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The Spinal Cord
A Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Text and Atlas
- 1st Edition - November 12, 2008
- Editors: Charles Watson, George Paxinos, Gulgun Kayalioglu
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 2 8 1 7 1 - 3
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 4 2 4 7 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 2 1 3 8 - 9
Many hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMany hundreds of thousands suffer spinal cord injuries leading to loss of sensation and motor function in the body below the point of injury. Spinal cord research has made some significant strides towards new treatment methods, and is a focus of many laboratories worldwide. In addition, research on the involvement of the spinal cord in pain and the abilities of nervous tissue in the spine to regenerate has increasingly been on the forefront of biomedical research in the past years. The Spinal Cord, a collaboration with the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, is the first comprehensive book on the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord. Tens of thousands of articles and dozens of books are published on this subject each year, and a great deal of experimental work has been carried out on the rat spinal cord. Despite this, there is no comprehensive and authoritative atlas of the mammalian spinal cord. Almost all of the fine details of spinal cord anatomy must be searched for in journal articles on particular subjects. This book addresses this need by providing both a comprehensive reference on the mammalian spinal cord and a comparative atlas of both rat and mouse spinal cords in one convenient source. The book provides a descriptive survey of the details of mammalian spinal cord anatomy, focusing on the rat with many illustrations from the leading experts in the field and atlases of the rat and the mouse spinal cord. The rat and mouse spinal cord atlas chapters include photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of the spinal cord segments (obtained from a single unfixed spinal cord), detailed diagrams of each of the spinal cord segments pictured, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level and photographs of additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN).
- The text provides a detailed account of the anatomy of the mammalian spinal cord and surrounding musculoskeletal elements
- The major topics addressed are: development of the spinal cord; the gross anatomy of the spinal cord and its meninges; spinal nerves, nerve roots, and dorsal root ganglia; the vertebral column, vertebral joints, and vertebral muscles; blood supply of the spinal cord; cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture of the spinal gray matter; musculotopic anatomy of motoneuron groups; tracts connecting the brain and spinal cord; spinospinal pathways; sympathetic and parasympathetic elements in the spinal cord; neuronal groups and pathways that control micturition; the anatomy of spinal cord injury in experimental animals
- The atlas of the rat and mouse spinal cord has the following features: Photographs of Nissl stained transverse sections from each of 34 spinal segments for the rat and mouse; Detailed diagrams of each of the 34 spinal segments for rat and mouse, delineating the laminae of Rexed and all other significant neuronal groupings at each level. ; Alongside each of the 34 Nissl stained segments, there are additional sections displaying markers such as acetylcholinesterase, calbindin, calretinin, choline acetlytransferase, neurofilament protein (SMI 32), and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN)
- All the major motoneuron clusters are identified in relation to the individual muscles or muscle groups they supply
Spinal cord researchers including anatomists, physiologists, neuropharmacologists, and clinicians
