The Cell Nucleus V1

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Other Volumes

Introduction

Part I Nuclear Structure

Chapter 1 Localization of Nuclear Functions as Revealed by Ultrastructural Autoradiography and Cytochemistry

I. Localization of Chromatin

II. Sites of Replication

III. Localization of Ribonucleoproteins

IV. Sites of Transcription

V. Nuclear Proteins

VI. Discussion

References

Chapter 2 The Nucleolus and Nucleolar DNA

I. Historical

II. Variations in Nucleolar Structure

III. The Role of the Nucleolus

IV. The Ultrastructure of the Nucleolus

V. Perinucleolar and Intranucleolar Chromatin Structures

VI. Compact Nucleoli

VII. Nucleoli with Nucleolonemas

VIII. Ring-Shaped Nucleoli

IX. Nucleolar Fibrillar and Granular Components

X. Dense Intranucleolar Particles

XI. The Nucleolar Microspherules

XII. The Nucleolar Light Areas: Interstices and Vacuoles

XIII. Nucleolar Fibrillar Centers and Nucleolini

XIV. Natural Nucleolar Segregation

XV. Nucleolar Constituents

XVI. Synthesis and Cell Content of rDNA

XVII. Summary

References

Chapter 3 Ultrastructural Organization of Plant Cell Nuclei

I. Introduction

II. Types of Interphase Nuclei

III. Organization and Possible Role of Pufflike Chromosome Segments

IV. Possible Factors Involved in Nuclear Structure Diversity

V. Pattern of Organization of Plant Nucleoli

References

Chapter 4 The Nucleus of the Plasmodial Slime Molds

I. Introduction

II. Culture Methods and Gross Morphology

III. Microscopic Morphology

IV. Chromosome Numbers

V. Isolation of Nuclei and Nucleoli

VI. Biochemistry

References

Chapter 5 Structures and Functions of the Nuclear Envelope

I. Introduction

II. The Nuclear Envelope as a Means of Intracellular ComPartmentalization

III. Methodological Progress

IV. The Nuclear Envelope as a Part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

V. Associations of Inner Nuclear Membrane with Chromosomes and Chromatin

VI. Association of the Inner Nuclear Membrane with Specific Proteinaceous Layers

VII. The Pore Complex

VIII. Relationship of the Nuclear Envelope to Annulate Lamellae (AL) and Intranuclear Cisternae

IX. Structural Differentiation of the Nuclear Envelope

X. Associations and Interactions of the Nuclear Envelope with Microtubules and Microfilaments

XI. Relationship of the Nuclear Envelope to Other Cell Organelles

XII. Breakdowns and Reconstitutions of the Nuclear Envelope; Role of the Nuclear Envelope in Nuclear Divisions and Fusions

Note Added in Proof

References

Chapter 6 Chemical and Biochemical Properties of the Nuclear Envelope

I. Introduction

II. Isolation and Physical Properties

III. Chemical Properties

IV. Biochemical Properties

V. Conclusions

Note Added in Proof

References

Part II Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions

Chapter 7 Movement of Molecules between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

I. Introduction

II. Observations from Which It Can Be Inferred That Molecules Move Nonrandomly between Cytoplasm and Nucleus

III. Unidirectional Movement of RNA from Nucleus to Cytoplasm

IV. Unidirectional Movement of Proteins from Cytoplasm to Nucleus

V. Movement of DNA from Nucleus to Cytoplasm

VI. Some Proteins Shuttle Nonrandomly between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

VII. RNA's That Shuttle Nonrandomly between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

VIII. Movement of Ions between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

IX. Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Heterokaryons and Their Uses in Studies of Nuclear Function

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Inducing Cell Fusion

III. Mechanism of Cell Fusion

IV. Nuclear Reactivation

V. Gene Expression

VI. Heterokaryons in Virological Studies

VII. Studies on Induction of DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Premature Chromosome Condensation

VIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 The Genome in Specialized Cells, as Revealed by Nuclear Transplantation in Amphibia

I. Introduction

II. Methods of Nuclear Transplantation

III. Evidence for Genetic Identity of Transplanted Somatic Nuclei

IV. Loss of Developmental Capacity of Transplanted Nuclei

V. Conclusions on the Developmental Capacity of Transplanted Nuclei

VI. General Conclusions

References

Part III Chromatin

Chapter 10 The Molecular Organization of the Chromatin Fiber

I. Introduction

II. Morphological Methods for the Study of Chromatin Fibers

III. Organization of Chromatin Fibers in Thin Sections

IV. Organization of Chromatin Fibers Spread on Liquid Surfaces

V. Composition of Spread Chromatin Fibers

VI. Morphology of the DNA Moiety of Chromatin Fibers

VII. Physical Studies on Nucleohistone and Chromatin

VIII. Packing and Coiling of DNA: Models of the Chromatin Fiber

References

Chapter 11 The Structure of Human Chromosomes

I. Chromosome Structure before Banding

II. A Prebanding Model

III. Chromosome Structure after Banding

IV. Centromeric versus Intercalary Heterochromatin

V. Mechanisms of Banding

VI. Chromosome Structure after Banding

References

Chapter 12 Ultrastructure and Function of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

I. History of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

II. Ultrastructure of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

III. Function of Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

IV. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index