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The Biology and Identification of the Coccidia (Apicomplexa) of Rabbits of the World is a taxonomic summation of a damaging intestinal parasite found in rabbits and transmiss… Read more
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The Biology and Identification of the Coccidia (Apicomplexa) of Rabbits of the World is a taxonomic summation of a damaging intestinal parasite found in rabbits and transmissible to other species, including humans. This book conceptually and historically summarizes the world's literature on the parasite and also provides a quick guide to isolation procedures, identification, strategies for management, and available chemotherapy. It is a vital source of knowledge about coccidia’s real and potential transmission to humans, which can lead to dangerous health problems, like severe dehydration, vomiting, lethargy and even death.
Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease that affects several different animal species, including canines and humans, and is one of the most prevalent protozoal infections in North America. The causative agent is a protozoan that has the ability to multiply rapidly and cause major damage in the intestinal wall, rupturing the cells of the intestinal lining. The final stage, the oocyst, is extremely resistant to environmental stress and is difficult to completely remove from the environment. Oocysts are frequent contaminants of feed and water and when the sporulated oocysts are ingested by other animals, they start the life cycle over in the new host. With the demand for rabbits in scientific research and for rabbit meat for human consumption increasingly globally each year, rabbits are of epidemiologic significance for laboratory workers, university researchers, veterinarians, pet owners, and breeders.
Researchers in biology, parasitology, animal husbandry, rabbit raising, diseases of wild and domestic animals, veterinary medicine, faculty members in universities with graduate programs in these areas, colleges of veterinary medicine and agricultures, practicing veterinarians, farmers, students and other individuals involved in 4H (4-H is a youth organization administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Dedication
Preface and Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction
Rabbits are Food, Pets, Lab Animals, and Pests
Rabbits and the History of Discovery of the Coccidia
High Prevalence and Multiple Species
An Emerging Disease Problem
Coccidiosis: Disease, Symptoms, Perpetrators
Epidemiology of Disease in Rabbits and its Limitations
The Species Concept
Taxonomy and Systematics Crises Affect Biodiversity
Modern DNA Taxonomy
Taxonomy vs. Barcoding
Parasites, Shrinking Ecosystems, and Disease
Chapter 2. Lagomorpha Origins and Diversification
Lagomorph Biodiversity and Familial Relationships
Phylogenetic Relationships and Historical Biogeography
Chapter 3. Coccidia (Eimeriidae) of the Family Ochotonidae: Genus Ochotona
Introduction
Family Ochotonidae Thomas, 1897
Eimeria banffensis Lepp, Todd & Samuel, 1973
Eimeria barretti Lepp, Todd & Samuel, 1972
Eimeria calentinei Duszynski & Brunson, 1973
Eimeria circumborealis Hobbs & Samuel, 1974
Eimeria cryptobarretti Duszynski & Brunson, 1973
Eimeria daurica Matschoulsky, 1947a
Eimeria erschovi Matschoulsky, 1949
Eimeria haibeiensis Yi-Fan, Run-Roung, Jian-Hua, Jiang-Hui & Duszynski, 2009
Eimeria klondikensis Hobbs & Samuel, 1974
