Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas

4th Edition - June 21, 2022
Authors: Robert D. Odze, John R. Goldblum
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 7 9 8 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 2 6 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 2 6 4 - 5

Unparalleled in scope and content, Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas provides the most relevant and up-to-date clinical, etiologic, mol… Read more

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Unparalleled in scope and content, Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas provides the most relevant and up-to-date clinical, etiologic, molecular, and therapeutic management information for surgical pathologists in training and in practice. The fully revised 4th Edition of this award-winning title offers a wealth of information in this fast-changing field, including recent advances in molecular biology and immunohistochemistry, in a clearly written, well-structured manner that is easy to read and navigate. This one-stop reference for the entire gastrointestinal system enables you to improve turnaround time when diagnosing a specimen and to clearly report on the prognosis and therapeutic management options to surgical and medical colleagues.

Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Gastrointestinal Tract
Section I. General Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 1. Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopic and Tissue Processing Techniques and Normal Histology
Introduction
Bowel Preparation
Methods for Obtaining Tissue Specimens
Methods of Processing Tissue for Pathologic Evaluation
Endoscopy-Induced Artifacts
Pathologic Features of a Healing Biopsy Site
Methods for Obtaining Cytology Specimens
Normal Histology of the Tubal Gut
Lymph Node Drainage and Lymphatics of the Tubal Gut
Chapter 2. Screening and Surveillance Guidelines in Gastroenterology
Introduction
Surveillance in Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus
Surveillance in Patients with Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia or Dysplasia
Surveillance for Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Screening and Surveillance Guidelines for Colon Polyps
Serrated Polyposis Syndrome
Management of Large Pedunculated Polyps
Management of Large Sessile Polyps
Postpolypectomy Surveillance
Management of Malignant Polyps
Colonoscopic Surveillance After Colon Cancer Resection
Chapter 3. Diagnostic Cytology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Normal Morphology
Infections
Inflammatory, Reactive, and Metaplastic Changes
Neoplastic Lesions
Chapter 4. Infectious Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Viral Infections of the GI Tract
Bacterial Infections of the GI Tract
Fungal Infections of the GI Tract
Parasitic Infections of the GI Tract
Chapter 5. Manifestations of Immunodeficiency in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Primary Immunodeficiencies
Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
Neutropenic Enterocolitis
The Gastrointestinal Tract in HIV Infection
Chapter 6. Autoimmune Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Autoimmune Enteropathy
Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease of The Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 7. Systemic Illnesses Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Cardiovascular Disorders
Dermatological Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
Hematological Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Pulmonary Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Rheumatological Disorders
Urological Disorders
Miscellaneous Disorders
Chapter 8. Neuromuscular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Esophagus
Stomach
Small and Large Intestine
Differential Diagnosis and Workup of Patients with Intestinal Dysmotility
Conclusion and Future Outlook
Chapter 9. Congenital and Developmental Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Molecular Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Development
Embryology and Anatomic Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 10. Enteropathies Associated with Chronic Diarrhea and Malabsorption in Childhood
Introduction and General Remarks
Biopsy Sampling and Indications in Children
Intestinal Development in Children
Congenital Disorders of Intestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
Congenital Defects of Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation
Disorders of Immunomodulation
Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Lymphangiectasia
Metabolic Diseases
Neoplastic Disorders
11. Vascular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Anatomy of The Gi Vascular System
Sampling of Resection Specimens
Upper Gi Bleeding
Lower Gi Bleeding
Upper Gi Ischemia
Lower Gi Ischemia
Vasculitides
Differential Diagnosis of Ischemia in Lower Gi Tract Biopsies
Chapter 12. Drug-Induced Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Nonspecific Injury Patterns
Specific Agents
Section II. Inflammatory Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 13. Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis of Inflammatory Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Esophagus
Gastroesophageal Junction
Stomach
Small Intestine
Colon
Chapter 14. Inflammatory Disorders of the Esophagus
Introduction
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Infectious Esophagitis
