The Receptors

Volume II

1st Edition - August 27, 1985
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: P. Michael Conn
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 3 7 5 5 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 6 8 - 6

The Receptors, Volume II deals with receptors for somatostatin, vitamin D, insulin, and animal viruses, as well as for the ?2-adrenergic and Ah systems. The significance of… Read more

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The Receptors, Volume II deals with receptors for somatostatin, vitamin D, insulin, and animal viruses, as well as for the ?2-adrenergic and Ah systems. The significance of translational modifications of receptor ligands is discussed, along with the mechanisms of receptor-ligand interactions. The role of receptors in development and their regulation by tumors are also considered. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with a detailed account of the vitamin D receptor, paying particular attention to its biochemical and physical properties as well as its mechanism of action. The discussion then turns to experimental discrimination between alternative mechanistic models for the receptor-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase; the role of microaggregation in hormone-receptor-effector interactions; and the biology and biochemistry of the Ah receptor. Subsequent chapters explore the interactions of animal viruses with cell surface receptors; insulin receptors; determination of the size of neurotransmitter receptors by radiation inactivation-target size analysis; and protein glycosylation and receptor-ligand interactions. This book will be a valuable resource for students and practitioners in fields ranging from cell biology and biochemistry to physiology, endocrinology, and pharmacology.

Contributors

Preface

Contents of Previous Volume

Chapter 1 The Vitamin D Receptor

I. Introduction

II. Discovery of the Receptor Proteins for l,25-(OH)2D3

III. Biochemical and Physical Properties of the l,25-(OH)2D3 Receptor

IV. Mechanism of Action of the l,25-(OH)2D3 Receptor

V. Regulation of Receptor Number

VI. Purification of Chick Intestinal l,25-(OH)2D3 Receptor

VII. Antibodies to Chick Intestinal l,25-(OH)2D3 Receptor

VIII. Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 On Experimental Discrimination Between Alternative Mechanistic Models for the Receptor-Mediated Stimulation of Adenylate Cyclase

I. Introduction

II. General Assumptions, Definitions, and Nomenclature

III. Is the Receptor a Catalyst or a Reactant?

IV. What Are the Functional Relationships Between R, N, and C, and How Are They Affected by Agonist and Guanine Nucleotide?

V. Summary

References

Chapter 3 The Role of Microaggregation in Hormone-Receptor-Effector Interactions

I. Introduction

II. The GnRH Receptor

III. Evidence That Microaggregation Plays a Key Role in Other Antibody-Receptor-Effector Systems

IV. The Adenylate Cyclase System

V. Receptor-Effector Interactions Revisited

References

Chapter 4 The Ah Receptor: A Biochemical and Biologic Perspective

I. Introduction

II. Biochemical Characterization of the Ah Receptor

III. Biology of the Ah Receptor

IV. Mechanism(s) of Action: Cell Biology and Biochemical Approaches

V. Concluding Comments

References

Chapter 5 Interactions of Animal Viruses with Cell Surface Receptors

I. Introduction

II. Viral Attachment Proteins

III. Identification of Cell Surface Receptors

IV. Cell Surface Receptor Determinants of Animal Viruses

V. Role of Receptors in Viral Penetration

VI. Role of Viral Receptors in Host Range and Tissue Tropism

VII. Summary and Future Perspectives

References

Chapter 6 Studies on Insulin Receptors: Implications for Insulin Action

I. Introduction

II. Receptor Purification

III. Receptor Structure

IV. Glycoprotein Nature of the Insulin Receptor

V. Tyrosyl Phosphorylation

VI. Interrelations of the Insulin Receptor to Other Receptor Structures

VII. Receptor-Mediated Internalization and Degradation of Insulin

VIII. Down-Regulation

IX. Possible Involvement of Cytoskeletal Elements in Insulin Action

X. Receptor Valence

XI. Nonlinear Scatchard Plots

XII. Possible Role for Receptor Cross-Linking and for Non-Insulin-Binding Regulatory Glycoprotein

XIII. Transmembrane Signaling

References

Chapter 7 Size of Neurotransmitter Receptors as Determined by Radiation Inactivation-Target Size Analysis

I. Introduction

II. Radiation Inactivation-Target Size Analysis

III. Conclusions and Avenues for Further Study

References

Chapter 8 α2-Adrenergic Receptors: Apparent Interaction with Multiple Effector Systems