Chapter 1The organization of the spinal cordCharles Watson and Gulgun KayaliogluThe gross anatomy of the spinal cordSpinal cord segments Spinal nervesSpinal cord gray and white matter. Lateral cervical nucleusLateral spinal nucleusOnuf’s nucleus Central canalSpinal cord meningesVasculature of the spinal cordChapter 2Development of the spinal cordKen WS AshwellFrom neural plate to neural tube Neural crest developmentAlar and basal plates and their derivatives Segmentation of the developing spinal cordMotoneuron development and cell deathDevelopment of spinal cord afferents and dorsal horn interneuronsDevelopment of glia in the spinal cord Development of major ascending and descending tractsMyelination of spinal cord pathwaysRelative growth of the spinal cord and vertebral column Chapter 3The vertebral column and the spinal meningesGulgun KayaliogluThe vertebral columnGeneral features of the vertebrae in mammalsInterspecific variation in vertebral number The rodent vertebral column Cervical vertebrae in humansThoracic vertebrae in humansLumbar vertebrae in humans.The sacrum in humans The coccyx in humans Curvatures of the spineJoints of the vertebraeJoints between vertebral bodiesJoints between vertebral archesThe craniovertebral jointsLumbosacral joints Sacrococcygeal joint Intercoccygeal joints Sacro-iliac joints The intrinsic muscles of the vertebral columnThe spinal meninges Intermediate leptomeningeal layer Chapter 4The spinal nervesGulgun KayaliogluThe anatomy of the dorsal and ventral roots and spinal nervesDorsal root (spinal) ganglia Spinal nervesDermatomes Chapter 5The spinal cord blood vesselsOscar U ScreminBlood flow and spinal cord functionCapillary networksSpinal cord blood flow imaging Arterial anatomy Venous anatomySpinal cord lymphatic drainage Experimental spinal cord ischemiaBlood flow in spinal cord trauma Chapter 6Cytoarchitecture of the spinal cordClaire Heise and Gulgun KayaliogluThe laminae of Rexed Lamina 1Lamina 2 Lamina 3Lamina 4 The dorsal nucleusLamina 5Lamina 6 Lamina 7 Lamina 8 Lamina 9 Lamina 10 Chapter 7Localization of motoneurons in the spinal cordSteve McHanwell and Charles WatsonIntroduction – motoneuron types Cellular organization of neurons within the ventral and intermediate horns Experimental approaches to motoneuron localization Topography of motoneuron pools in the upper cervical spinal cord Topography of forelimb motoneuron pools in the cervical enlargement Topography of motoneuron pools in the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord Topography of hindlimb motoneuron pools in the lumbosacral spinal cordMuscles of the perineumDeep muscles of the back and tail Chapter 8Spinal autonomic preganglionic neurons: the visceral efferent system of the spinal cordColin R Anderson, Janet R Keast, and Elspeth M McLachlanVisceral efferent pathways Spatial distribution of preganglionic neurons Morphology of preganglionic neurons and arrangement of their dendrites Sympathetic preganglionic neurons Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons Chemistry of preganglionic neuronsChemistry of synaptic inputs to preganglionic neuronsRegulation of pelvic organ function Chapter 9Central nervous system control of micturitionGert Holstege and Han CollewijnAfferent fibers from bladder to sacral spinal cordSensory endings in the bladder wallSensory endings in the urethraSacral cord Bladder C-fibersBladder A-delta fibersAscending projectionsMotor innervation of bladder and bladder sphincter Somatomotor innervation of the external bladder sphincter Sacral micturition reflexesPeriaqueductal grayPontine micturition center (PMC) Continence center or L-region Other brainstem-spinal pathways possibly involved in bladderand sphincter motoneuronal control Forebrain micturition control Chapter 10Projections from the spinal cord to the brainGulgun KayaliogluAscending spinal projections in the ventrolateral funiculus Other ascending projections in the ventrolateral funiculusProjections from the spinal cord to the cerebellumThe dorsal spinocerebellar tract Dorsal column ascending pathwaysChapter 11Projections from the brain to the spinal cordCharles Watson and Alan R HarveyThe corticospinal tract Hypothalamic and diencephalic projections to the spinal cordThe rubrospinal tractThe tectospinal tractCerebellospinal projectionsThe reticulospinal tracts Descending trigeminal and dorsal column nuclei projections The vestibulospinal tracts Raphespinal and coeruleospinal tractsThe solitariospinal tract Projection from the retroambiguus nucleus to the spinal cord Chapter 12The propriospinal systemAmanda C Conta and Dennis J StelznerThe propriospinal system: definition and overall function Subgroups of propriospinal networks Propriospinal networks and neurotransmittersLocomotor propriospinal system across speciesPropriospinal projections and experimental spinal cord injury Chapter 13Spinal cord transmitter substancesClaire Heise and Gulgun KayaliogluCholinergic neurons Substance P Noradrenergic projections to the spinal cordSerotoninergic projections