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The Musculoskeletal Practitioner’s Handbook
An Essential Guide for Clinical Practice
- 1st Edition - July 15, 2023
- Authors: Jonathan Kenyon, Giles Hazan
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 4 9 1 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 4 9 2 - 8
This new handbook provides a practical, day-to-day reference guide to assist clinicians in assessing and managing the most common musculoskeletal problems they encounter in th… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThis new handbook provides a practical, day-to-day reference guide to assist clinicians in assessing and managing the most common musculoskeletal problems they encounter in their practice.
Written by a GP with an extended role in msk medicine and an advanced practice physiotherapist and informed by their combined years of clinical experience, it provides an overview of pathology and guides the reader through assessment, examination, tests and scans, and management.
Easy to follow and use as well as comprehensively referenced and evidence-based, this title will prove indispensable for clinicians across disciplinary boundaries, from First Contact Practitioners and GPs to physiotherapists, nurses and paramedics.
- Designed to support evidence-based clinical reasoning and decision making
- Easy to reference summaries of the most common musculoskeletal pathologies encountered in practice
- Descriptions of diagnostic scans and tests, what they are and when they’re used
- Detailed sections on relevant anatomy and nerve pathways
- Principles of management of both regional and systemic musculoskeletal disorders
- Detailed descriptions of the most common medications used to treat pain
- Information on blood tests with a quick reference guide to their interpretation
- A wealth of quick reference appendices for use in every day practice
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Dedications
- List of Illustrations
- SECTION 1. Musculoskeletal Anatomy
- 1.1. Cardinal planes
- 1.2. Joint movements
- 1.3. Musculoskeletal anatomy
- Head and neck
- Trunk
- Shoulder, scapula and upper arm
- Elbow, wrist and hand
- Pelvis and hip
- Knee, foot and ankle
- 1.4. Bones of the hand and foot
- 1.5. Muscle innervation chart
- SECTION 2. Musculoskeletal Assessment
- 2.1. Dermatomes
- 2.2. Myotomes
- 2.3. Reflexes
- Testing the deep tendon reflexes in supine
- Reinforcement manoeuvres
- Other reflexes
- Documenting reflexes
- 2.4. Upper and lower motor neurone lesions
- 2.5. Medical research council scale
- 2.6. Peripheral nerve sensory innervation
- 2.7. Nerve pathways
- Upper limb
- Lower limb
- 2.8. Neurological tests
- 2.9. Neurodynamic tests
- Upper limb neurodynamic test 1: Median nerve bias
- Upper limb neurodynamic test 2a: Median nerve bias
- Upper limb neurodynamic test 2b: Radial nerve bias
- Upper limb neurodynamic test 3: Ulnar nerve bias
- Slump test
- Straight leg raise
- Passive neck flexion
- Femoral nerve slump test
- 2.10. Cranial nerves
- 2.11. Glossary of neurological terms
- 2.12. Modified ashworth scale
- 2.13. Trigger points
- 2.14. Visceral referral patterns
- 2.15. Flags in back pain
- References
- 2.16. Vascular assessment
- Pulse assessment
- Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI)
- 2.17. Musculoskeletal tests
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Wrist and hand
- Pelvis
- Hip
- Knee
- Ankle and foot
- Cervical spine
- 2.18. Common vascular tests
- Adson’s manoeuvre
- Costoclavicular syndrome (military brace) test
- Halstead manoeuvre
- Homan’s test
- Provocation elevation test
- Roos test (elevated arm stress test)
- Wright test (modified)
- 2.19. Diagnostic criteria and clinical scoring systems
- Budapest criteria – diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (Harden, 2007)
- Beighton hypermobility score (Beighton, 1973)
- Ottowa ankle rules for ankle injury radiography (Stiell, 1994)
- Diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia (Wolfe et al, 2010)
- Diagnostic criteria for hypermobile ehlers-danlos syndrome (hEDS) (Tinkle et al, 2017)
- References
- 2.20. Fractures – an overview
- 2.21. Subjective assessment
- Body chart
- Behaviour of symptoms
- History of the present condition
- Special questions
- Past medical history
- Family history
- Drug history
- Social history
- Personal history
- 2.22. Physical assessment
- Observation
- Palpation
- Palpation active joint movements
- Passive joint movement
- Joint integrity tests (i.e. valgus and varus stress test)
- Muscle tests
- Neurological tests
- Other tests (i.e. vascular, cranial)
- SECTION 3. Musculoskeletal Regional Conditions
- 3.1. Spine
- 3.1.1. Cervical Sponydylotic Myelopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.2. Acute Mechanical Neck Pain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.1.3. Acute Lower Back Pain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.4. Cauda Equina Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- Reference
- 3.1.5. Cervical Radiculopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.6. Chronic Lower Back Pain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.7. Lumbar Radiculopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.8. Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.1.9. Spinal Infections
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.10. Spinal Stenosis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.1.11. Thoracic Back Pain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.1.12. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.1.13. Differential Diagnosis of Neck Pain
