- SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN REPAIR OF PRIMARY DEEP VEIN REFLUX DISEASE
- PERSPECTIVE ON THE VALUE OF SURGICAL REPAIR IN DEEP VEIN VALVES
- COMPLICATIONS OF DEEP VENOUS VALVE REPAIR
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 64: Prosthetic Venous Valves
- Publisher Summary
- INTRODUCTION
- DATA
- CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 65: Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: Clinical Features, Pathology, and Treatment
- Publisher Summary
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- PATHOLOGY
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
Index

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John J. Bergan

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