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The Omega-Theory
A New Physics of Earthquakes
1st Edition - May 10, 2018
Author: Jure Žalohar
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 4 5 8 0 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 4 5 8 1 - 4
The Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, Second Edition offers a unifying, mathematical framework to describe and answer the most pressing and unexamined dilemmas of… Read more
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The Omega-Theory: A New Physics of Earthquakes, Second Edition offers a unifying, mathematical framework to describe and answer the most pressing and unexamined dilemmas of earthquake sequences. Those in the fields of seismology and geology are currently faced with a vast and complex mathematical structure, involving many new, natural laws and theorems. This book interprets this structure as a new physical theory and paradigm, helping users understand the tectonic and seismic processes within the Earth. As such, it is an essential resource for future researchers in the fields of structural geology, physics of the Earth, and seismology.
In the last decades, generations of seismologists, geophysicists, and geologists have accumulated enough knowledge and information to allow for the reformulation and solution of this essential problem. Hence, this book provides a great resource for researchers and professionals.
- Brings together twenty years of research in the field of geophysics and attacks the problem within the framework of the Cosserat continuum theory
- Heavily tested on tens of natural examples and numerical tests
- Includes 350 color figures and graphs
- Spans across many fields of theoretical physics and geology, such as plate tectonics, synchronization of chaotic systems, solitons and fractals, mathematical set theory, and quantum mechanics
Structural geologists, Seismologists, Researchers in the field of Plate tectonics, Chaotic synchronization, and Earthquake forecasting/prediction theory
Summary of the Omega-Theory
1. Introduction
Synchronizations of Seismic Chaos and Predictability of EarthquakesAcknowledgmentsReferences Further Reading
I COSSERAT CONTINUUM THEORY OF FAULTING
2. Cosserat Continuum
Notation Kinematics of the Cosserat Continuum The Method of Virtual Power Hyperelasticity J2 Plasticity Model References Further Reading
3. The Multiple-Slip Mechanism of Plastic Cosserat Deformation
Kinematics of Elastoplastic Cosserat Continuum References
4. Stress Along the Faults
Mohr Representation of Stress Fault Reactivation in the Cosserat Continuum: Amontons’s Law References
5. Wedge Faulting: The L2 Kinematics
Equation of the Wedge Faulting The effect of the stress asymmetry and the couple-stresses References Further Reading
6. Parallel Fault and Parallel Wedge Interactions: The Gamma-Scheme
Three Possible Types of Parallel Fault Interaction Parallel Wedge Interaction Stress Permutations and Parallel Wedge Interactions References
7. Båth’s Law and the Cosserat Extension of the Reid Rebound Model
Introduction Simple Models of Faults Derivation of Båth’s Law References
II INTRODUCTION TO THE OMEGA-THEORY
8. Omega-Sequences
Definition of the Omega-Sequences General Structure of the Omega-Sequences Constructing the Omega-Sequences Generalized Equations of the Omega-Sequences (GEOS) Numerical Tests Fibonacci Omega-SequencesDiscussion and Conclusions References
9. Omega-Cells: “Seismic Oscillators”
External Structure Internal Structure: Omega-Configurations Description of Numerical Tests Results Discussion References
10. Omori’s Law
Omori’s Law and the Omega-Sequences Derivation of Omori’s Law Can Earthquakes be Predicted? References
11. Felzer-Brodsky’s Law
Derivation of the Felzer-Brodsky Law Discussion References
12. Strain Waves and Conservation Laws
Two Bi-Magnitude Signals and the Omega-Cells The Kobayashi Equation Strain Waves: Velocities of the Seismic Migration Conservation Laws The Meaning of the Static Stress Drop Discussion: Dynamic Versus Kinematic Approaches References
13. Phase Transitions
Earth’s Crust as a Two-Phases Cosserat MaterialVelocity Transference Vikulin’s Scaling Equations: Type 1 Magnitude Shift Vikulin’s Conservation Law Scaling Laws for the Recurrence Time Type 2 Magnitude Shift Discussion and Conclusions References