Pill-, Drug-, and Toxin-Related Esophagitis
Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis
Primary Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EOE)
Lymphocytic Esophagitis
Mechanical Causes of Esophagitis
Congenital and Acquired Deformations
Esophageal Involvement in Systemic Disease
Esophageal Epidermoid Metaplasia (Esophageal Leukoplakia)
Barrett’s Esophagus
Neoplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Chapter 15. Inflammatory Disorders of the Stomach
Historical Perspective
General Pathological Features of Gastritis
Updated Sydney System
Olga and Olgim Systems
Acute And Subacute Mucosal Injury (Acute Gastritis)
Chronic Gastritis
Specific Patterns of Gastritis
Vascular Gastropathies
Gastric Mucosal Depositions
Gastric Cardia And The Gastroesophageal Junction
The Stomach In The Young And Elderly
Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia
Chapter 16. Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Intestine
Disorders of Malabsorption
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Nutritional Deficiencies
Peptic Duodenitis and Duodenal Ulcer
Drug Injury of The Small Bowel
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ischemic Disorders of The Small Intestine
Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerating Stenosing Enteritis
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
Pseudomelanosis Duodeni
Chapter 17. Inflammatory Disorders of the Large Intestine
Approach To Evaluating Colitis
Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn’s Colitis
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Type Unknown (“Indeterminate” Colitis)
Dysplasia In Ulcerative Colitis And Crohn’s Disease
Non-Ibd Colitis
Mastocytic Disorders
Drug-Induced Colitis
Chemotherapy-Associated Colonic Injury
Effects Of Bowel Preparation Agents
Effects of Mucosal Prolapse In The Colon
Behçet’s Syndrome
Chapter 18. Inflammatory Disorders of the Appendix
Introduction
Congenital, Developmental, and Acquired Anatomic Abnormalities
Acute Appendicitis and Associated Inflammatory Disorders
Chronic Appendicitis
Infectious Causes of Acute and Chronic Appendicitis
Miscellaneous Disorders of the Appendix
Acknowledgments
Section III. Polyps of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 19. Polyps of the Esophagus
Introduction
Epithelial Polyps
Mesenchymal Polyps
Other Polyps
Chapter 20. Polyps of the Stomach
Introduction
Hyperplastic Polyps
Ménétrier’s Disease
Hamartomatous Polyps
Embryonic Rests and Heterotopia
Neoplastic Epithelial Polyps
Nonepithelial Polyps
Lymphoid Polyps
Miscellaneous Rare Polyps and Polyp-Like Lesions
Chapter 21. Polyps of the Small Intestine
Introduction
Inflammatory Lesions
Hyperplasia and Heterotopia
Hamartomatous Polyps
Benign Epithelial Neoplasms
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Mesenchymal Lesions
Lymphatic Lesions
Lymphoid Lesions
Metastases
Chapter 22. Polyps of the Large Intestine
Introduction
Endoscopic Classification of Polyps
Adenomatous Polyps
Serrated Polyps
Malignant Polyps
Inflammatory Polyps
Polyps Associated With Mucosal Prolapse
Hamartomatous Polyps
Visible Dysplastic Lesions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Mesenchymal Polyps
Miscellaneous Polypoid Lesions
Section IV. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 23. Molecular Diagnostics of Tubal Gut Neoplasms
Introduction
Types of Genetic Alterations In Cancer
Methodologies for Detection of Genetic Alterations
Principles of Targeted Therapy
Gastrointestinal Carcinomas
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Molecular Diagnostics of Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer
Chapter 24. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Esophagus
Introduction
Benign Neoplasms and Tumor-Like Lesions
Malignant Neoplasms
Chapter 25. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Stomach
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Histological Precursors Of Gastric Carcinoma
Early Gastric Carcinoma
Advanced Gastric Carcinoma
Major Histological Classifications Of Gastric Carcinoma
Other Types Of Gastric Cancer
Gastric Carcinoma In Special Clinical Circumstances
Molecular Pathology Of Gastric Cancer
Spread And Metastases
Prognosis
Management And Treatment
Hereditary Gastric Cancer Syndromes
Chapter 26. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Small Intestine
Introduction
Small-Intestinal Neoplasia in Polyposis and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
Benign Epithelial Tumors and Precursors
Small-Intestinal Adenocarcinoma
Ampullary Adenocarcinomas
Crohn’s Disease–Associated Adenocarcinoma
Celiac Disease–Associated Adenocarcinoma
Other Types of Carcinoma
Chapter 27. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Large Intestine
Introduction
Clinical Features
Incidence
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Gross Features and Specimen Handling
Pathological Features
Classification of Histological Subtypes
Special Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Natural History
Treatment
Prognostic Factors
Hereditary Colorectal Carcinoma
Colorectal Cancer in Serrated Polyposis
Colitis-Associated Neoplasia
Chapter 28. Epithelial Neoplasms of the Appendix
Mucinous Epithelial Tumors
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma
Secondary Tumors (Other Than Lymphoma)
Chapter 29. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Tracts