- 3.2. Shoulder
- 3.2.1. Subacromial Shoulder Pain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.2. Rotator Cuff Tears
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.3. Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.4. Shoulder Instability (Atraumatic and Traumatic Dislocations)
- Classification of shoulder instability
- Atraumatic shoulder instability
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Investigations
- Management
- Traumatic shoulder instability – dislocation
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Associated injuries
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- Reference
- 3.2.5. Acromioclavicular Joint Injury
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.6. Glenohumeral Arthritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.7. Long Head of Biceps Tendinopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.2.8. Glenoid Labrum Tear
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.3. Elbow
- 3.3.1. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.3.2. Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.3.3. Osteoarthritis of the Elbow
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.3.4. Olecranon Bursitis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.4. Hand and wrist
- 3.4.1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.4.2. De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.4.3. Trigger Finger
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5. Hip
- 3.5.1. Hip Osteoarthritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5.2. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5.3. Groin Pain in Athletes
- Possible causes of groin pain in athletes
- Symptoms
- Examination findings (from Thorborg et al., 2018)
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- References
- 3.5.4. Piriformis Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5.5. Iliotibial Band Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5.6. Acetabular Labral Tear
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.5.7. Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Hip Osteonecrosis)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6. Knee
- 3.6.1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.3. Medial Collateral Ligament Injury
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.4. Meniscal Injury
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.5. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.6. Patella Tendinopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.7. Chondromalacia Patellae
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.8. Knee Osteoarthritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.6.9. Baker Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.7. Foot and ankle
- 3.7.1. Plantar Fasciitis (Plantar Fasciopathy)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.7.2. Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.7.3. Hallux Rigidus
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.7.4. Morton’s Neuroma
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.7.5. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.7.6. Achilles Tendinopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Imaging
- Management
- 3.7.7. Peroneal Tendinopathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Imaging
- Management
- 3.7.8. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Tests
- Investigations
- Management
- 3.7.9. Ankle Sprain
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Special tests
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigation
- Management
- 3.8. Regional musculoskeletal conditions: Shorts
- Anterior interosseus syndrome
- Cervical arterial dysfunction
- Charcot joint
- Cubital tunnel syndrome
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
- Dupuytren’s disease (contracture)
- Femoroacetabular impingement
- Ganglion cyst of the wrist
- Kienböck’s disease
- Mallet finger
- Osgood-Schlatter disease
- Osteoarthritis of the ankle
- Osteoarthritis of the base of thumb (first carpo-metacarpal joint)
- Osteoarthritis of the fingers
- Osteochondral lesion of talus
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Patellar dislocation (traumatic)
- Plica syndrome
- Pronator teres syndrome
- Radial nerve lesions
- Scaphoid fracture
- Scheuermann’s disease
- Sinding-Larsen and Johansson disease
- Sinus tarsi syndrome
- Snapping hip syndrome (coxa saltans or Dancer’s hip)
- Spina bifida
- Spondylolisthesis
- Tailors bunion (bunionette)
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome
- Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries
- Ulnar nerve palsy at the wrist (cyclist’s palsy)
- SECTION 4. Systemic Conditions
- 4.1. Rheumatoid arthritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Test
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.3. Sjögren’s syndrome
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigation
- Management
- 4.4. Spondyloarthropathy
- Axial spondyloarthritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reactive arthritis
- Enteropathic arthritis
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.5. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management of PMR
- Management of GCA
- 4.6. Fibromyalgia
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.7. Hypermobile ehlers–danlos syndrome (hEDS)
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.8. Gout
