The Eye Pt IB

List of Contributors

Preface

Foreword to the First Edition

Chapter 1 The Cornea and Sclera

I. Introduction

II. Anatomy

A. Dimensions

B. Structure

III. Stroma

A. Tissue Mechanics

B. Optical Properties

C. Diffusion and Flow

IV. Limiting Layers

A. Mechanical and Optical Properties

B. Permeability

C. Fluid Pump and Thickness Control

V. Metabolism and Nutrition

A. Metabolic Activity

B. Intermediary Metabolism and Function

VI. Neurology

A. Innervation

B. Function

C. Growth, Injury and Trophism

VII. The Growth Processes

A. Development of Globe

B. Epithelium

C. Endothelium

D. Stroma

E. Growth Factors

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2 The Lens as a Physiochemical System

I. Introduction

II. Structural Order in the Lens

A. Optical Techniques

B. Electron Microscopy

C. Physical Techniques Applied to the Intact Lens

III. The Optical Properties of the Lens

A. Lens Transparency

B. Light Scattering in Osmotic Cataracts

C. Light Scattering in Other Cataracts

D. Increase in Lens Absorbance and Fluorescence in Nuclear Cataracts

IV. Role of Membranes in the Lens

A. Introduction

B. Permeability Properties of Lens Membranes

C. Single Channels in the Lens

D. Mechanisms of the Control of Lens Membrane Permeability

E. Effects of Osmotic Stress on Lens Membrane Permeability

F. Effects of Hexose Sugars on Lens Membrane Permeability

G. Amino Acid Transport

V. Relationships Between Electrolyte and Protein Distribution in the Lens

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3 The Lens: Development, Proteins, Metabolism and Cataract

I. Introduction

II. Lens Development, Growth and Regeneration

A. Formation of the Lens and Lens Sutures

B. Formation of the Lens Capsule

C. Lens Cell Proliferation

D. Elongation and Fiber Cell Differentiation

E. DNA Synthesis in Development

F. The Growth of the Lens: Lens Weight

G. Crystallin Ontogeny

H. Lens Regeneration

III. Non-Protein Constituents of the Lens

A. Amino Acids

B. Lipids

C. Ascorbic Acid

D. DNA

E. RNA

F. Nucleotides

G. Metabolic Intermediates

H. Inorganic Ions

I. Fluorescent Compounds

J. Glutathione and Related Peptides

IV Structural Proteins of the Lens

A. Lens Capsule

B. The Water-Soluble Structural Proteins of the Lens

C. Actin, Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

D. Insoluble Proteins

E. High Molecular Weight Fractions from Clear Lenses

F. Changes in Lens Proteins in Aging and Cataract

V. Lens Metabolism

A. Overall Metabolism

B. Enzyme Classification and Kinetics

C. Glycolysis

D. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

E. The Citric Acid Cycle

F. The α-Glycerophosphate Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

G. The Sorbitol Pathway

H. Lipid Metabolism

I. Amino Acid Metabolism

J. Metabolism of Glutathione

K. Protein Synthesis

L. Proteolysis and Proteolytic Enzymes

M. Miscellaneous Enzymes

VI. Cataract

A. Radiation Cataracts

B. Sugar Cataracts

C. Toxic Cataracts

D. Congenital Cataract

E. Calcium and Cataract

F. Cataract Secondary to Uveitis

G. Traumatic Cataract

H. Cold Cataract

I. Osmotic Cataracts

J. Deficiency Cataracts

K. Multifactorial Cataract

L. Conclusions on Experimental Cataract

M. Human Cataract of Unknown Aetiology

N. Cataract Therapy and Prevention

Acknowledgments

References

Subject Index