Neuroendocrine Cell System of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Incipient Neoplasia (Proliferations, Dysplasia/Tis)
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Mixed Tumors
Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Focal Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Other Tumors
Secondary (Metastatic) Tumors of Neuroendocrine Origin
Mimickers
Section V. Nonepithelial Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 30. Mesenchymal Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Introduction
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Neural Tumors
Smooth Muscle Tumors
Fibroblastic/Myofibroblastic Tumors
Vascular and Perivascular Tumors
Adipocytic Tumors
Miscellaneous Rare Tumors
Chapter 31. Hematolymphoid Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Hepatobiliary Tract, and Pancreas
Introduction
Gastric Marginal-Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (Malt Lymphoma)
Intestinal Marginal-Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (Malt Lymphoma)
Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Intestinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Duodenal-Type Follicular Lymphoma
Burkitt’s Lymphoma
Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma
Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma
Complicated Celiac Disease: Refractory Sprue and Ulcerative Jejunitis
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Other GI T-Cell Lymphomas
Indolent T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the GI Tract
Appendiceal Lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma of the GI Tract
GI Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Abnormal Immune States
Hepatic Lymphoma
Lymphomas of the Gallbladder
Lymphomas of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Pancreatic Lymphoma
Proliferations of Histiocytes and Dendritic Cells in the GI Tract and Liver
Section VI. Anal Pathology
Chapter 32. Inflammatory and Neoplastic Disorders of the Anal Canal
Embryology and Anatomy of the Anus and Anal Canal
Embryological Abnormalities of the Anus and Anal Canal
Benign Tumor–Like Lesions of the Anus and Anal Canal
Inflammatory Disorders of the Anus and Anal Canal
Benign Tumors of the Anus and Anal Canal
Squamous Neoplasia of the Anus and Anal Canal
Anal Adenocarcinoma
Paget’s Disease of the Anus
Anorectal Malignant Melanoma
Other Rare Neoplasms of the Anal Canal
Part 2. Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
Chapter 33. Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disorders
Introduction
Approach To The Interpretation Of Pancreatic Biopsies
Benign (And Other) Versus Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms
Acknowledgments
Chapter 34. Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Tissue Processing Techniques and Normal Histology
Introduction
Normal Anatomy and Histology
Gallbladder
Extrahepatic Biliary Tract
Pancreas
Frozen Sections and Intraoperative Consultation
Chapter 35. Molecular Genetics of Pancreatobiliary Neoplasms
Introduction
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Biliary Neoplasms
Conclusion
Chapter 36. Diagnostic Cytology of the Biliary Tract and Pancreas
Introduction
Cytology of the Biliary Tract
Cytology of the Pancreas
Cytological Diagnosis of Nonductal Pancreatic Neoplasms
Chapter 37. Developmental Disorders of the Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
Introduction
Structural Development of the Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
Structural and Developmental Anomalies of the Gallbladder
Structural and Developmental Anomalies of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract
Structural and Developmental Anomalies of the Pancreas
Chapter 38. Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract
Introduction
Gallstones
Cholecystitis
Parasitic Infestation
Polyarteritis Nodosa And Other Types Of Vasculitis
Cholesterolosis
Hydrops And Mucocele
Diverticular Disease
Ischemic Diseases
Traumatic Conditions And Chemical Cholecystitis
Biliary Fistulas
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Inflammatory Disorders of The Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
AIDS-Related Lesions
Cholangiopathy
Chapter 39. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract
Introduction
Sampling of Gallbladder Specimens
Gallbladder
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Nonepithelial Tumors of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Secondary Tumors of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Chapter 40. Inflammatory and Other Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Pancreas
Introduction
Acute Pancreatitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Genetics of Recurrent Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
Pancreatic Divisum
Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Follicular Pancreatitis
Paraduodenal Pancreatitis (“Groove” Pancreatitis)
Eosinophilic Pancreatitis
Tropical Pancreatitis
Pancreatic Involvement in Systemic Conditions
Obstructive Pancreatitis
Infectious Causes of Pancreatitis
Solid Nonneoplastic Lesions that Mimic Pancreatic Neoplasms
Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas
Congenital and Hereditary Abnormalities of the Exocrine Pancreas
Chapter 41. Tumors of the Pancreas
Introduction And Classification
Ductal Adenocarcinoma And Variants
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Intraductal Neoplasms
Cystic Neoplasms
Differential Diagnosis Of Cystic And Intraductal Lesions