Eimeria metelkini Matschoulsky, 1949
Eimeria ochotona Matschoulsky, 1949
Eimeria princepsis Duszynski & Brunson, 1973
Eimeria qinghaiensisYi-Fan, Run-Roung, Jian-Hua, Jiang-Hui & Duszynski, 2009
Eimeria worleyiLepp, Todd & Samuel, 1972
Isospora marquardti Duszynski & Brunson, 1972
Isospora yukonensis Hobbs & Samuel, 1974
Species Inquirendae (5+)
Discussion and Summary
Chapter 4. Coccidia (Eimeriidae) from the Family Leporidae: Genus Brachylagus
Family Leporidae Fischer, 1817
Chapter 5. Coccidia (Eimeriidae) from the Family Leporidae: Genus Lepus
Introduction
Host Genus Lepus Linnaeus, 1758
Eimeria athabascensis Samoil & Samuel, 1977a
Eimeria audubonii Duszynski & Marquardt, 1969 (Figures 7.2, 7.3)
Eimeria bainae Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria cabareti Aoutil, Bertani, cordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria campania (Carvalho, 1943) Levine & Ivens, 1972
Eimeria coquelinae Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria europaea Pellérdy, 1956
Eimeria exigua Yakimoff, 1934 (Figures 6.4, 6.5)
Eimeria gantieri Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria gobiensis Gardner, Saggerman, Batsaikan, Ganzorig, Tinnin & Duszynski, 2009
Eimeria groenlandica Madsen, 1938 Emend. Levine & Ivens, 1972
Eimeria holmesi Samoil & Samuel, 1977a
Eimeria hungarica Pellérdy, 1956
Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948 (Figures 6.8, 6.9)
Eimeria irresidua Kessel & Jankiewicz, 1931 (Figures 6.10, 6.11)
Eimeria keithi Samoil & Samuel, 1977a
Eimeria lapierrei Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria leporis Nieschulz, 1923
Eimeria macrosculpta Sugár, 1979
Eimeria magna Pérard, 1925b (Figures 6.12, 6.13)
Eimeria matsubayashii Tsunoda, 1952 (Figure 6.14)
Eimeria media Kessel, 1929 (Figures 6.15, 6.16)
Eimeria minima Carvalho, 1943 (Figure 7.11)
Eimeria neoleporis Carvalho, 1942 (Figure 7.14)
Eimeria nicolegerae Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria perforans (Leuckart, 1879) Sluiter & Schwellengrebed, 1912 (Figures 6.19, 6.20)
Eimeria pierrecouderti Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria piriformis Kotlán & Pospesch, 1934 (Figures 6.21, 6.22)
Eimeria punjabensis Gill & Ray, 1960
Eimeria reniai Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria robertsoni (Madsen, 1938) Carvalho, 1943
Eimeria rochesterensis Samoil & Samuel, 1977a
Eimeria rowani Samoil & Samuel, 1977a
Eimeria ruficaudati Gill & Ray, 1960
Eimeria sculpta Madsen, 1938
Eimeria semisculpta (Madsen, 1938) Pellérdy, 1956
Eimeria septentrionalis Yakimoff, Matschoulsky & Spartansky, 1936
Eimeria stefanskii Pastuszko, 1961a
Eimeria stiedai (Lindemann, 1865) Kisskalt and Hartmann, 1907 (Figures 6.25, 6.26)
Eimeria sylvilagi Carini, 1940 (Figure 7.19)
Eimeria tailliezi Aoutil, Bertani, Bordes, Snounou, Chabaud & Landau, 2005
Eimeria townsendi (Carvalho, 1943) Pellérdy, 1956
Species Inquirendae (7)
Discussion and Summary
Chapter 6. Coccidia (Eimeriidae) of the Family Leporidae: Genus Oryctolagus
Introduction
Host Genus Oryctolagus Lilljeborg, 1874
Eimeria exigua Yakimoff, 1934
Eimeria flavescens Marotel & Guilhon, 1941
Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948
Eimeria irresidua Kessel & Jankiewicz, 1931
Eimeria leporis Nieschulz, 1923 (Figures 5.26, 5.27)
Eimeria magna Pérard, 1925b
Eimeria matsubayashii Tsunoda, 1952
Eimeria media Kessel & Jankiewicz, 1931
Eimeria nagpurensis Gill & Ray, 1960
Eimeria neoleporis Carvalho, 1942 (Figure 7.14)
