System Vaccinology

The History, the Translational Challenges and the Future

1st Edition - August 20, 2022
Editor: Vijay Kumar Prajapati
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 9 4 1 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 7 8 6 - 0

Emergence of new and deadly infectious diseases is significantly deteriorating the human health. Development of vaccine by the scientist has become an important weapon to co… Read more

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Emergence of new and deadly infectious diseases is significantly deteriorating the human health. Development of vaccine by the scientist has become an important weapon to control the spread of infectious diseases as well as to improve the life expectancy at global level in 20th-21st Century. This book will provide the in-depth knowledge of vaccine history, and development of new strategies to design efficacious and safe vaccine molecule. This book will cover the development of system vaccinology and their applications revolutionize the vaccine discovery. This will provide a resource for the basic and clinical researcher working to human life expectancy by their vaccine experiments and clinical trials.

My purpose to write this book to educate the students and researchers with modern development in the field of vaccinology and empowering the researcher with new tools and methodology for developing potential and immunogenic vaccines.

This book will be helpful to solve the curiosity of science and medical background students related with vaccinology and will be helpful to devise a new vaccine molecule to control the spread of new and emerging pathogens.

Systems biology is a rapidly expanding research discipline aiming to integrate multifaceted datasets generated using state-of-the-art high- throughput technologies such as arrays and next-generation sequencing. Combined with sophisticated computational analysis we are able to interrogate host responses to infections and vaccination on a systems level, thus generating important new hypotheses and discovering unknown associations between immunological parameters.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Part I History and Introduction
Chapter 1 History of vaccine: from centuries to present
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Generations of vaccines
1.3 The present scenario in the field of vaccine development
1.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Evolution and development of vaccines against major human infections
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Vaccines against major human infections
2.3 Discussion
References
Part II Immunology of vaccine designing
Chapter 3 Vaccine Omics: role of bioinformatics in vaccinology
3.1 History of vaccinology
3.2 Immune response involved in vaccination
3.3 Vaccine immunoinformatics and in-silico designing of vaccines
3.4 Commonly used epitope predictors
3.5 Bioinformatic tools for analysis of the vaccine construct
3.6 Structure modeling of the vaccine construct
3.7 Disorder perspective in vaccine construction
3.8 Future perspectives
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
Chapter 4 Vaccine engineering & structural vaccinology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology used for vaccine production
4.3 Reverse vaccinology
4.4 Structural vaccinology
4.5 Vaccine engineering
4.6 Immunogenicity
4.7 Challenges in mass vaccination
References
Chapter 5 Infection, immunity, and vaccine development
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic concept of vaccine immunology
5.3 Immunological memory
5.4 Vaccine development
5.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter 6 Immune responses to vaccines: from classical to systems approaches
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Immune response to vaccines
6.3 Approaches for assessing the immune response following the vaccination
6.4 Other factors that influence the immune response to a vaccine
6.5 Systems vaccinology
6.6 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 Leptin: an immunological adjuvant to improve vaccine response in infectious diseases
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fundamentals of leptin
7.3 Leptin receptor and leptin signaling
7.4 Leptin signaling in immune cells
7.5 Leptin and innate immunity
7.6 Leptin in adoptive immunity
7.7 Leptin deficiency and infection diseases
7.8 Leptin as an immunological adjuvant
References
Chapter 8 Polymer-based adjuvant requirements for vaccines
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Vaccine design for viral infections
8.3 Mimicking pathogens
8.4 The case of DNA vaccines
8.5 The importance of new adjuvant development
8.6 Adjuvant particulate form
8.7 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as immunopotentiators
8.8 The case of oral administration of vaccines
8.9 Polymer-based particulate adjuvants in oral vaccine formulation
8.10 Biodegradable polymer-based particles
8.11 Natural occurring polymers—polysaccharides
8.12 Summary
References
Part III Assessment of vaccine efficacy and its delivery
Chapter 9 Circadian rhythmicity and vaccination
9.1 Circadian cycles
9.2 Circadian clock
9.3 Circadian rhythmicity and immunity
9.4 Circadian rhythmicity and infection
9.5 Aging, immunosenescence, and circadian rhythmicity
9.6 Time of the day immunization/vaccination and immune response
9.7 Challenges, outstanding questions, and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10 Controlled human infection modeling and vaccine development
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The history of human challenge
10.3 Principles of human challenge
10.4 Applications and limitations
10.5 Challenge agents—selection and manufacture
10.6 Characterization trials
10.7 Clinical aspects of performing human challenge trials
10.8 Regulatory considerations
10.9 Summary
References
Chapter 11 Preclinical testing of vaccine candidates in animal models
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Types of animal models used in vaccine studies
11.3 Immunity to vaccines
11.4 Predictors of vaccine-induced protective immunity in animal models
11.5 Examples of disease models used in development of preclinical vaccines in animal models
11.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Vaccine human clinical trial
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Vaccine development and complexities
12.3 Human clinical trial
12.4 Vaccine license and approval process
12.5 Innovative strategy in vaccine development during times of pandemics
12.6 COVID-19: reported clinical trials worldwide
12.7 Regulatory challenges
12.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 13 Systems vaccinology for the design of rational vaccines against protozoan parasites
13.1 State-of-the-art of vaccines in protozoan parasites
13.2 Host-immune response
13.3 Antigen discovery
13.4 Systems biology applied to protozoan parasites
13.5 Rational vaccine design: future and prospects
References
Chapter 14 Cancer vaccine’s multiverse and the future ahead
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cancer vaccines
14.3 Targeted antigens
14.4 Delivery platforms
14.5 Adjuvants
14.6 Current clinical trials
14.7 Perspectives and limitations
14.8 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 15 Emerging trends in vaccine delivery systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Advantages of using advanced nanomaterials based vaccine delivery systems
15.3 Types of advanced vaccines delivery systems
15.4 Conclusion
References
Part IV Vaccine future and ethics
Chapter 16 Vaccine regulation and ethics
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Role of vaccine in human health
16.3 Vaccination
16.4 Vaccine development and regulation
16.5 Vaccine approval process
16.6 Role of national and international agencies on vaccine regulation and distribution
16.7 Vaccination ethics and issues
16.8 Vaccine for animal health
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17 Future of system vaccinology
17.1 Introduction
17.2 System vaccinology: a rational approach to reduce time and cost of vaccine development
17.3 System vaccinology: a guide in the vaccine development chain
17.4 System vaccinology: a tool to reveal the mechanism of vaccine action
17.5 Conclusion
References
Index

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System Vaccinology

The History, the Translational Challenges and the Future

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Vijay Kumar Prajapati