14. Gutenberg-Richter’s Law
Derivation of Gutenberg-Richter’s Law Discussion References
15. What Causes Earthquakes?
The General Mechanism of Earthquakes (GME) Seismic Generalization of Amontons’s Law Why Is the B2-Magnitude Signal Not Seismic? A Link to the LEFM References
III SYSTEMS, PLATE TECTONICS, AND ORDER
16. Omega-Interactions
Clustering of Seismic Events Binding of Omega-Sequences Entanglement of Omega-Sequences Self-Similarity and the Multifractal Nature of Omega-Sequences Disturbances Transitions Discussion The Omega-Cycle What Is Entangled? References Further Reading
17. Critical Behavior: Large Earthquakes Can Be Predicted
Subcritical, Critical, and Supercritical Behavior Critical Behavior: The Kraljevo (2010) Case Study Predictability of the Large Earthquakes Predicting the Kraljevo (2010) Earthquake Discussion References Further Reading
18. Supercritical Behavior: Aftershock Sequences
The First and the Second-Order Omega-Sequences Discussion References
19. The B-Spectral Theorem and the Synchronized Earth
The B-Spectral Theorem The Synchronized EarthThe Full Form of the B-Spectral Theorem Reference
20. Quantum Numbers of Earthquakes: Seismic Back Action and Reverse Causality
The B-Spectral Theorem Ideal Omega-Sequences Generalization of the B-Spectral Theorem Extrapolation of the Omega-Sequences: The Echo Earthquakes The Seismic Echo: What Do Two Large Earthquakes Define? Seismic Back Action and Reverse Causality: The Nepal (2015) Case Study Omega-Limitation Law: The Final Development of the Omega-Sequences The Twinning Effect 2B-Spectrum and the Extended B-Spectrum Discussion References
21. Seismic Induction and the Theory of Plate Tectonics
The Problem: Introduction The Theory of Plate Tectonics and the Cosserat Continuum Why Should Tectonic Plates Interact Each With Other? Forces of Interaction Discussion and Conclusions References Further Reading
22. Earthquakes as Computation: Origin of Order
Test 1: Slovenia Region Test 2: Northern Italy Region Test 3: Brezˇice Earthquake 2015 Origin of Order Origin of Synchronizations Conclusions: Earthquakes as Computation
IV SEISMIC CHAOS SYNCHRONIZATIONS
23. T-Synchronizations: Predicting Future Seismic States of the Earth
The Synchronization Equation The Omega-Interactions: Binding, Entanglement, and Synchronization Function Predicting the Future Seismic States of the Earth The Nepal (2015) Experiment References
24. M-Synchronizations: The B-Megasignal and Large Earthquakes
The Magnitude-Synchronization Function B-Megasignal: The Papua New Guinea Case Study The Southern California Case Study References
25. S-Synchronizations: The Reciprocity Theorem and the Failure Localization Law
Phenomenological Observations The Reciprocity Theorem The B-Spectral Theorem and the MARS Structure Seismic Activity of the MARS The Failure Localization Law Verifying the Failure Localization Law Confirmation of the Third Conservation Law References
26. Maximum Effectiveness of Predictions: - 1 Rule
Case Study: Northern Italy Region Conclusions
27. Open Systems
Mathematical Formalism Test 1: Central Italy Test 2: Slovenia-Northern Croatia Conclusions References
28. Further Observations on S-Synchronizations
Visualizing Spatial Interactions Between the Earthquakes Test 1: Distribution of Nonsynchronized Earthquakes Test 2: Distribution of Synchronized Earthquakes Test 3: Region of Slovenia Test 4: Analysis of the Žužemberk Region Conclusions References
V STRAIN WAVES, PLATE TECTONICS, AND THE LOOP THEOREM
29. Description of Seismic States
Superimposed and Product Seismic States T-Synchronizations M-Synchronizations Seismic Computing Testing the LE-Rule Conclusions References
30. Epicenter Prediction: Turbal’s Principle
Strain Waves for the Individual Omega-Sequences The Mechanism of Epicenters: Turbal’s Principle Global Predictions of Large Earthquakes Analysis of the Global Strain Waves Conclusions References
31. Structure of the Aftershock Sequences
IntroductionStrain Waves as the Cause of the Round-the-World Seismic Echo Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, 26/12/2004 Tohoku Earthquake, 11/03/2011Relationship Between the Foreshocks and Aftershocks Conclusions References
32. Synchronizations and Fault Reactivations
Introduction Ravne Fault, Slovenia North Anatolian Fault Conclusions References
33. Predictability of Volcanic Eruptions
1980 Mount St. Helens Eruption 2004 Mount St. Helens Eruption 2011 Mount St. Helens Increased Seismic Activity Conclusions References
34. Strain Waves at the Tectonic Plates Boundaries
The California Region The Japan Region Mid-Atlantic Ridge System Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden Conclusions References
35. Origin of Plate Tectonics: The Loop Theorem
Introduction to the Loop Theorem Fault Patterns and Earthquake Interaction Patterns The Loop Theorem Tilings and Tiles Properties of the Penrose Tiling Earthquake Interaction Patterns Penrose Clockwork: Toward the Plate Tectonic Theory Origin of the Global Strain Waves Discussion and Conclusions: Origin of the Plate Tectonics References
- No. of pages: 570
- Language: English
- Published: May 10, 2018
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128145807
- eBook ISBN: 9780128145814
JŽ
Jure Žalohar
Dr. Zalohar is a physicist and geologist working as an independent researcher, giving scientific and philosophical lectures at various institutions. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Ljubljana in 2008. Dr. Zalohar’s main research fields are physics of faults and earthquakes, stratigraphy, and palaeontology. Among his most important achievements are a series of articles on the Cosserat mechanics of faulting for the Journal of Structural Geology and the development of the T-TECTO software for fault-slip data and earthquakes analysis, which is now recognized and used by structural geologists around the world. During numerous field trips observing tectonic structures in the Alps he and his colleagues made important paleontological discoveries, including identifying the oldest and only-known fossils of seahorses, pipehorses and pygmy pipehorses, new fossil sites with complete skeletons of Triassic reptilians, and fish and other biota from the Tethys ocean. His most important contribution to science is a discovery of a new physical theory of earthquakes that brings a redefinition and solution of the earthquake prediction problem.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Physicist and Geologist, Researcher, Quantectum AG