Acinar Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatoblastoma, And Related Entities
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms
Differential Diagnosis Of Solid Cellular Neoplasms
Mesenchymal And Lymphoid Neoplasms
Tumor-Like Lesions
Secondary Tumors
Acknowledgment
Chapter 42. Tumors of Major and Minor Ampullae
Introduction
Anatomical And Histological Considerations
Classification Of Ampullary Tumors
Preinvasive Neoplasms
Invasive Adenocarcinomas
Other Uncommon Invasive Carcinomas
Ductal Abnormalities And Neoplasia
Staging of Ampullary Carcinomas
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms And Related Tumors
Mesenchymal Neoplasms
Tumor-Like Lesions
Gross Evaluation And The Surgical Pathology Report
Acknowledgment
Part 3. Liver
Chapter 43. Algorithmic Approach to Diagnosis of Medical Liver Disorders
Introduction
Assessment of Hepatic Architecture
Identification of the Predominant Pattern of Hepatic Injury
Fibrosis And Nodularity
Other Findings
Chapter 44. Liver Tissue Processing and Normal Histology
Liver Biopsy Specimens
Liver Resection Specimens
Routine And Special Stains
Immunohistochemistry
Electron Microscopy
Molecular Studies
Prognostic And Therapeutic Information From Liver Biopsies
Chapter 45. Molecular Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Hepatocellular Tumors
Introduction
Benign Hepatocellular Tumors
Hepatocellular Carcinoma And Its Precursors
Chapter 46. Diagnostic Cytology of the Liver
Introduction
Use of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Diagnostic Issues
Cystic Lesions of the Liver
Solid Lesions of the Liver
Combined Hepatocellular-Glandular Appearance
Nonhepatocellular Appearance
Metastatic Malignant Nonhepatocellular Lesions
Chapter 47. Acute and Chronic Infectious Hepatitis
Introduction
Viral Hepatitis
Other Viral Infections Of The Liver
Bacterial Infections Of The Liver
Fungal Infections of the Liver
Parasitic Infections of the Liver
Chapter 48. Autoimmune and Chronic Cholestatic Disorders of the Liver
Introduction
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Overlap Syndromes
Immunoglobulin G4–Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Autoimmune Hepatitis
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Ischemic Cholangitis
Miscellaneous Ductopenic Syndromes
Obstructive Cholangitis
Post–Covid-19 Cholangiopathy
Chapter 49. Toxin- and Drug-Induced Disorders of the Liver
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Assessment and Prediction of Hepatotoxicity
Prevention of Drug Hepatotoxicity
Treatment and Prognosis
Pathological Patterns of Toxic Liver Injury
Examples of Common Offending Drugs
Acknowledgments
Chapter 50. Fatty Liver Disease
Introduction
Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty Liver Disease in Various Patient Groups
Differentiating Alcoholic from Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Grading and Staging of Fatty Liver Disease
Other Forms of Fatty Liver Disease
Chapter 51. Cirrhosis
Introduction
Clinical Complications of Cirrhosis
Definition of Cirrhosis
Collagen in the Liver
Anatomical Models of Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
Models of Cirrhosis Pathogenesis
Reversibility of Cirrhosis
Anatomical Findings in Cirrhosis
Etiology
Diagnosis of Cirrhosis
Acknowledgment
Chapter 52. Vascular Disorders of the Liver
Introduction
Portal Vein Disease (Portal Vein Obstruction)
Arterial Disease
Sinusoidal Disease
Hepatic Vein Disease
Nodular Hyperplasia and Other Tumor-Like Conditions
Fibrotic Conditions with Vascular Pathophysiology
Chapter 53. Pathology of Liver and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Introduction
Donor Evaluation
Sources of Graft Dysfunction
Complications of Transplantation
Late Liver Allograft Dysfunction
Other Transplantation Effects
Acknowledgment
Chapter 54. Liver Pathology in Pregnancy
Introduction
Laboratory and Histological Changes of the Liver in Pregnancy
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
Hellp Syndrome
Hepatic Rupture
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Viral Hepatitis E Infection
Herpesvirus Infection
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Conclusions
Chapter 55. Inherited Metabolic and Developmental Disorders of the Pediatric and Adult Liver
Introduction
Pediatric Liver Biopsies
Approach to the Diagnosis of Pediatric Liver Disorders in Liver Biopsies
Liver Diseases of Infancy
Paucity of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts
Hereditary Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism
Hereditary Disorders of Bile Acid Metabolism and Bile Formation
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism
Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
Peroxisomal Disorders
Urea Cycle Disorders
Inherited and Metabolic Diseases of Adolescents And Adults
Abnormal Development of Liver Anatomy
Abnormal Development of the Biliary Tract
Conclusion
Chapter 56. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Liver
Processing Techniques
Hepatocellular Tumors
Biliary Tumors
Mesenchymal Tumors
Pediatric Neoplasms (TABLE 56.14)
Hematopoietic Malignancies
Other Lesions Involving The Liver
Metastatic Neoplasms
Frozen-Section Technique for Liver Tumors and Special Considerations
Index

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Surgical Pathology of the GI Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas

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Robert D. Odze

John R. Goldblum