from the rapheDopaminergic projections to the spinal cord Chapter 14Spinal cord injury: experimental animal models and relation to human therapy.Stuart I Hodgetts, Giles W Plant, and Alan R HarveyGeneral pathophysiology of SCITypes of spinal cord injuryImmune and inflammatory responses following SCIMethods to induce spinal cord injuryAssessing functional recovery in animal models of SCIAssessing human functional recoveryDifferences between animal models and humans and functional recovery after SCIStrategies to treat SCI Clinical trialsChapter 15Atlas of the rat spinal cordCharles Watson, George Paxinos. Gulgun Kayalioglu, and Claire HeiseIntroductionMethodsCresyl violet staining and AChE histochemistryImmunohistochemical processing MountingPhotography and diagrams Nomenclature and abbreviations Basis of delineation of structures Naming of spinal cord segments Identification of regions and segments of the spinal cord in the rat and mouseList of structuresRat spinal cord figures and platesChapter 16Atlas of the mouse spinal cordCharles Watson, George Paxinos. Gulgun Kayalioglu, and Claire HeiseIntroductionMethodsMouse spinal cord sections provided by the Allen Institute for Brain SciencePhotography and diagramsBasis of delineation of structuresList of structuresMouse spinal cord figures and platesChapter 17Toward a spinal cord ontologyCharles Watson and Amandeep SidhuWhat is an ontology?Regional subdivisions in the spinal cordA new regional classification based on development An ontological outline of spinal cord nomenclature Six levels in the spinal cord ontology Subdividing the limb enlargements into rostral and caudal groupsDetailed similarities between the arrangement of motoneuron groups in the brachial and lumbar enlargementsSimilarities between the segments that immediately precede the upper and lower limb enlargements Does this spinal cord ontology have any practical application?
- No. of pages: 408
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 12, 2008
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323281713
- Hardback ISBN: 9780123742476
- eBook ISBN: 9780080921389
CW
Charles Watson
Charles Watson is a neuroscientist and public health physician. His qualifications included a medical degree (MBBS) and two research doctorates (MD and DSc). He is Professor Emeritus at Curtin University, and holds adjunct professorial research positions at the University of New South Wales, the University of Queensland, and the University of Western Australia.
He has published over 100 refereed journal articles and 40 book chapters, and has co-authored over 25 books on brain and spinal cord anatomy. The Paxinos Watson rat brain atlas has been cited over 80,000 times. His current research is focused on the comparative anatomy of the hippocampus and the claustrum.
He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Sydney in 2012 and received the Distinguished Achievement Award of the Australasian Society for Neuroscience in 2018.
Affiliations and expertise
John Curtin Distinguished Professor of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia and Neuroscience Research Australia, NSW Sydney, AustraliaGP
George Paxinos
Professor Paxinos is the author of almost 50 books on the structure of the brain of humans and experimental animals, including The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, now in its 7th Edition, which is ranked by Thomson ISI as one of the 50 most cited items in the Web of Science. Dr. Paxinos paved the way for future neuroscience research by being the first to produce a three-dimensional (stereotaxic) framework for placement of electrodes and injections in the brain of experimental animals, which is now used as an international standard. He was a member of the first International Consortium for Brain Mapping, a UCLA based consortium that received the top ranking and was funded by the NIMH led Human Brain Project. Dr. Paxinos has been honored with more than nine distinguished awards throughout his years of research, including: The Warner Brown Memorial Prize (University of California at Berkeley, 1968), The Walter Burfitt Prize (1992), The Award for Excellence in Publishing in Medical Science (Assoc Amer Publishers, 1999), The Ramaciotti Medal for Excellence in Biomedical Research (2001), The Alexander von Humbolt Foundation Prize (Germany 2004), and more
Affiliations and expertise
NHMRC Senior Principal, NeuRAGK
Gulgun Kayalioglu
Affiliations and expertise
Ege University, Izmir, Turkey