The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics

1st Edition, Volume 14-3 - September 25, 2022
Editors: Giuseppe Bagliani, Fabio Leonelli, Roberto De Ponti
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 8 1 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 8 2 - 1

In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Giuseppe Bagliani, Roberto De Ponti, and Fabio Leonelli bring their considerable expertise to the topic of the… Read more

The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics

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In this issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics, guest editors Giuseppe Bagliani, Roberto De Ponti, and Fabio Leonelli bring their considerable expertise to the topic of the multifaced aspects of atrial flutter interpreted by precision electrocardiology. Top experts in the field teach readers to discriminate the different forms of atrial flutter based on surface electrocardiogram and intracavitary signals and to correctly approach this arrhythmia invasively by ablation. Readers will also learn the importance of the appropriate treatment in different patient populations.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
The History of Atrial Flutter Electrophysiology, from Entrainment to Ablation: A 100-Year Experience in the Precision Electrocardiology
Key points
Introduction
The history of a fluttering of atrial activity on the surface electrocardiogram
The Waldo classification of atrial flutter, a cornerstone: the correlation between electrocardiogram and electrophysiology
Intracardiac recordings in the electrophysiology mechanisms of human atrial flutter
Pacing the atria during atrial flutter: resetting, entrainment, and overdrive interruption: a true experience of precision electrocardiology
Further insight in the circuit of atrial flutter: the Waldo’s concept of concealed entrainment
Concealed entrainment: the beginning of atrial flutter ablation
From Waldo to our time—beyond conventional intra cavitary approach: the mapping techniques
Are the electrophysiology of atrial flutter changing after atrial flutter ablation?
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Normal and Abnormal Atrial Anatomy Relevant to Atrial Flutters: Areas of Physiological and Acquired Conduction Blocks and Delays Predisposing to Re-entry
Key points
Introduction
Right atrium
Left atrium
Interatrial muscular connections
Acquired changes to atrial walls
Summary
Clinics care points
Electrocardiographic Approach to Atrial Flutter: Classifications and Differential Diagnosis
Key points
Introduction: atrial flutter characteristics and technical considerations
Post-Radio Frequency Ablation tachycardias
Physiology and biophysics of the electrocardiogram
Fundamental electrocardiogram classification: isthmus or non–isthmus-dependent atrial flutters
Electrocardiogram diagnosis of typical atrial flutter (counterclockwise and clockwise)
Left atrium role in isthmus-dependent flutter
Variants of isthmus-dependent atrial flutter
Atypical atrial flutter
Differential diagnosis
Summary
Clinics care points
Pathophysiology of Typical Atrial Flutter
Key points
Introduction: focal and reentrant arrhythmias
Basic mechanism of reentrant arrhythmias: the cornerstone of mines law
Right atrium and atrial flutter: the anatomic and physiologic bases of a relationship
Common and uncommon variants of typical atrial flutter: one-way preferential conduction
Crista terminalis physiopathology: anatomic and functional block
Left atrium role during typical atrial flutter: by-stander electrophysiologically, essential in the phenotypic electrocardiogram
Clinics care points
Pathophysiology of Atypical Atrial Flutters
Key points
Introduction
Cardiac procedures and clinical conditions associated with atypical atrial flutters
Substrate modification and the ensuing tachycardia mechanisms in atypical atrial flutter
Localized reentry and pathophysiology of unmappable circuits
Cavotricuspid Isthmus-Dependent AFL with an Atypical Electrocardiographic Presentation: an Unexpected Finding
Summary
Clinics care points
Conflicts of interest disclosure
Relationships Between Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation: The Border Zone
Key points
Introduction
Mechanisms of arrhythmia
From atrial fibrillation to atrial flutter and vice versa
Management of combined atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation: is it different from guidelines?
Summary and clinics care points
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Interpretation of Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutters by Precision Electrocardiology Based on Intracardiac Recording
Key points
Electrocardiogram in atrial flutters: advantages and limitations
Intracardiac and electrocardiogram recordings in typical flutter
Electrocardiogram approach to atypical atrial flutter
Macroreentrant flutters
Summary
Clinics care points
Typical Atrial Flutter Mapping and Ablation
Key points
History of typical atrial flutter mapping and ablation
Typical atrial flutter mapping
Typical atrial flutter ablation
Clinics care points
Mapping and Ablation of Atypical Atrial Flutters
Key points
Introduction
Different mapping and ablation strategies for atypical atrial flutters
Mapping and ablation based on 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping
Efficacy and safety using different mapping and ablation strategies
Arrhythmia recurrence and issues related to long-term follow-up
Summary
Clinics care points
Atypical Cases of Typical Atrial Flutter? A Case Study
Key points
Introduction
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
Summary
Clinics care points
Atrial Flutter in Pediatric Patients
Key points
Introduction
Electrocardiogram features
Atrial flutter in the fetal and perinatal period
Atrial flutter in children and adolescents
Atrial flutter after surgical repairs of children with congenital heart disease
Case report
Atrial Flutters in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Key points
Introduction
Atrial Flutter in Particular Patient Populations
Key points
Introduction
Atrial flutter and atrial cardiomyopathy—is there a difference between the electrophysiological substrates of atrial flutter and fibrillation?
Atrial flutter and heart failure
Atrial flutter and cardiomyopathies
Atrial flutter in neuromuscular disorders
Atrial flutter after heart transplantation
Atrial flutter and lung disease
Atrial flutter in athletes
Atrial flutter and preexcitation: the bad couple
Conclusions—atrial flutter: one arrhythmia, many clinical scenarios
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Atrial Flutter
Key points
Introduction
Atrial flutter electroanatomic mechanisms and the relationship with atrial fibrillation
Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs
Antiarrhythmic drugs characteristics and effects on atrial flutter
Clinics care points

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The Multifaced Aspects Of Atrial Flutter Interpreted By Precision Electrocardiology, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics

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Giuseppe Bagliani

Fabio Leonelli

Roberto De Ponti