I. Historical Perspective and Introduction

II. Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors

III. Properties of α2-Adrenergic Receptors Linked to Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase

IV. Postulated Mechanisms by Which α2-Adrenergic Agents Inhibit Adenylate Cyclase Activity

V. Postulated Mechanisms by Which α2-Adrenergic Agents Elicit Physiological Effects

VI. Summary

References

Chapter 9 Protein Glycosylation and Receptor-Ligand Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Carbohydrates in Determining Specificity

III. General Features of Glycoproteins

IV. Structural Organization of the Glycoprotein Hormones

V. Biological Properties of the Glycoprotein Hormones

VI. Experimental Approaches to Studying the Role of Carbohydrate Units

VII. Role of Carbohydrate in the Recognition and Uptake of Glycoprotein by Cells

VIII. Glycoprotein Hormone-Receptor Interactions

IX. Role of Carbohydrate in Receptor Assembly and Function

X. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 10 Role of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Development and Puberty

I. Introduction

II. Glucocorticoid Receptors

III. Androgen Receptors

IV. Estrogen Receptors

V. Progesterone Receptors

VI. Gonadal Steroid Receptors and Brain Development

VII. Puberty

References

Chapter 11 Functions and Regulation of Cell Surface Receptors in Cultured Leydig Tumor Cells

I. Introduction

II. . Differentiated Function of MA-10 Cells

III. Interaction of hCG with MA-10 Cells

IV. Interaction of mEGF with MA-10 Cells

V. Mechanisms Involved in the Homologous and Heterologous Down-Regulation of hCG Receptors Are Different

VI. Regulation of Steroidogenic Responses by mEGF and hCG

VII. Regulation of Steroidogenic Responses by Cholesterol Availability: The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein

VIII. Summary

References

Chapter 12 Somatostatin Receptors in Endocrine Cells

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Somatostatin Binding in Endocrine Cells

III. Modulation of Somatostatin Binding by Hormones and Secretagogues

IV. Biological Significance of Somatostatin-Receptor Translocation

References

Index

P. Michael Conn

P. Michael Conn is the Senior Vice President for Research and Associate Provost, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center. He is The Robert C. Kimbrough, Professor of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology/Biochemistry. He was previously Director of Research Advocacy and Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cell Biology and Development and Obstetrics and Gynecology at Oregon Health and Science University and Senior Scientist of the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC). He served for twelve years as Special Assistant to the President and Associate Director of the ONPRC. After receiving a B.S. degree and teaching certification from the University of Michigan (1971), a M.S. from North Carolina State University (1973), and a Ph.D. degree from Baylor College of Medicine (1976), Conn did a fellowship at the NIH, then joined the faculty in the Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center where he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1982. In 1984, he became Professor and Head of Pharmacology at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, a position he held for eleven years. Conn is known for his research in the area of the cellular and molecular basis of action of gonadotropin releasing hormone action in the pituitary and therapeutic approaches that restore misfolded proteins to function. His work has led to drugs that have benefitted humans and animals. Most recently, he has identified a new class of drugs, pharmacoperones, which act by regulating the intracellular trafficking of receptors, enzymes and ion channels. He has authored or co-authored over 350 publications in this area and written or edited over 200 books, including texts in neurosciences, molecular biology and endocrinology. Conn has served as the editor of many professional journals and book series (Endocrinology, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine, Methods, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science and Contemporary Endocrinology). Conn served on the National Board of Medical Examiners, including two years as chairman of the reproduction and endocrinology committee. The work of his laboratory has been recognized with a MERIT award from the NIH, the J.J. Abel Award of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, the Weitzman, Oppenheimer and Ingbar Awards of the Endocrine Society, the National Science Medal of Mexico (the Miguel Aleman Prize) and the Stevenson Award of Canada. He is the recipient of the Oregon State Award for Discovery, the Media Award of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology and was named a distinguished Alumnus of Baylor College of Medicine in 2012. Conn is a previous member of Council for the American Society for Cell Biology and the Endocrine Society and is a prior President of the Endocrine Society, during which time he founded the Hormone Foundation and worked with political leadership to heighten the public’s awareness of diabetes. Conn’s students and fellows have gone on to become leaders in industry and academia. He is an elected member of the Mexican Institute of Medicine and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is the co-author of The Animal Research War (2008) and many articles for the public and academic community on the value of animal research and the dangers posed by animal extremism. His op/eds have appeared in The Washington Post, The LA Times, The Wall Street Journal, the Des Moines Register, and elsewhere. Conn consults with organizations that are influenced by animal extremism and with universities and companies facing challenges from these groups.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Vice President for Research and Associate Provost, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, TX, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health