Eimeria oryctolagi Ray & Banik, 1965b
Eimeria perforans (Leuckart, 1879) Sluiter & Swellengrebel, 1912
Eimeria piriformis Kotlán & Pospesch, 1934
Eimeria roobroucki Grés, Marchandeau & Landau, 2002
Eimeria stiedai (Lindemann, 1865) Kisskalt & Hartmann, 1907
Eimeria vejdovskyi (Pakandl, 1988) Pakandl & Coudert, 1999
Species Inquirendae (1)
Discussion and Summary
Chapter 7. Coccidia (Eimeriidae) of the Family Leporidae: Genus Sylvilagus
Introduction
Host Genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867
Eimeria azul Wiggins and Rothenbacher, 1979
Eimeria environ Honess, 1939
Eimeria exigua Yakimoff, 1934 (Figures 6.4, 6.5)
Eimeria honessi (Carvalho, 1943) Emend. Levine and Ivens, 1972 and Pellérdy, 1974
Eimeria irresidua Kessel and Jankiewicz, 1931 (Figures 6.10, 6.11)
Eimeria leporis Nieschulz, 1923 (Figures 5.26, 5.27)
Eimeria magna Pérard, 1925b (Figures 6.12, 6.13)
Eimeria maior Honess, 1939
Eimeria media Kessel & Jankiewicz, 1931 (Figures 6.15, 6.16)
Eimeria minima Carvalho, 1943
Eimeria neoirresidua Duszynski and Marquardt, 1969
Eimeria neoleporis Carvalho, 1942
Eimeria paulistana Da Fonseca, 1933
Eimeria perforans (Leuckart, 1879) Sluiter and Swellengrebel, 1912 (Figures 6.19, 6.20)
Eimeria pintoensis da Fonseca, 1932
Eimeria poudrei Duszynski and Marquardt, 1969
Eimeria stiedai (Lindemann, 1865) Kisskalt and Hartmann, 1907 (Figures 6.25, 6.26)
Eimeria sylvilagi Carini, 1940
Species inquirendae (3)
Discussion and Summary
Chapter 8. Sarcocystidae Poche, 1913, the Predator-Prey Coccidia in Rabbits: Besnoitia, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma
Introduction
Sarcocystinae Poche, 1913
Family Ochotonidae Thomas, 1897
Family Leporidae G. Fischer, 1817
Host Genus Oryctolagus Lilljeborg, 1874
Host Genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867
Sarcocystis Species Inquirendae (13)
Family Leporidae G. Fischer, 1817
Host Genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867
Toxoplasmatinae Biocca, 1957
Family Ochotonidae Thomas, 1897
Family Leporidae G. Fischer, 1817
Host Genus Oryctolagus Lilljeborg, 1874
Natural Infections of Besnoitia in Rabbits
Host Genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867
Besnoitia Species Inquirendae (2)
Toxoplasma Nicolle and Manceaux, 1909, in Rabbits
Family Ochotonidae Thomas, 1897
Family Leporidae G. Fischer, 1817
Host Genus Oryctolagus Lilljeborg, 1874
Host Genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867
Clinical Toxoplasmosis
Chapter 9. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis in Rabbits
Introduction
Cryptosporidium in Rabbits
Family Leporidae G. Fischer, 1817
Species Inquirendae (2)
Zoonotic Potential of Rabbit Coccidia
Chapter 10. Strategies for Management, Control, and Chemotherapy
Introduction
Management
Generic Methods of Control
Immunological Control
Chemotherapy/Chemoprophylaxis
Chapter 11. Summary and Conclusions
Introduction
Oocyst Size, Structures and their Stability
Localization in the Rabbit Host: Tissue, Cells, and Parasite Development
Prepatent Period
Patency
Sporulation
Detection and Identification: Morphological, Immunological, Molecular
Oocyst Survival
Prevention of Contamination
Transmission: Entry of Oocysts into the Host
Excystation of Oocysts in the Digestive Tract
Endogenous Development and Some Peculiarities
Host Specificity and Cross-Transmission
Pathology
Phylogenetic Relationships of Rabbit Eimerians
Glossary and List of Abbreviations
Literature Cited (∗) and Related References
Index
DD
LC