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The Neurobiology of the Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics: Part B

1st Edition - September 1, 2022

Editors: Marc E. Lavoie, Andrea E. Cavanna

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 3 6 - 1

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 0 3 7 - 8

The Neurobiology of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics, Part B, Volume Four reviews historical background, current nosology and guidelines. In addition, it… Read more

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The Neurobiology of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tics, Part B, Volume Four reviews historical background, current nosology and guidelines. In addition, it includes an overview of pathophysiology, ranging from its genetic basis and changes in neurochemistry and electrophysiology to widespread neural circuits. Specific chapters cover The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, Genome-wide association study of Tourette Syndrome, De Novo mutations in Tourette Syndrome, Animal models for Tourette Syndrome, The neural-immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome: from immunobiology to epistemology, Functional connectivity in the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, and much more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface: Current and cutting-edge research on the neurobiology of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Section IV: New etiological models: from fundamental neurobiology to applied science
Chapter One: The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Early studies
3: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
4: Rare variation in TS
5: Pathway analysis
6: Epigenetic studies
7: Cross-disorder analysis
8: Conclusions and questions for further research
References
Chapter Two: Studying the pathophysiology of tic disorders in animal models
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The study of pathophysiology in animal model systems
3: Models of cortico-striatal hyperactivity
4: Models of elevated dopamine in the basal ganglia
5: Local striatal disinhibition
6: Interneuron manipulations
7: Genetic models
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter Three: The neural-immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome: From immunobiology to epistemology
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Immunogenetics of TS
3: Extra-genetic and environmental predisposing factors
4: Immunophenotypes
5: Comorbidities: Confounders or epiphenomena?
6: Immune-based therapies
7: Insights from animal studies
8: The longstanding debate on the role of group a streptococcus in Tourette syndrome: An epistemological framework
References
Chapter Four: Functional connectivity in the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Functional connectivity
3: Applications of functional connectivity to TS
4: Limitations and future directions
References
Chapter Five: Perception-action integration in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The role of perceptual processing in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS)
3: Theory of Event Coding (TEC)
4: TEC as an explanatory framework for GTS
References
Section V: Current pharmacological treatment of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Chapter Six: The pharmacological treatment of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Alpha-receptor agonists
3: Anticonvulsants
4: Dopamine receptor antagonists
5: Dopamine depleting agents
6: Muscle relaxants
7: Cannabis-based medicine
8: Traditional Chinese herbal medicine
9: Other medications
10: Treatment of Tourette syndrome with comorbid ADHD and OCD
11: Decision making on management of tic disorder
12: Conclusions
Financial disclosure/Conflict of interest
References
Chapter Seven: Atypical antipsychotics for treatment of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Background
2: Methods
3: Results
4: Conclusions
References
Chapter Eight: Ecopipam: A D1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Summary of clinical studies of ecopipam in TS
3: Discussion
4: Summary
References
Chapter Nine: Alpha agonists for the treatment of Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Pharmacology of alpha agonists in Tourette syndrome
2: Pharmacoepidemiology of alpha agonist use for Tourette syndrome
3: Review of randomized controlled trials of clonidine and guanfacine for the treatment of Tourette syndrome
References
Section VI: Innovative treatments of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Chapter Ten: Cannabinoids: Possible role in the pathophysiology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the pathophysiology of GTS
3: Clinical evidence supporting an involvement of the ECS in GTS
4: Practical clues regarding the use of CBM in patients with GTS and future directions
References
Chapter Eleven: Novel potential avenues for the therapy of Tourette syndrome: Cannabinoid- and steroid-based interventions
Abstract
1: Introduction: Pathophysiology and therapy of tic disorders
2: Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system
3: Effects of cannabinoids and cannabis in TS: Current evidence and challenges
4: Steroids and steroidogenesis
5: Role of steroids in TS: Current evidence and potential mechanisms
6: Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Twelve: Non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of Tourette's syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Basics of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
3: Key cortical targets in Tourette's syndrome
4: Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Tourette's syndrome
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter Thirteen: Entrainment of movement-related brain oscillations to improve symptoms in Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Median nerve stimulation as a therapy for Tourette syndrome
3: Summary
References
Chapter Fourteen: Network oscillatory activity in chronic tics and Tourette syndrome
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Local resting state oscillatory characteristics in tic disorders
3: Neurophysiologic characteristics of tic activity and tic severity
4: Network oscillatory characteristics of tic disorders
5: Understanding stimulation effects using oscillatory characteristics
6: Conclusions
References

Marc E. Lavoie

Marc E. Lavoie, PhD is currently research professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the University of Montréal, and since 2001 he is directing the Cognitive and Social Psychophysiology Laboratory, at the research center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (Canada). His research training was completed in the field of psychophysics (Université de Moncton, Canada), experimental neuropsychology (Université de Montréal, Canada), developmental psychology (Universiteit van Amsterdam, the Nederland) and in psychobiology (Université de Lille, France). He directs a clinical research program currently funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research that addresses crucial issues about the relationship between brain functions, behavior, and cognition in various neurodevelopmental and habit disorders, primarily in Tourette’s syndrome and behavior-focused repetitive behavior.

Affiliations and expertise

Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de Montreal, Departement de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Andrea E. Cavanna

Andrea E. Cavanna, MD, PhD, FRCP, FANPA, SFHEA, works as a clinician (Consultant in Behavioural Neurology at the Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK) and as an academic (Honorary Professor in Neuropsychiatry at Aston University, Birmingham, UK). His medical training was completed in Italy (University of Turin and A. Avogadro University, Novara) and in the United Kingdom (University College London). Since 2008 he has been Lead Consultant for the specialist Tourette syndrome clinic. His research activity focuses on the behavioural aspects of neurological conditions. He coordinates training activities directed at the future generation of clinical scientists by running the Tourette syndrome module of the MSc in Clinical Neuropsychiatry at the University of Birmingham.

Affiliations and expertise

Honorary Professor in Neuropsychiatry at Aston University, Birmingham, UK