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.9. Pseudogout
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.10. Osteoporosis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.11. Osteomalacia
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.12. Paget’s disease
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.13. Hypercalcaemia
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.14. Diabetes mellitus
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.15. Hypothyroidism
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.16. Hyperthyroidism
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.17. Hyperparathyroidism
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.18. Motor neurone disease
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.19. Multiple sclerosis
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.20. Peripheral neuropathy
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.21. Multiple myeloma
- History
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.22. Primary bone cancer
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.23. Metastatic bone cancer
- History
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.24. Lymphoma
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Differential diagnosis
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.25. Leukaemia
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.26. Soft tissue sarcoma
- History
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Investigations
- Management
- 4.27. Systemic conditions: Shorts
- Acromegaly
- Anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
- Charcot marie tooth syndrome/disease
- Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)
- Compartment syndrome
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Muscular dystrophy
- Myasthenia gravis
- Myositis (polymyositis/dermatomyositis)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
- Prostate cancer
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- Sarcoidosis
- Scleroderma
- Shingles
- Systemic vasculitis
- Peripheral vascular disease
- SECTION 5. Diagnostics
- 5.1. Imaging
- 5.1.1. IR(ME)R Guidelines and Regulations
- 5.1.2. X-Rays
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.3. Computed Tomography
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.4. Ultrasound
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.5. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
- Interpreting T scores
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.7. Radioisotope Bone Scans
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.1.8. Positron Emission Tomography
- 5.1.9. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
- 5.2. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography
- Advantages
- Limitations
- 5.3. Summary of blood tests
- SECTION 6. Pain Medications
- 6.1. Amitriptyline
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.2. Aspirin
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.3. Baclofen
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.4. Buprenorphine
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.5. Celecoxib
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.6. Codeine phosphate
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult doses
- 6.7. Diazepam
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.8. Diclofenac
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.9. Dihydrocodeine
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosages
- 6.10. Duloxetine
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.11. Etoricoxib
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.12. Fentanyl
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.13. Gabapentin
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.14. Ibuprofen
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.15. Meloxicam
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.16. Morphine sulphate
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.17. Naproxen
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.18. Oxycodone
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- Notes on dosage and administration
- Driving and skilled tasks
- Treatment cessation
- 6.19. Paracetamol
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.20. Pregabalin
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adverse effects
- Cautions
- Adult dosage
- 6.21. Tramadol
- Class of medication
- Mechanism of action
- Prescribed for
- Adult dosage
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Cautions
- SECTION 7. Appendices
- 7.1. Acronyms and abbreviations
- 7.2. Prefixes and suffixes
- 7.3. Laboratory values
- Biochemistry
- Haematology
- Conversions and units
- 7.4. National early warning score for the acutely ill or deteriorating patient
- 7.5. Adult basic life support
- 7.5.1. Adult Basic Life Support in Community Settings
- 7.5.2. Adult Choking
- 7.6. Paediatric basic life support
- 7.6.1. Paediatric Basic Life Support (Hospital)
- 7.6.2. Paediatric Out-of-Hospital Basic Life Support
- 7.6.3. Paediatric Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
- 7.7. Body mass index chart
- 7.8. Suspected cancer – recognition and referral
- Further readings
- Index
- No. of pages: 300
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: July 15, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780702084911
- eBook ISBN: 9780702084928
JK
Jonathan Kenyon
Affiliations and expertise
Advanced Physiotherapy Practitioner, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK